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J
History of
Hlte 353rd Infantry
*Tkis Volume is Dedicated to die
Honor Roll of Qlie 353rd Infantrj}
"And ojtimes cometh our tfise Lord God, Master
of eOerp trade,
And tells them tales of His dairj? toil, of Edens
netf lj) made,
And therp rise to their feet as He passes h$, gen-
tlemen unafraid."
" / have no pity for the dead,
They have gone out, gone out with flame and song,
A xudden shining glory round them spread;
Their drooping hands raised up again and strong;
Only I sorrow that a man must die
To find the unending beauty of the sky."
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Histon? of
*The 353rd Infantry Regiment
894* DIVISION
NATIONAL ARMY
SEPTEMBER, 1917
JUNE, 1919
By
CAPT. CHARLES F. DIENST
Historian 353rd Infantry
FIRST LIEUT. CLIFFORD CHALMER
Historian First Battalion
FIRST LIEUT. FRANCIS M. MORGAN
Historian Second Battalion
FIRST LIEUT. CHARLES O. GALLENKAMP
Historian Third Battalion
FIRST LIEUT. LLOYD H. BENNING
Historian Headquarters Company
FIRST LIEUT. HAROLD F. BROWN
Historian Supply Company
FIRST LIEUT. MORTON S. BAILEY
SECOND LIEUT. WILLIAM J. LEE
Historians Machine Gun Company
/ * Published By
-y^h THE 353rd INFANTRY SOCIETY
1
» * *
% < 4
< ♦ »
• * 4
• *
'J
200CKSA
Copyright
Regimental Society TKt 353rd Infanttf
1921
PRINTED AND SOUND IY THt CAOLC FN CSS
WICHITA. KANSAS
Pref
rerace
This history is dedicated to the men on the honor roll of the
353rd Infantry. Its purpose is to put into concrete and abiding
record the service of the entire regiment, which required of these
men on the honor roll the supreme sacrifice. Space allows for a
general presentation of experience only. Those who were "there"
will recall similar incidents for their own home circles.
The original plan was to have battalion and special company tell
its own story, but the material collected showed too much over-
lapping and at the same time too little comprehension of the regi-
ment's service. For example: it appeared that almost every man,
certainly every outfit, had a drink on the Germans in Xammes, but
just how the 353rd Infantry co-operated as a unit in gaining and
holding that difficult portion of the line did not appear in any of the
accounts. It was necessary, therefore, to bring the accounts of the
different historians together into a continuous story. To do this,
paragraphs had to be shifted from one statement to another, and
then these statements tied together with a connecting thread to make
of all a regimental history.
The suggestion and inspiration for the history belongs to Colonel
Reeves. The regimental historian gladly accords the battalion and
company historians full credit for the material of the campaign
chapters. No quotation marks were used because, as these chapters
now stand, they are the result of the efforts of all contributors.
Special acknowledgment is due to Capt. Carl G. Eades for the pic-
tures. Mr. Connelly, secretary of the Kansas State Historical Society,
and his staff lent invaluable co-operation in the initial stages of its
preparation. Finally, the men of the regiment must thank Miss
Florence Shoemaker and Miss Ruth Flesher for their help as stenog-
raphers, and the regimental historian wishes to share with his wife,
whatever credit may be due him for his part.
Charles F. Dienst.
Vll
Col. James H. Reeves commanded the 353rd Infantry, with the
exception of two brief periods when he commanded the 177th Brig-
ade, from the time of its orgaization until demobilization. He lead
the regiment in all of its campaigns, on the march into Germany, and
remained with it throughout the entire period of service in the Army
of Occupation. The 353rd Infantry was the Colonel's Own Regiment.
Colonel Reeves was born in Center, Cherokee County, Alabama,
on September 20, 1870. At the approximate age of 18 years he en-
tered West Point Military Academy on September 1, 1888. His rec-
ord as an officer of the United States Army dates from his gradu-
ation as follows:
Second Lieutenant, 4th Cavalry* June 11, 1892.
Second Lieutenant, 6th Cavalry, June 24, 1897.
First Lieutenant, Second Cavalry, November 10, 1898.
Captain, 14th Cavalry, February 2, 1901.
Captain, Unassigned, March 11, 1911.
. Captain, 12th Cavalry, May 14, 1912.
Captain, 3rd Cavalry, September 9, 1912.
Major, 3rd Cavalry, June 9, 1916.
Lieutenant Colonel, 3rd Cavalry, May 15, 1917.
Colonel, National Army, August 5, 1917.
Prior to his service in the World War Colonel Reeves had had
large military experience. A resume of his experience follows:
1895-1897 Infantry and Cavalry School, Fort Leavenworth,
Kansas.
1898 During the months of May to November, Aide de Camp
to General Joseph Wheeler. Spanish-American War.
1899 February to July, 1900, Cuban Army of Occupation.
1900 July, to December, 1900, Boxer Campaign in China.
Aide de Camp to General James H. Wilson, April to
November.
1900-1902 Military Attache, American Legation, Peking, China.
1903 Commanded Troop, 14th Cavalry, Fort Grant, Arizona.
1903-1905 Commanded Troop, 14th Cavalry, in the Philippine
Islands.
1905-1907 Civil Government Service, Philippine Islands.
1907-1912 Military Attache, Peking, China.
1913 Joined 3rd Cavalry February 7, serving at Fort Sam
Houston and Mexican border to August 20, 1917.
1915 Service at the Mounted Service School, Fort Riley,
Kansas, during months from March to June.
1915-1916 Adjutant 3rd Cavalry to June, 1916.
The account of achievements set forth in the following pages at-
test to the further record of the man who was known throughout his
regiment as " Our Colonel."
ix
Calendar
Organized at Camp Funston, Kansas, September 5, 1917.
Left Camp Funston, May 26, 1918.
Sailed from Hoboken (111 officers, 3401 enlisted men) June 4, 1918.
Reynal Training Area, France, June 24-August 4, 1918.
Occupation Lucey Sector, August 5-September 12, 1918.
St. Mihiel Offensive, September 12-16.
Euvezin Sector, September 16-October 7.
Reserve Fifth Corps, October 9-19.
Meuse-Argonne Offensive-Bantheville Woods, October 19-November 1.
Final drive Meuse-Argonne Offensive, November 1.
Barricourt Woods-Tailly and Army Line, November 2.
Stenay, November 11.
Army of Occupation November 24-May 6, 1919.
U. S. S. Leviathan (105 officers, 2533 enlisted men) Port of Brest,
France, May 14.
U. S. A. May 22, 1919.
Table of Contents
Chapter I.
Chapter II.
Chapter HI.
Chapter IV.
Chapter V.
Chapter VI.
Chapter VII.
Chapter VIII.
Chapter IX.
Chapter X.
Chapter XI.
Chapter XII.
Chapter XIII.
Chapter XIV.
Chapter XV.
Chapter XVI.
Chapter XVII.
Chapter XVIII.
Chapter XIX.
Chapter XX.
PAGE
Personnel of the 353rd Infantry 1
Training, Organization, and Equipment in
Camp Funston 7
Comradeship and Recreation 15
Getting "Over There" 19
With Regimental Headquarters and the
First Battalion in Manois 27
With the Second Battalion in St. Blin ... 32
With the Third Battalion in Rimoucourt . . 38
The 353rd Infantry Moves to the Front-
First Battalion "Takes Over" 44
The Second Battalion Moves Up to Support
the First 48
The Third Battalion Moves Up in Reserve
and Later Relieves the Second as the
Second Relieves the First on the Out-
guard Line 53
The Third Battalion Draws First Blood on
the Enemy 59
The First Battalion Again on the Outguard
Line — A Raid Frustrated 64
The 353rd Infantry Goes Over the Top in
the St. Mihiel Offensive. The Second
Battalion Makes the Assault 69
The First Battalion Mops Up Mort Mare
Woods on the Left Flank of the Regi-
mental Sector and Forms Liason With
the Second Division on the Right Flank 76
The 353rd Infantry Lands on the Army
Objective. The Third Battalion Takes
the Lead on the Fourth Objective ... 83
The 353rd Infantry Helps Develop the
Army Line in the Euvezin Sector —
Xammes 89
Back to the Line in the Beney Subsector —
"Suicide Woods." The Second Battal-
ion on the Outguard 94
Another Shift to the Left St. Benoit Sub-
sector 100
On the Way to the Meuse-Argonne Offensive 104
The 353rd Infantry Takes Part in the Meuse-
Argonne Offensive. The First Battalion
Mops Up Bantheville Woods 112
xi
Chapter XXI. The 353rd Infantry Goes Over the Top in
the Final Phase of the Meuse-Argonne
Offensive. The Third Battalion Takes
the Lead 121
Chapter XXII. The 353rd Infantry Carries On to the Army
Objective. The Second Battalion in the
Lead 129
Chapter XXIII. On to Stenay 139
Chapter XXIV. Stenay 148
Chapter XXV. The March to Germany 152
Chapter XXVI. The 353rd Infantry Area and Relations
With Its People 163
Chapter XXVII. Service in the Army of Occupation . . . . 172
Chapter XXVIII. Return and Demobilization 188
Chapter XXIX. The Story of Headquarters Company . . . 199
The Adjutant's Office 201
The Band 203
Bombers 205
Intelligence Section and Some Informa-
tion 208
The Pioneers — Knights of the Pick and
Shovel 221
One-Pounder Platoon 224
The Signal Platoon and a Few of Its Ob-
servations 227
Chapter XXX. Story of the Machine Gun Company of the
353rd Infantry 239
Chapter XXXI. Story of the Supply Company 247
Chapter XXXII. Medical Detachment 253
Official Report on St. Mihiel Offensive 257
Official Report on Meuse-Argonne Offensive 263
Rosters 269
XII
Honor Roll of Tke 353rd Infantr?
NAME
Andrew*. Ivan E.
Bougher. George A.
Drake. Frank 6.
Elliott. Illiff L.
Hall. William A.
Johnson, Leonard
Kirschbaum, John
McCloskey, Purley
McDaniel. Lee B.
Monk, Martin J.
Mooney, Fred
Plov, John
NAME
Ahec, Emll
Barnicle, Elian S.
Burns. William E.
Clendening, Foster J.
Dcvine, Daniel P.
Duvall. Oland H.
Elwick, Harry C.
Fulton, Charles J.
Fox. Chester
Griffith, Elmer C.
Groth, Joseph
Hagerman, Chester R.
Himil, Lester D.
Hardtke, Otto C.
Hicks, Frank B.
Hooper, Wilbert G.
Kierski. Walter
Lindhorst, Henry J.
Mack, Joseph A.
Mitchell. James O.
Nelson, Delbert
Patterson, Duncan J.
Preston, Percy R.
Remick, Earl F.
Sharp, Frank W.
Stevenson, Wilbur A.
Titolski. Joe
Turner, Lawrence W.
Ware. Hugh H.
Wood, Jasper M.
Wymore, Verne
NAME
Defrees, Albert C.
Foster, Horace K.
Grubs, Lee A.
Hadlick, Charles F.
Hut ton. Eugene
Hutchens, Lawrence
Hurlbert, Dexter
Heidle. Ted
Joyce, Harry F.
Jennings, Lewis
Jones, Everett
Kelsey, Floyd J.
KingBbury, La Rue S.
Knapp, Nicholas P.
Lemanski. Peter
Lonthowsky. Frank
Mattison, Milton A.
New. Roy O.
Nutz. Theodore E.
Reeves, Jessie C.
Swiderskl, Victor
Wellmitz, Frank
Williams. David R.
Zukaltis, Charles
Company
A
LAST KNOWN RANK
ADDRESS
Leon, Kan.
Den\er, Colo.
Corp.
Minneapolis. Minn., 4648 Col.
Ave
Co. Runner
Hutchinson. Kan.
Co. Runner
Winfield. Kan.
Corp.
Duluth. Minn.. 1045 48th St.
Downs. Kan.
Corp.
Agra. Kan.
Sgt.
Columbus. Kan.
Corp.
North Kaukana, Wis.
Bluemound. Kan.
Florence, Wis.
Company
B
LAST KNOWN RANK
ADDRESS
Corp.
Chicago. 111.
St. Louis. Mo.
Corp.
Tongonoxie, Kan.
Fulton, Kan.
Cherryvale. Kan.
Co. Runner
Colwich, Kan.
N. R.
Cuba. Kan.
Co. Runner
Sterling. Kan.
Winfield. Kan.
Sterling, Kan.
Co. Runner
Medicine. Lodge. Kan.
Tongonoxie. Kan.
Sgt.
Chicago. 111.
Corp.
Cook
Lin wood, Kan.
Inavale, Neb.
Leavenworth. Kan.
Mukwango. Wis.
Kansas City. Kan.
Chicago, 111.
Corp.
N. R.
Co. Runner
Miami, Ariz.
1st Lieut.
Denver, Colo.
Osborne, Kan.
Corp.
Sterling. Kan.
Richmond. Kan.
Co. Runner
Leavenworth, Kan.
Corp.
Newton. Kan.
Sgt.
Chuaska. Okla.
Hiattville. Kan.
Kingman, Kan.
Company C
LAST KNOWN RANK
ADDRESS
Corp.
McCloud, Kan.
Wichita. Kan.
Corp.
Emporia, Kan.
Blue Earth, Minn.
Wichita, Kan.
Lawrence, Kan.
Co. Runner
Wayco, Mo.
Junction City, Kan.
Corp.
Leavenworth, Kan.
Corp.
Smith Center, Kan.
Ethel, Mo.
Leavenworth, Kan.
Smith Center, Kan.
Harmon, 111.
N. R.
Pittsburg, Kan.
Spring valley. Wis.
Mound City, Kan.
Fort Scott, Kan.
Medicine Lodge, Kan.
Atchison, Kan.
Emporia, Kan.
Tonganoxie, Kan.
Chicago, 111.
Xlll
GtmrlBberf. Edward
Han I In. Charles H.
Hartshorn. Clyde
Holberr. Albert L.
Hum, Conrad
Jackson. WilUnm H.
Keener. Clyde
Levy. Joseph
Mei™. Clarence F.
Miller, Charles
MoBher, Arthur D.
Olson, fad ward L.
Owen. Henry H,
Resells, Charles P.
Rice. Homer
Han-tnim. Carl E.
Walker, John A,
Young. Robert
Company D
LAST HNHK.V BANK
ADDBESS
Bums. Kan.
Osawatomle. Kan.
Pueblo. Colo.
Paradine. Kan.
Hutchinson. Kan.
Chiraco. III.
Wi-I.i.a K»r.
Ellsworth. Kan.
Pardee* 11 Is, Wla.
Deforest. Wis.
Fulton, Kan.
Co. Runner
Chk-Biro. ID.
Louisburi. Kan.
Chlcaro. 111.
Mulvana. Kan.
Lena. Stephenson Co
Eaulewood, Kan.
Waukesha. Wis.
Hodley. Kau.
Company E
LAST KNOWN KANK
ADDBESS
Eakrldee" Ian. "'
Sit. '
Waubansee. Kan.
Denver. Colo.
Manchester. Kan.
Oakley, Kan.
Pro lection, Kan.
Bn^Runner
Topeka, Kan.
Protection. Kan.
Kaunas Cilr. Kau.
Home City. Kan.
Moorhead. Wle.
Loulaburi. W. Va.
Naloma, Ksn.
At wood. Kan.
Mulberry. Kan.
St. Louis. Mo.
Logan. Kan.
V. R.'°'
Set.
Hntcblnaon. Kan.
Re* Runner
Wichita. Kau.
Oneida. Ksn.
Eldorado, Kan.
NAME LAST KNOWN RANK ADDBESS
Anderson. Ralph P. Scranton. Kan.
Bates. Henry J. Ellensbercbi. Wash.
Clark. Wray Corp. PltUbur*. Kau.
Dotson. Clay Neodeeha, Kan.
Dully, Albert Wathena. Kan.
Erickson, Albln Wayne, Kan.
Femlter. John J. Chlcaro. 111.
GT-tUIld Joseph W. Chlcaro. III.
Heflron. Walter R. Set. Tookibs, Okla.
Keseler, Edward M. Corp. Cheney. Kan.
Kraune. Reginald A. Milwaukee, Wle.
Laacht'nfer. Fred W. Sheboyirnn. Wis.
HOH, Frank W. Belpre. Kan.
Moore. Davis M. Sit. Stromberj. Nebr.
Nelloon, Lsurlta Omaha. Nebr.
Nuce. ioe Albert Dodge City. Kan.
Rom ick. James E. _ ..„„,.--, i —
Bows. Edward Corp.
Sandman. Leo L. Damnjion, i
Seymour, Qumcey R. Rantoul. Kau
Sliiimnm, Frank L. «•—... rui.
S°SJ
aneaa City. Ki
emphin. Mo.
Wen«kl, Conn tan tine M. Kansas City. Kan.
Company G
NAME
Berndt, Alvin C.
Brullman. lister 6
Burt, William R.
Elliott. Gilbert R.
Ford. Richmond V.
Harrington. Parmer
Heald, Arlington A.
Heime. Aloysius
Henderson, Orel T.
Holmes, Oliver W.
Kahn. Norman
Kasha. Henry H.
Keller, Joseph
Martin, Leroy
McCarren, Andrew J.
McDaniel. Guy F.
Moore, Walter E.
Murphey, Joseph M.
Ramsey, Earl E.
Romack. Francis R.
Setter, Albert P.
Smith, Jacob L.
Stumps, Michael
Thurlow, Clifford M.
Westling. John R.
Wright. Roy E.
Wray, Harry C.
LAST KNOWN RANK
Bugler
Corp.
Sgt.
Corp.
Corp.
Sgt.
Corp.
Bugler
Corp.
Sgt.
1st Lieut.
ADDRESS
Oak Grove, Wis.
Paola, Kan.
Cornwall, England
Pooli. Ind.
Topeka, Kan.
Phoenix. Ariz.
Goff. Kan.
St. Marys, Kan.
Cottonwood, Ariz.
Seaver Crossing, Neb.
Minneapolis, Minn.
Cuba. Kan.
Peoria, Kan.
Atlanta. Kan.
Leavenworth. Kan.
Sabetha. Kan.
Akron, Kan.
New York, N. T.
Cedarvale, Kan.
Katy, Texas.
Wamego, Kan.
Cawker City. Kan.
Clafin. Kan.
Winfield. Kan.
Clay Center, Kan.
Manhattan, Kan.
Colorado Springs. Colo.
Company H
NAME
Louis. Gilbert H.
Wickersham. J. H.
Ackerman. Carl W.
Bodner, Albert E.
Bearhardt. Henry
Carter. Sidney D.
Gray. Harry E.
Holman, Earl L.
Hunt. Charles L.
King, Howard Scott
Knozvich. Fred
McCollough, Floyd L.
Schwandt. Carl
Schultz, Fred J.
Shimmin, Thomas A.
Spohnhauer, Harr F.
Tornow, Martin F.
Tuttle, Louis F.
West, James W.
West. Olin J.
Wright, William E.
Tore. Louis A.
LA8T KNOWN RANK
1st Lieut.
2nd Lieut.
Sgt.
ADDRESS
Kinsley, Kan.
Denver, Colo.
Marion, Kan.
Russell, Kan.
Chippewa Falls, Wis.
Tuscon, Ariz.
Pittsburg, Kan.
Weir City. Kan.
Salina, Kan.
Clay Center. Kan.
Miamie, Ariz.
Bunker Hill. Kan.
Leavenworth, Kan.
Winona. Minn.
Council Grove, Kan.
Cherryvale. Kan.
Walnut. HI.
Anthony, Kan.
Kansas City, Mo.
Mildred. Kan.
Leavenworth, Kan.
Chicago, 111.
Company I
NAME
Can*. Roy E.
Fmlayson
Davis, Eli
Eccher, Richard
Fish. Charles R.
Hewitt, Henry L.
Hogan, Thomas J.
Ingerham, Clarence
Johnson. Harold M.
Kren. Walter R.
Kolb. Frederick J.
McKenna, Edward A.
Nixon, Willie A.
Parsons, William F.
Slaughter, John H.
Smith, Lehigh L.
Speer, Joe R.
Steward, Herbert S.
Theobald, Jacob K.
Wendorf, Emil A.
Wuest, Henry
LAST KNOWN RANK
1st. Lieut.
2nd Lieut.
Corp.
Corp.
Corp.
Co. Runner
Sgt.
ADDRE88
Lockwood, Mo.
Skull Valley. Ariz.
Liberal. Mo.
Atchison, Kan.
Mound City. Kan.
Natoma, Kan.
Garnett. Kan.
Wamego, Kan.
2205 S. 10th St., St. Louis. Mo.
La Crosse, Wis.
Chicago, 111.
Medicine Lodge, Kan.
Florence, Ariz.
Springerville. Ariz.
Snowflake, Ariz.
Atchison, Kan.
Council Grove, Kan.
Prescott, Ariz.
Milwaukee. Wis.
Anoka. Minn.
XV
Company K
NAME
Buchworth, Earl E.
Eckhart, John F.
Grant. Zachary A.
Healy, Francis L.
Kleman, Oscar
Kline, Wilson R.
Kopang. Arthur C.
Lovelady, Grant
Nixon, James G.
Ridge, Edward L.
Rice. Otis W.
Rush, Ralph G.
Rader, Valentine S.
Spayer, Edward S.
Wakem an, Arthur
Watson, Walter W.
Weinberg, Louis B.
NAME
Allen, Forrest
Baxter, William C.
Bergner, William C.
Grass, Wilfred W.
Higgins, Edward L.
Hobson, James A.
Holmes. Ira G.
Isaacson, Clyde
James, Morris
Johnson. William M.
Kiely. Patrick L.
Kronlokken, John
Lambert, Le Roy P.
Lewis, Howard M.
Lysle, Samuel V.
Love, Cramer C.
McNeeley .Theodore L.
Metzker, William H.
Miller. Gerald L.
Paustian, Otto H.
Plamenaz, Blatz
Raible, Joseph R.
Siebenthaler, George H.
Thompson, George W.
Verhulst, Cornellous R.
Wagner, Harold R.
NAME
Jackson. Jared F.
Seith. Alvin N.
Abney, George C.
Anderson. Harold
Black, Benjamin H.
Block. Herbert M.
Bosseck, Lorane
Brewer, John L.
demons, David E.
Coppus, Jacob J.
Crosley, William G.
Crouch, Joseph H.
Dickey, James H.
Hansen, Arvld L.
Hansen, Elmer C.
Harvey, Charles
Keck, Harry L.
Kei8, Albert
King, Clarence
Lane, Donald C.
Lindstrom, Walter R.
Lockwood, Emery C.
Lyons, Earl C.
Mullenbach, Joseph J.
Norris, Claude A.
Perkins. Oscar
Peterson, Nels J.
Pippert, Herman W.
Riley, William J.
Rostetter, Frank L.
Rubino, Joe
Schneikart, Rudolph
Solomon, Frank
Sturm, Jacob M.
Trapp. Peter C.
Verhoeff, Lenord C.
Vickroy, Lawrence P.
Wilson. Irving F.
Zenk, Leo L.
LA8T KNOWN SANK
Corp.
1st Lieut.
Corp.
Corp.
Corp.
Corp.
Company L
LA8T KNOWN RANK
Corp.
Corp.
Co. Runner
Corp.
Company M
LA8T KNOWN RANK
1st Lieut.
1st Lieut.
Co. Runner
Corp.
Corp.
Co. Runner
Bn. Runner
Corp.
Corp.
ADDRE88
Rowersville. Mo.
Norton. Kan.
Burlington. Kan.
Lincoln Center. Kan.
Bamber, Wis.
Abilene. Kan.
Deerfield. Wis.
Grant, Kan.
Platteville. Pa.
Phoenix, Wis.
Hutchinson. Kan.
Kansas City. Kan.
Howard, Kan.
La Salle. 111.
Wathena, Kan.
Plattsville. Wis.
Troy, Kan.
ADDRE8S
Earlton, Kan.
Powhattan, Kan.
Sheboygan, Wis.
Chetopa. Kan.
Stella. Nebr.
Bartlett. Kan.
Madison. Kan.
Hiawatha, Kan.
Madison, Kan.
N. R.
Chicago, HI.
Renville, Minn.
Montana, Kan.
Denver, Colo.
Bowe, Tex.
Somerton, Kan.
Topeka. Kan.
Cold water. Kan.
Wichita, Kan.
Enterprise. Kan.
Bisbee. Ariz.
Overbrook. Kan.
Merriam. Kan.
Liberal, Kan.
Cornwell. Wis.
Fruita. Colo.
ADDRESS
Atchison, Kan.
Cleveland, Ohio
Rockford. 111.
Solway, Minn.
Marlon, Kan.
Lyons. Kan.
La Fontain. Kan.
Montrose. Colo.
Otego, Kan.
Little Chute. Wis.
Denver, Colo.
Odessa, Mo.
Denver, Colo.
McPherson, Kan.
East Moline. 111.
Quinter. Kan.
St. Joseph, Mo.
N. R.
Manhattan. Kan.
Emporia, Kan.
N. R.
Du Quoin, Kan.
Lincoln, Kan.
Calvary. Wis.
South Haven, Kan.
Casey. 111.
Omaha, Nebr.
Denver, Colo.
Bennington. Kan.
Altoona, Kan.
Chicago, 111.
Kansas City, Kan.
Hiawatha. Kan.
Norton, Kan.
Herington. Kan.
Grimmel. Kan.
Aurora. 111.
Oshkosh, Wis.
Winona, Minn.
XVI
Headquarters Company
NAME
Bayley, Harry E.
Berry, Oscar R.
Dillon, Cecil E.
Fenster, Charles
Goff, Ira B.
Hawkins, Clay H.
Kemp, Floyd W.
London. Marcus L.
Marshall. Earl G.
McDonald. Chester
Redd, Charles E.
Ryan. John
Severin, Alvin
Slomski, Martin
Thompson, John I.
West, James W.
LAST KNOWN RANK
Sgt.
Corp.
1st Sgt.
ADDRESS
Tar River, Okla.
Parsons, Kan.
Highland. Kan.
New York. N. Y.
Horsebranch, Ky.
Grenola, Kan.
Topeka. Kan.
B annas City. Kan.
Arkansas City, Kan.
Howard, Kan.
Denver, Colo.
K. R.
Colorado Springs, Colo.
Basehar. Kan.
Eaglewood, Kan.
N. R.
Machine Gun Company
NAME
Mitchell, Edward A.
Berquist, Arthur C.
Bowden. James
Cosgriff. Earl J.
Costello. Albert L.
Davidson, Frank J.
Dei tech, Louis F.
Lindstrom. Walter R.
MeCarley. Hallie
Munson, Louis
Reid, Randall
Strasser, William E.
Shannon, Edward
Sanchez, Solomon
Szylobrit, Alex A.
Swart, Irvln M.
Thieme, Eitel F.
Tidball, Thomas B.
Verdier, Martin H.
Wiedmar, Chris.
LAST KNOWN RANK
1st Lieut.
Corp.
8gt.
Sgt.
Corp.
ADDRES8
Denver, Colo.
Stockton, Kan.
Kansas City, Kan.
Dover. Ky.
Topeka, Kan.
Olathe, Kan.
Denver, Colo.
Oswego, Kan.
Ellington, Kan.
Spencer, Wis.
Ogallah. Kan.
Hlattville. Kan.
Mapleton, Kan.
Raton, N. Mex.
Wisconsin
Long Island, Kan.
Goff. Kan.
Collyer. Kan.
N. R.
Madison. Kan.
NAME
Knudsen, Elmer A.
Mickelson, Clarence
Prosser, John
Shafer, Francis W.
Supply Company
LAST KNOWN RANK
Wagoner
Wagoner
ADDRESS
Salina, Kan.
Blackearth, Wis.
Ashland. Wis.
Cherryvale, Kan.
NAME
Focht. William J.
Fraizer, Lloyd M.
Nathan, James
Tlndall. Marvin L.
Regimental Infirmary
LAST KNOWN RANK
Sgt.
ADDRESS
Grlnnell. Iowa
Malvern, Iowa
Memphis, Tenn.
Tonganoxie, Kan.
XV11
Men of Tke 353rd InfantrJ WKo
Received Decorations
MEDAL OF HONOR
First Lieut. Harold A. Furlong
Second Lieut. J. Hunter Wickersham
DISTINGUISHED
First Sergt. Harry J. Adams
Capt. Moses D. Atkins
Capt. Fred C. Albright
Capt. Albert F. Baxter
Sergt. Harry E. Bayly
Lieut.-Col. George W. Blackinton
Corp. Tracy S. Blair
Pvt. George W. Gondit
Corp. Francis L. Daniels
Sergt. Otis V. Dozer
Pvt. John I Dugan
Corp. Lloyd Farber
Capt. Charles M. Fox
Sergt. George W. Gardner
Pvt. Don Green
Sergt. E. F. Guthrie
Pvt. William A. Hall
Pvt. Alva Kane
Corp. E. M. Kessler
Pvt. D. F. Lamson
Sergt. Lee B. McDaniel
Bugler Edward McGee
SERVICE CROSS
Corp. John W. McKay
Sergt. Clayton Malone
Sergt. Herbert H. Miller
First Lieut. Francis Morgan
Sergt. E. E. Ramsey
First Lieut. George E. Rand
Pvt. Cecil E. Reed
Col. James H. Reeves
Lieut.-Col. James L. Peatross
Second Lieut. Harry W. Pine
Pvt. L. L. Sanduran
First Lieut. J. E. Scanlon
Pvt. R. R. Seymour
First Lieut. Charles A. Shaw
Sergt. Ralph M. Shimfall
Lieut.-Col. Burton A. Smead
First Lieut. R. H. G. Smith
Corp. Milton C. Sundin
Pvt. J. A. Szcepanick
Bugler Frank F. Tomanek
Pvt. Richard Wahler
Sergt. Walter S. Witt
DISTINGUISHED SERVICE MEDAL
Col. James H. Reeves
CROIX DE GUERRE
Lieut.-Col. Fred W. Boschen Lieut.-Col. F. W. O'Donnell
Chap. Otis E. Gray Col. James H. Reeves
Capt. J. W. Lockwood Corp. Milton C. Sundin
Maj. C. J. Masseck Sergt. Ralph G. Taylor
Capt. Moses D. Atkins
BELGIAN CROSS
Maj. Milton Portman
xvm
CHAPTER I.
Personnel of the 353rd Infantry
September 5, 1917, has been set as the birthday of the 353rd
Infantry, 89th Division. Colonel Reeves and many of the officers
were on the ground several days earlier, but not until September 5
did the "first five per cent" of the Regiment's enlisted personnel
arrive in the unit area at Camp Funston. Five months lacking one
day since the declaration of war between the United States and
Germany on April 6, 1917, had been spent in preparation for this
mere beginning of the mobilization and organization of man power
for the nation's part in the World War. The cantonment had been
built, equipment supplied, officers trained. Now the Selective
Service Law was in operation. And the " Rookies," veterans of the
future, were actually born into the service. Only those who have left
civil occupations and homes for the camp and field can ever appre-
ciate, the change which this transition brings into the lives of men.
It is little wonder that the 5th of each succeeding month grew in
significance for every man in the 353rd Infantry.
The personnel of the Regiment, as of the entire National Army,
came from three sources: the Regular Army, the Officers' Reserve
Corps, and the citizenship of the country between the ages of twenty-
one and thirty-one years. The initial personnel of the 353rd In-
fantry follows: From the Regular Army: Col. James H. Reeves,
Lieut. Col. Frank B. Hawkins, Maj. Jans E. Stedge, Maj. W. F. C.
Jepson, and thirty-four non-commissioned officers. From the Of-
ficers' Reserve Corps: eighty-four officers (from the 5th Company,
14th Provisional Training Regiment at Fort Riley). From the
State of Kansas under the operation of the Selective Service Law:
three hundred twenty-three enlisted men on September 5; one
thousand seven hundred ninety-one on September 19; and six hun-
dred eighty on October 5th — a total of two thousand nine hundred
seventy-four Kansas men. From these initial increments of National
Army men the Regiment received its name, "The All-Kansas Regi-
ment."
Like all National Army Regiments the 353rd Infantry was called
upon to transfer men to other organizations and to receive replace-
ments from later drafts. These transfers were made to the Engi-
neers' Corps, to the Headquarters Battalion of the A. E. F., to the
Aviation Section of the Signal Corps, and various other branches of
the service where men were immediately needed. The largest de-
tachments were sent to the 35th Division and to the 4th Division.
A. E. F. officers, too, were transferred to various organizations and
seventy-eight others from the 2nd Training Camp at Fort Benjamin
Harrison began their service in the Regiment in December, 1917.
These unsettled conditions in the personnel of the Regiment were
trying to both officers and men. "Are we to be a depot outfit after
all?" was a question of frequent recurrence. The final effect of the
2 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
transfers is seen in this announcement of the Regimental Bulletin of
April 11, 1918:
" Each company will turn out on Friday afternoon at the pa-
rade for General Wood with six squads. Battalion Commanders
will notify these Headquarters of the number of men needed in
each company to make up this quota."
Timely assurance from the War Department saved the morale of
the men. The Regimental Bulletin of February 19 had this an-
nouncement :
" From a letter received by the Division Commander from the
War Department it is desired that all officers and men understand
that there is no intention of breaking up National Army Divisions.
All should co-operate most heartily for the benefit of the army as
a whole."
M
Further assurance came on February 25th in the requirement of
indispensable lists." "All non-commissioned officers plus 5% of
the remaining enlisted strength " were to be retained in each com-
pany. There were still enough when reduced to the lowest number
to " carry on " and soon replacements began to appear. With new
men came new hope of service over sea.
These replacements were as follows:
March 13, 1918, 350 men, Camp Grant, Illinois.
161st Depot Brigade.
April 24, 1918, 300 men, Camp Funston, Kansas.
164th Depot Brigade.
April 27, 1918, 143 men, Camp Funston, Kansas.
164th Depot Brigade.
May 8, 1918, 2017 men, Camp Funston, Kansas.
164th Depot Brigade.
The monthly return for May, 1918, made up at Camp Mills, N. Y.,
showed a total of three thousand five hundred two enlisted men and
one hundred officers in the Regiment. The Medical Detachment, in
addition, consisted of fifty-two men and eleven officers. The regi-
ment was now practically up to war strength.
But changes in personnel must continue and were now accepted
as part of the game. In the place of " indispensables " all became
" expendibles." Nineteen lieutenants came to the Regiment in The
Reynel Training area, France, from the A. E. F. candidates school.
While all were rejoicing in a more complete line-up of officers for
early duty at the front, several of the old officers were recalled to
the United States as instructors.
These changes in personnel seemed at the time to be striking at
the progress and efficiency of the organization. There's something
in the association of men as " bunkies " that ties them together once
Personnel of the 353rd Infantry 3
for all. "I'm ready to go," said the transferred man, "but I should
like to go with my old outfit." And the man who was left behind
answered, " We're going to be filled up with strangers. I don't like
it either." But it remained for the experience of campaigns to re-
veal the true value of replacements for renewed effectiveness. When
the ranks had been thinned in the Lucey Sector, in the St. Mihiel
Offensive, and in the Euvezin Sector, seven hundred eighty-one new
men from the 86th Division found little difficulty in swinging into
line with the veterans of previous campaigns. The new men were
glad to give some of their extra shoes and equipment to the old men;
and the old men free to give the new men the full benefit of their
experience as fighters.
These replacements from the 86th Division were from various
middle-western states — Illinois, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Nebraska, and
South Dakota mainly. The enlisted personnel of the Regiment re-
mained approximately sixty per cent Kansas men throughout the
entire period of service. The officers, however, represented every
state in the Union. And 'The All Kansas Regiment" came to be the
most typically middle-west regiment of the Middle-West Division.
More important than the numbers and source of this personnel
were its qualifications for the task and its qualities of character,
which accounts for its high service as a part of the A. E. F. The four
officers and thirty-four non-commissioned officers of the Regular
Army were to form the framework of the new organization. These
men, especially Colonel Reeves, gave to the Regiment its policies and
standards of efficiency.
For twenty-nine years Colonel Reeves had seen continuous mili-
tary service. His service included duty with troops, staff work,
special duty with the Ppilippine Government, and long experience
as a military attach^. This broad experience gave him a sympa-
thetic understanding of men as well as military affairs, both essen-
tial to the building of a National Army regiment. Lieutenant-
Colonel Hawkins, second in command from the organization of the
Regiment until the occupation of the Lucey Sector, had been in the
service since the Spanish-American War. His experience at the
Fort Slocum and Fort Logan Recruit Depots was especially valu-
able in the training of the new National Army men. Major Stedge
enlisted as a private in 1894. He not only knew soldiering at first
hand from the ranks to the commissioned grades, but even more im-
portant, Major Stedge impressed the new men in unmistakable and
picturesque terms with the gravity of military service. He "nailed
them to the cross" and at the same time strengthened their confi-
dence in themselves. Major Jepson was with the Regiment only a
few days when he was transferred to another organization.
More immediate than the influence of the Regular Army officers
was the service of the non-commissioned personnel of the Regular
Army. They spoke not of years but of " hitches " in the service.
They understood guard mount exactly and knew the technique of
the duty roster to the fraction of a minute even though its tours were
4 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
longer in the National Army than they had ever known with the
Regulars. They surprised the new Reserve Officers with their ready
use of the third person and taught its practical value to the rookies.
They were soldiers by profession and played the game in a manner
worthy of the best traditions of the old army.
These officers and enlisted men of the Regular Army were a tried
lot. Thorough training and actual experience gave them confidence
in themselves and the record they had made, entitled them the con-
fidence of the whole country. But there was a bit of apprehension
about the future of the new officers and enlisted men who were to
take part in the World War with so little training and even less ex-
perience. This apprehension was greatest in the minds of the new
officers and men themselves. True to American spirit, however,
they balanced lack of confidence with determination and lack of ex-
perience with intensity of effort.
The Reserve Officers of the 353rd Infantry were men who re-
sponded to the call for volunteers under Section 54 of the National
Defense Act, June, 1916. They were plain citizens who wished to
serve their country to the fullest. Of the eighty-four who reported
to Camp Funston for duty with the Regiment, fifteen had been en-
gaged in business, eight had left study in colleges and universities,
six resigned as teachers, and others came from such ocupations as
law, journalism, engineering, and medicine. Of these same men,
three had had training in military schools, nine had seen service in
the National Guard, ten had been in the Regular Army, and the rest
were wholly inexperienced in military matters. In respect to the
variety of their previous occupations and their military experience
these men were representative of the Reserve Officers of the National
Army generally.
These officers began their training at Fort Riley in May and re-
ceived their commissions in August. Training Camp Bulletin No. 49
has some striking statements concerning the process. For example,
" The schedule is based on a minimum day of ten hours." As a
matter of fact, the day was not based on hours at all but upon the
limit of human endurance. "All must forget rank," the bulletin con-
tinued, " and live and work on equal terms." Training began with
a "hike"; by the end of the week company drill was in progress.
By the sixth week range work was on with drill between platoon
turns at firing. In spite of dust and heat, inoculations and vaccina-
tions, the men stuck to the schedule. Occasionally the surgeons
ruled out a candidate on physical disability, but no one " fell out."
It was understood from the first that commissions would be granted
on the basis of the survival of the fittest. General Sherman's epithet
came to be freely applied to training camps as well as to war. The
men, however, recognized in these strenuous conditions the peril of
their country and did their best to help redeem a bad situation.
In this connection a word of recognition is due the officers of the
Regular Army for the part they played in training the new officers.
^Dt. Levi G. Brown (Later Lieutenant-Colonel Brown) commanded
Personnel of the 353rd Infantry 5
the 5th Company, 14th Provisional Training Regiment, in which
the first officers assigned to the 353rd Infantry were trained. He
appreciated fully the position of a candidate called from the ranks
for the first time to take charge of a company. If a mix-up occurred
because the commander forgot his command, or those commanded
had no chance to execute automatically, the captain never scored
until he saw the final solution of the situation. To avoid a bad situ-
ation was commendable; to save a bad situation was creditable.
Regular Army officers held to their standards of efficiency but al-
most without exception they emphasized these standards as goals to
be approached and not as ends immediately attainable.
Under this instruction the candidates from civilian life had by
the 15th of August, as summed up by Colonel Rivers, the Camp Com-
mander in his final message to the successful candidates in the Rid-
ing Hall at Fort Riley, "a slight knowledge of a good many things."
His parting words were, " Remember it's up to you to justify your
commissions." In this statement he revealed the secret of success
to the new officers. They took the cue without hesitation. In camp
the new officers studied while their men rested on the drill ground,
attended battalion schools at night, crammed for special examina-
tions — all this under threat of summons before the " benzine "
board. Not by the acquirements of three months in the training
camp did they succeed but by ceaseless effort throughout their en-
tire service.
The third element in the personnel of the 353rd Infantry, the en-
listed men, was, above all, typical of the population of the Middle
West. A glance at any roster revealed almost every language. The
following are specimens from Company "A": McClowsky, Christen-
sen, Armigo, Lopriore, Biskoe, Van Dusen, England, Plov, Kirsch-
baum, Massier. While all nationalities were represented, few were
of foreign birth; ancestry of the men of the 353rd Infantry was usu-
ally stated in the Service Record, "American." Even more striking
than the sound of their names was the appearance of the men them-
selves as they stood in line even for the first time. They were tall,
broad-shouldered men with tan on their faces and blisters on their
hands. They looked each other and their officers straight in the
eyes with a guarantee of intelligence, sincerity, and loyalty that in-
spired confidence immediately. They needed only the precision
and discipline of military drill to make of them soldiers fit for the
arduous duties of the World War. As the historian of Company "G"
observed,
" It was a cosmopolitan outfit that boarded the train at Camp
Funston, May 26, 1918, and started on the 'Long, Long Trail.'
They were Americans going to shatter the imperialistic aspira-
tions of the Potsdam gang."
The enlisted men of the Regiment, like the Reserve Officers,
represented all lines of civilian occupation. One hundred men
6 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
taken in alphabetical order from the roster of Headquarters Com-
pany claimed thirty-nine different occupations. Twenty-seven of
these were farmers, seven were miners; railroad men, salesmen,
barbers, tailors, and others followed. This variety in experience
fitted well into the needs of the new organizations. Company Com-
manders lost no time in investigating the ability of their men and
soon had each one working at his highest efficiency. Carpenters
completed the barracks, cooks went to the kitchens, barbers and tail-
ors established their shops. No matter what the task, (with the possi-
ble exception of bugling) there could be found in the Regiment a
man equal to the occasion, already trained in the school of civilian
service.
Very few had had any experience in military matters — and yet
the list of non-commissioned officers picked from the new men num-
bered two hundred sixteen by October 1st. It was made clear at the
outset that merit was to be the basis of promotion in the National
Army. The response of the men to this challenge of duty and oppor-
tunity is seen in the fact that eighty-three enlisted men of the 353rd
Infantry were sent to Officers' Training camps. The enlisted per-
sonnel did not, however, accept military service as a profession. It
was the end to be attained, not the process of attaining the end, that
called forth their utmost efforts. On the night of the 31st of October,
just preceding the advance in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive, the
353rd Infantry was commended because there was not a single
straggler, but when the call was made for re-enlistment at the time of
demobilization not a man volunteered. The end of the war had been
attained. The soldier's interest returned irresistibly to home and
civilian occupation.
In brief, the personnel of the 353rd Infantry, both in its source
and qualifications was typically American. Its elements were called
together from peaceful pursuits, under pressure of one of the grav-
est emergencies that had ever occurred in the life of the Nation.
The representatives of the Regular Army realized fully the task of
building an organization to contend with the disciplined veterans
of Europe. They were steadied in their part by thorough training
and actual service under fire. The new officers and men accepted
without reserve the call to service. They brought to the task the
vigor and determination of the Mi die-West. Finally, through all
ranks and elements ran, with ever increasing power, the conscious-
ness of obligation to the principles recognized throughout the world
as American.
CHAPTER II.
Training, Organization, and Equipment
in Camp Funston
The scene that greeted the officers and men of the 353rd Infantry
at Gamp Funston in early September, 1917, resembled a great Ameri-
can factory more than a military garrison. Thousands of workmen
were hurrying the buildings to completion. All day long hammers
clicked and saws hummed. The frame work of a new structure
would appear, and, as if by magic, the next view would present an-
other building. Quite a number of the men entering military ser-
vice had helped to build the camp; many others had watched the
progress of its construction; all felt in this activity the thrill of the
mighty movement that was claiming the attention of the country.
But this scene of industrial activity was soon to change to a scene
of military activity. General Wood had arrived in Fort Riley in
the latter part of August, 1917. He began immediately to line up his
Division. General Order Number One, August 27, 1917, announced
" Maj. Gen. Leonard Wood, United States Army, hereby assumes com-
mand of this Division." This order continued with the assignment
of staff and commanding officers. General Order Number Two,
August 31, 1917, which became and remained in all succeeding time
number one in importance, provided for the sanitation and police
of the camp. General Order Number Three, September 3, pro-
claimed the list of calls — Reveille, 5:45 a. m., and Taps, 9:45 p. m.
General Order Number Four, September 4, gave the enlistment pro-
cedure and the initial training plan, " The training of the first five
per cent of the new National Army men will be undertaken imme-
diately upon their arrival, with the purpose of developing among
them non-commissioned officers and instructors for the National
Army men who will arrive later." Whatever the state of prepared-
ness, General Wood knew the procedure and lost no time in putting
it into effect.
Colonel Reeves, too, was on the ground. With these Division
orders and a roster of his officers in hand, and his Adjutant, Capt.
George Blackinton (later Lieutenant-Colonel Blackinton), at his
side, he began his Regiment. His first order dated September 4,
1917, dealt with the assignment of officers. While no record can be
found of the activity of Lieutenant-Colonel Hawkins, it may be in-
ferred from his later practice that he was busy making out the sched-
ule required by the Division Training Plan. Major Stedge, fresh
from campaigns on the border, looked after cots and Captain Piatt,
the Regimental Supply Officer, requisitioned equipment from the
Quartermaster.
This Division Training Plan already referred to in Division Gen-
eral Order Number Four, September 4, began:
" (a) Military discipline and courtesy, (b) Personal hygiene,
(c) Fitting adjustment and care of clothing and equipment."
8 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
These "fundamentals" continued through the alphabet to (j)
which was, "A lecture on obligations and rights of a soldier." Fool
notes contained, along with general instruction, a rainy day sched-
ule and provision for Officers' Schools. And so while the hammers
still clicked and the saws hummed, military forces began to take over
the camp.
On the morning of September 5, 1917, the first five per cent of the
enlisted personnel began to arrive in the Regimental area, (the three
rows of barracks and accompanying buildings at the northern end
of the camp). As soon as the names of the men could be checked at
Regimental Headquarters, all passed under the cold showers. When
the surgeons had given each man a careful going-over from head to
foot, he received his government clothing. Sizes were determined
by the supply on hand, with a tendency to provide all garments
plenty large. Occasionally a recruit would insist that the surplus in
his denim overalls left no need for a jumper but that was not for him
to decide. The supply sergeant checked ahead, " Two shirts O. D.,
one trouser denim, one jumper, etc." This was no time for argu-
ment. Civilian clothing was not allowed inside the barracks. It
must either be sent home or turned over to the Belgian Relief Com-
mission. True to the letter of the order commanding " immediate
drill," men arriving in the morning were taken out to the drill field
in the afternoon; and those arriving in the evening were in line the
following morning.
By September 19, when the forty per cent increment arrived (ap-
proximately one hundred twenty-five additional men per company),
the system of assigning new men to the different companies had been
perfected. Each company now drew its own equipment allowance
from the Supply Company and issued directly to its own men. The
first uniform was blue denim overalls and jumper; non-commis-
sioned officers wore the regulation uniform. With this exception
every man, whatever his previous standing or condition of servitude,
wore the same uniform and passed through the same military chan-
nels.
The new companies were now up to previous war-strength.
Training began in earnest. Reports from foreign fields quickened
interest and effort. German successes in Russia, the beginning of the
great offensive against the Italians, fixed attention on the enemy.
Reports of Americans at the Front appealed as S. O. S. signals to the
National Army men. The question uppermost in the minds of all
was, " How long will training last?"
But more important at this time than the length of training period
w T as the content of the program. Military authorities were agreed
that new methods and organization must be devised to nleet the con-
ditions of modern warfare. Adaptation had already begun in the
divisions over sea. But the results were still too new to warrant the
formulation of a general plan for the entire American Army. Re-
cruit drill, target practice and open warfare were problems unusual
only in the time allowed for their completion. But just how training
Training, Organization, and Equipment in Camp Funston 9
in the new arms of infantry service, trench warfare, and, above all,
the organization of the larger units were to be accomplished re-
mained for the experiences of the future to decide.
The Division Plan, in conformity with War Department Instruc-
tion, called for the completion of recruit training within six weeks.
On this basis, Brig. Gen. Frank L. Winn formulated a program for
the 177th Brigade, composed of the 353rd and 354th Regiments of the
Infantry. This program allotted the total number of hours from
week to week for each subject. Lieutenant-Colonel Hawkins set the
periods of instruction for each day. When the Companies moved
out over Sheridan Point to the For sy the Canyon drill ground on
October 4, 1917, Company Commanders carried the following sched-
ule:
1st Period.— The Advance. (Pars. 212-220. I. D. R.)
2nd Period. — Setting Up Exercises.
3rd and 4th Periods. — Squad Drill. (Close Order.).
5th and 6th Periods. — English Bayonet Work.
7th Period.— Squad Drill, Close Order.
8th Period. — Practical Guard Duty.
9th and 10th Periods.— First Aid.
11th Period. — Duties of Messengers.
12th Period.— Squad Drill.
13th Period. — Recreation — Athletic.
It is easy to understand the monotony involved in the steps of
these Schedules for men who had no view of the plan in which the
Schedules figured.
Other conditions, too, were far from favorable to the most rapid
progress. Equipment continued to be short. On October 14, 1917,
the Regimental Bulletin contained this note:
"The Brigade Commander directs that beginning October
15, 1917, every Company march out to drill equipped either
with rifles (Krags) or wooden guns. 9
»
On November 2nd, this notice was received in a Bulletin from
Division Headquarters:
" No information can be given as to how soon automatic
pistols or revolvers will be available for issue. No requests
should be made for same until notified that a supply has been
received. The same applies to saddles and horse equipment.
99
Barrack buildings planned for one hundred fifty men now were
crowded with two hundred. As a result of this congestion various
diseases made their appearance. But in spite of the inevitable mo-
notony of drill, lack of equipment and disease, determined effort
soon manifested itself in the military appearance of the new organi-
zation.
10 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
During the first six weeks, training was uniform throughout the
entire Regiment. Every man was kept busy on Infantry Drill as per
Infantry Drill Regulations. Divisional Plans, dated November 5,
1917, added several new objectives for the next period. Schools —
Divisional, Regimental, Battalion and Company — were organized.
Instruction was begun in the French language, bayonet fighting.
Bayonet Training, Camp Funston.
grenade throwing, field fortifications, automatic rifles, and scouting.
Members of the French and British Missions had arrived in Camp.
These Officers had all been in the war since " fourteen." They could
see little value in close order drill; modern warfare demanded
" specialists." Emphasis shifted from drill to instruction. Each
group of specialists formed a school. Another objective of the Di-
visional Plan was " the excavation of a Divisional Trench System on
Carpenter Hill." Before the end of November a third objective in-
cluded the construction of a detention camp for recruits on Pawnee
Flats. Scheduled advance on a single objective had become monot-
onous; detail advance on four objectives proved bewildering.
In their efforts to supply details for all of these objectives, Com-
pany Commanders found schedules impossible. The following list
was ordered for November 19, 1917:
1. Twelve carpenters, twelve laborers and six plumbers will re-
port to officer in charge of Detention Camp construction.
Pawnee Flats.
2. The following with full complement of officers will report to
engineer in charge at Carpenter Hill: Companies "D," "E,"
and one-half of " C."
Training, Organization, and Equipment in Camp Funston 11
3. Fatigue details: eleven men to report to Truck Company;
five men to report to Y. M. C. A.
When the guard and school details were added to this list, few
were left on the drill grounds. To the men advancing on these
varied objectives the Division Plan seemed to violate the Field Ser-
vice Regulation. "Avoid undue extension and dispersion." But this
" extension and dispersion " of effort, like congestion in barracks
and shortage of equipment, were problems which arose out of the
national policy of " preparedness " rather than out of the intentions
of the Divisional Plan.
Meanwhile the range of one hundred targets had been completed
in early December. All details were called in for target practice;
organizations were reformed and the drive toward this new objective
began with enthusiasm. General Pershing had emphasized the im-
portance of target practice in a cablegram from France:
i
" Longer experience and conditions in France confirms my
opinion highly important Infantry soldiers should be excellent
shots. Our allies now fully realize this deficiency in rifle train-
ing. Therefore, strongly renew my previous recommendation
that all troops be given complete course in rifle practice before
leaving United States."
No part of military training appealed to the men so strongly as
rifle shooting. The march to the range was full six miles over a
hard macadamized road. Pit details had been sent ahead by truck
and were ready for action when the battalions arrived. All day
long the firing continued in shifts, without a stop until the light
grew too dim, when the return march was made. But interest in
scores seemed to overcome hardships. Officers of the Foreign Mis-
sions admitted that the soldiers of the Middle West were more expert
at the beginning of practice than the average British or French sol-
diers were at its close. The campaigns show even more tellingly the
effectiveness of the American soldier with his favorite weapon.
Target practice was completed early in the new year, 1918, and
advance on the various objectives resumed. Digging on Carpenter
Hill was hard work and slow progress. After the first foot or two
the tough clay soil had to be picked loose. In some sectors rocks
were near the surface. Fortunately a number of the men in the
353rd Infantry were miners. Digging, for them, was a welcome
variation in the schedule. Generally, the men had to wait for the
inspiration of machine-gun rattle and the burst of H. £. to really
" dig in " after the first foot. Simulated occupation of trenches
added a bit of interest temporarily, but it was evident already that
"position" warfare did not appeal to these men of the National
Army. Schools flourished in even greater variety. Emphasis upon
discipline, courtesy, and uniform were the orders of the day. The
best results appeared in the improved physical condition of the men.
12 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
Medical and dental surgeons worked over-time to sort out the " phy-
sically unfit for rigorous over-sea service " and to keep down dis-
ease in camp. Those who were scarcely able to survive the day's
work three months before now finished with "pep." While the
new soldiers were still a bit uncertain as to just how they would
lick the German, they felt abundantly able to tackle the proposition
without further delay.
Continued transfers seemed to indicate that the hope of Ameri-
can soldiers to remain in their own outfits was all in vain. Both of-
ficers and men grasped eagerly the instruction of the foreign repre-
sentatives. American officers lined up to do the bidding of foreign
non-commissioned officers. Anything to learn the game — but they
were heart and soul with General Pershing in his insistence upon an
American Army and an American sector for American troops. How-
ever, when General Pershing placed all of the American forces at the
disposal of Marshal Foch in the critical days of the great German
Offensive, the American soldiers were strong in their approval.
The Divisional Plan for February contained provision for or-
ganizations in training. Instruction in the various schools had been
up until this time of an individual nature. Companies and battalions
were now detailed in their entirety. General Orders Number 16,
89th Division announced :
" (1) Commencing Monday, February 11th, one Company
of Infantry in each battalion will be detailed for instruction in
infantry specialties under the general supervision of the Direc-
tor of Divisional Schools. (2) This company, complete with
its officers and effective enlisted personnel will report at such
hours and at such places as ordered by the Director of Division-
al Schools, for work under allied specialists assisted by the
graduates of the Divisional Schools."
»>
In compliance with this order Companies " C," " D," and " G
of the 353rd Infantry were designated for the first turn at intensive
training on Smoky Hill Flats.
In at least two respects this training fulfilled its purpose — in-
tensity and organization. The Companies were lined up at the west
gate of the Camp before sun-up and marched to Smoky Hill Flats, a
distance of approximately five miles. At 8:45 a. m. the work began —
bayonet training, grenade throwing, automatic rifle practice, trench
and combat formations in unbroken succession. Here the men
threw live grenades and did their first firing with the Chauchat
Rifle. Kitchen forces, too, had their first experience in cooking on
a field range. Company officers observed at "Attention." At four-
thirty the return march was begun and entrance to camp was made
under cover of darkness. When inquiry was made of the men about
the new work, they replied, " You'll be glad to see Camp Funston be-
fore the week is over."
Training, Organization, and Equipment in Camp Funston 13
Perhaps the most important part of the work was the effort toward
platoon and company organization. Men were picked for special
training according to their fitness. Each group of specialists was
marked with brassards and arranged in platoons. An attempt was
then made to deploy in depth as well as interval. When Captain
Bloc of the French Mission directed, "Advance in leetle columns at
twenty paces side by each," he was asked, "What's the command
and how do you execute?" It seemed too indefinite for a corporal
to command, " Follow me " and move out with his men. And the
opinion was prevalent that, in this particular, the Americans would
do well to keep their own battle formation. As a matter of fact,
formal drill was in conflict with modern, battle-field tactics.
These exercises revealed the need of emphasis upon more prac-
tical organization. Increase in the number of men in the different
units and modern equipment demanded new formations and new
methods of control. Instead of one hundred fifty men and three
officers per company, there were now two hundred fifty men and
six officers. In addition to rifles the infantrymen carried hand and
rifle grenades, automatic rifles, bolos, and trench knives. Coordina-
tion and control of this increased personnel and these various arms
of the Infantry Service appeared now as the problem of the future.
The solution of the problem came with the gradual development
of leadership and team-work. Lack of experience on the part of
non-commissioned officers at the beginning of training centered full
responsibility upon officers. Officers had been occupied with de-
tails of instruction, police, and paper work. They had been forced
to command rather than direct. Frequent transfers of personnel
had contributed to this result. But now the " old men," those marked
" indispensibles," began to shoulder the burdens. Repetition taught
these men the game thoroughly and close association with the of-
ficers brought about full understanding. Bulletin Number 97, Head-
quarters, 89th Division, May 19, 1918, came as an inspiration in this
direction :
" The Commanding General, A. E. F., has recommended that
more stress be laid upon the responsibility of the non-commis-
sioned officers. They will be imbued with the habit of com-
mand; they will be given schooling and prestige to enable them
to replace at once casualities among commissioned officers."
And when the Regiment was finally brought up to war strength
in May, 1918, the basis of the organization and its morale was laid
in the loyalty and mutual understanding of the officers and non-
commissioned officers. Fortunately, too, the replacements came
into the hands of the non-commissioned officers in the detention
camps before they met their future officers in the Companies. This
experience fixed for all time and conditions the confidence of the
officers and non-commissioned officers in themselves and each
other.
14 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
When the 353rd Infantry boarded trains at Camp Funston on
May 26th, its equipment was still incomplete; its training was still
unfinished; and its organization untried. Every opportunity on the
drill ground, in the schools, at the target range, in the trenches on
Carpenter Hill, and on the training field of Smoky Hill Flats had
been improved. Both officers and men realized the inadequacy of
their preparation. But the call was accepted with enthusiasm in
spite of the fact that these were the darkest days in the World War
for the Allied cause.
Comradeship and Recreation
The campaign record of the 353rd Infantry testifies to the efforts
made by the Regiment to-reach the objectives of the Division Train-
ing Plans. Lieutenant-Colonel Hawkins specified in his Training
Schedules the beginning and ending of each instruction period and
checked its execution on the drill field. He had no sympathy with
variations from Infantry Drill Regulations. " Letter perfect " was
the requirement in explanation; "cheerful and immediate" in exe-
cution. Any uncertainty or tendency to simply " get there " was
halted on the spot. In Squads Right the right flank man in the front
rank mast "face to the right in marching and mark time"; the other
front rank men must " oblique to the right, place themselves abreast
The Kansas Building, Camp Funston.
of the pivot and mark time; men of the new line mast glance toward
the marching flank while marking lime and as the last man arrives
on the line, execute, FORWARD, MARCH without command." The
movement was diagrammed and demonstrated and repeated again
and again until habit allowed no error in execution.
Exercises in minor tactics made up in aggressiveness where they
lacked in accuracy. Both sides claimed the victory in many blood-
less campaigns around Morris Hill. " You're a prisoner " was an-
swered by " I killed you half an hour ago." In victory or defeat the
intelligent thing consistent with the aggressive execution of the gen-
eral plan was expected of every officer and man in the Regiment.
But the preparation of the 353rd Infantry for service included
more than was written in Training Plans and Field Orders. Colonel
16 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
Reeves knew the value of recreation and comradeship. He insisted
that soldiers must be broad, loyal men before they could be good
fighters and that provision for the development of these qualities
was as necessary as the manual of arms.
This broad policy was made effective in the Regiment through
the co-operation of the entire personnel. Officers' Conference fol-
lowed the close of each day's work. A Non-commissioned Officers'
Committee composed of representatives of each company met at
least once a week for council along co-operative lines. These meet-
ings were open and every valuable suggestion received encourage-
ment. From these conferences and committee meetings the officers
and non-commissioned officers carried the plans back to the en-
listed men in the barracks. And whatever concerned the welfare of
the 353rd Infantry came to be the personal responsibility of every
man in the Regiment.
The end of the first month saw the institution of the monthly
dinner for officers. This dinner was held on October 5th in the
mess hall of Company "C" barracks. General Wood and General
Winn were the guests of honor. General Wood was the speaker of
the evening. This was the first opportunity that the officers of the
353rd Infantry had to get into touch with the Division Commander.
The General spoke plainly and frankly.
" You men," he said, " need to get together. You are going
to have to live under conditions that will make you absolutely
dependent upon one another. Some of you are going to be
called upon to make the supreme sacrifice and others must go
on sacrificing."
Thus he brought to the officers of the Regiment a vision of the
task ahead. These occasions grew in favor as the 5th of each suc-
ceeding month saw the assembly of the officers together.
In order to extend these benefits to the entire Regiment and to
provide a meeting place for the men with their relatives and friends,
the " Kansas Building " was projected. Governor Capper took a
leading interest in the movement and subscribed the first $100 on
October 26, 1918. Captain Masseck, the Regimental Adjutant, assist-
ed by Sergt. R. E. Lewis, brought the proposition home to the people
of Kansas. Support was generous in every section of the state.
Subscriptions ranged in amounts from a few cents to several hun-
dred dollars. On November 5, 1917, the Regimental Bulletin an-
nounced, " Construction of the Regimental Building is begun."
Officers and enlisted men of the Regiment did the work. Segt.
Samuel E. Barnes of Headquarters Company drew the plans; Capt.
Robert K. Schutt was the engineer in charge. On January 15,1918,
the massive structure — 96 feet wide and 236 feet long with a seating
capacity of 4000 — was dedicated to the welfare of Kansas men, with
speeches by notable Kansas citizens and camp officials. This achieve-
ment was not only a matter of pride to the men of the Regiment but
a revelation of the support on the part of the people back home.
Comradeship and Recreation 17
A permanent committee of non-commissioned officers was ap-
pointed to take charge of all activities in the building. Segt. Lloyd
£. Craig was chairman of this committee; Captain Masseck and Chap.
Otis E. Gray were ex-officio members. There was but one require-
ment with regard to the use of the building and that was summed up
in the general order, " Treat this building as your home."
The first important social event was the appearance of the St.
Louis Symphony Orchestra, accompanied by Madam Schumann-
Heink, the latter generously giving her services. Four concerts were
given on January 30 and 31, 1918. These entertainments were made
possible by the patriotic spirit of the musicians. Max Zach (Con-
ductor) came to Camp Funston with the Orchestra. Not only did
the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra donate its services, but, in addi-
tion, allowed an appeal to be made at a regular Saturday concert in
St. Louis, and as a result of this appeal $1060 was collected to help
defray expenses. Of this amount the musicians themselves gave
$300. The contribution of Madam Schumann-Heink was no less gen-
erous. To the soldiers who had been shut up in the routine of camp
life for five months, this entertainment appealed as the finest favor
yet received from the co-operating forces of civilian life.
The enlisted men held open house for the first time from 1 to
5 p. m. on February 9th. Parents, brothers, sisters, sweethearts,
wives and children were the guests of the Regiment. The band
never played so well and refreshments came along in true Western
style. On these occasions acquaintance between the men broadened
to their loved ones at home and the spirit of comradeship grew
stronger with the deeper appreciation of common problems and
sacrifices.
Of equal importance with these greater occasions were the local
gatherings that took place between times. Boxing, athletic contests,
band concerts and Company entertainments helped to break the mo-
notony of drill and study. Some objection was raised against
"marching to church on Sunday evenings"; but this objection died
out promptly when Colonel Reeves proposed that the question be put
up to the home folks for decision. Continued association in these
various activities developed deep concern for the welfare of each
man. On the march, in the hospital, wherever he happened to be, a
man in the 353rd Infantry was never a cog in a machine — he was a
fellowman.
Perhaps the finest results of this large policy appeared in the re-
ceptions given to the men transferred for over-sea service. The first
one was announced in the Regimental Bulletin February 28, 1918, as
follows :
"There will be a smoker in the Regimental Building at 7
o'clock this evening to be attended by the entire Regiment. The
guests of honor will be the 504 men who are to be transferred
over-seas. Transferred men and alternates will be massed di-
rectly in front of the stage. The Regimental Commander re-
18 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
quests every man of the regiment to be present. Company com-
manders will co-operate to assure a full attendance. The non-
commissioned officers' committee will prepare refreshments."
When the transferred men appeared, they were given a soldier's
ovation. " Get 'em, Bill " and " Tear 'em up. Jack " were mingled
with the growls of bayonet drill. And then by way of assurance, all
joined in on "We're Coming Over And We Won't Come Back Till It's
Over Over There." In order to make the occasion more substantial
each transferred man received a dollar out of his Company Fund to
cheer him on his way. The final separation was more like breaking
home ties than a military transfer.
This policy, carefully cultivated at first, grew to be the strongest
tradition of the Regiment and bore its finest fruits of self-sacrifice
on the battlefields. When Lieutenant Wray fell on the morning of
September 12th, Stretcher Bearers Homes and Lamson rushed to his
aid at the cost of their own lives. It was this same policy that ac-
counted for the presence of every man on the day before the advance
of November 1st, and made the last check complete when (he records
of the Begiment were turned over.
CHAPTER IV.
Getting " Over There
*»
By the spring of 1918 the 353rd Infantry began to feel quite at
home in Camp Funston. The men were now well acquainted. Im-
provement added immensely to the comfort of the quarters. Every
Company had its victrola, and most Companies a small collection of
books. Organizations vied with each other in their efforts to beauti-
fy the Camp. Trees were being planted; sidewalks were in the proc-
ess of construction. The Machine Gun Company had hauled in sod
with their carts and were planning a lawn about their barracks; line
Companies, not so fortunate in transportation were sowing grass
seed. Of course training was still strenuous but the conditioning
process had done its work well. Everybody was feeling fit and en-
joying life.
To this home-like atmosphere was added a feeling of security;
immediate service seemed out of question. The transfers had left
only skeleton organizations and replacements were not yet in sight.
And then, too, reports kept coming in that ships would not be avail-
able for a long time to come. " It looks as if we are going to do our
bit in Camp Funston," was the general opinion among the officers
and men.
On April 27, Colonel Reeves called a meeting of Company Com-
manders at 2 p. m. The hour itself signified something of unusual
importance. When the Company Commanders arrived, Sergeant
Major Davis-and the non-commissioned staff carefully retired out of
hearing distance; the doors were shut and the roll called. This was
a secret meeting. The Colonel's message was brief and to the point.
"We're going over soon; make your plans accordingly." To these
Company Commanders this message was more impressive than the
Declaration of the War had been several months before. By some
strange psychological process the announcement of news like this
carries the individual directly to scenes of activity. All of the inter-
mediate steps are erased and he stands in a moment face to face with
the realities of future months. The Chronicler wrote, " The men
were more serious than happy; more determined than eager." Not
a word leaked out but the enlisted men read the news in the faces
of their Company Comamnders as soon as the meeting was over.
Startling changes in the Training Plan and the routine of camp
added to the intensity of the situation. The big maneuver was called
off; and the Regiment was ordered to the rifle range to stay until
every man had finished the qualification course. Non-commissioned
officers were sent to the Detention Camp to drill the future replace-
ment of the Regiment. Leaves and passes were allowed only to men
whose relatives could not come to camp, and four days was the limit.
Excitment ran high and rumors flourished.
On May 18th a copy of this War Department telegram reached
Regimental Headquarters :
20 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
CONFIDENTIAL Washington, D. C. f May 16, 1918.
Commanding General, 89th Division,
Camp Funston, Kansas.
Send troops now at your camp reported ready and equipped
for over-sea service to Port of Embarkation, Hoboken, N. J. Ar-
range time of arrival and other details directly with the Com-
mander of Port Have inspections made to de-
termine if Organizations and individuals are properly supplied
with serviceable clothing, equipment and medical supplies. Re-
port of result shall be made by telegram. Leave all alien ene-
mies behind.
(Signed) — McCain.
In his endorsement, General Wood added, "Officers and enlisted
men will be required to work without regard to hours in order to
prepare organization for shipment." When this telegram was re-
ceived, the Regiment was encamped at the target range five miles
away. Most of the non-commissioned officers were on detached
service. Of course, the exact date of entrainment was not given but
passenger cars were being spotted by the scores on the switch above
Camp Funston. The Regiment must get ready on a few hours no-
tice to move with the Division.
Orders came thick and fast, but directions were vague. "What
are we to take?" was the first question. In a conference with Cap-
tain Piatt the following classification was received : " Light Bag-
gage, Heavy Baggage, and Freight." The dividing line between the
members of this classification varied with succeeding conferences.
When the G. I. Cans had all been labeled and numbered as Heavy
Baggage they were ordered shipped as Freight. In the meantime
these same G. I. Cans had been filled with valuable baggage which
could never go as Freight. The resulting confusion was sometimes
embarrassing as well as inconvenient. For these G. I. Cans had been
packed with forbidden articles, such as athletic equipment and of-
ficers' boots. When the boxes had been made, painted, stenciled,
packed, measured, weighed and nailed up, the problem arose of
" turning in " the surplus accumulation of many months. After it
had all been turned in several times there was still Government prop-
erty hanging on the walls, in the store rooms, and many other places
that had been carefully policed.
The main task these days was equipping the men. Truck loads
were hauled out to the rifle range and truck loads were hauled back
to be "turned in." The Supply Company insisted on receipts and
Company Commanders signed with fear and trembling. Supply
Sergeants were the busiest men in the Camp these days. They emp-
tied barrack bags and " turned in " what they considered disallowed
for over-seas service and substituted according to Equipment " C."
Sizes ran odd as usual and when the men returned Supply Sergeants
were the most unpopular men in the Regiment. But this was war,
and " Orders were Orders."
Getting Over There 21
Officers, too, were required to complete their equipment imme-
diately. Lists of articles seemed to vary with the stock of different
business concerns; folding chairs, rubber bath tubs, folding lanterns,
linen collars were rated as essential to life in the trenches. Ameri-
can officers would associate with foreign officers and they must
maintain creditable appearance. It was said that a British officer
standing in the mud to his waist was, nevertheless, a gentleman from
his waist up. And so the officers of the 353rd Infantry spared no
pains or money to complete their equipment which was destined for
the store houses of Gievres until long after the Armistice was signed.
These matters of equipment and baggage were by no means all
of the difficulties that had to be overcome in breaking Camp for
France. Alien enemies had to be hunted out of the personnel and
" conscientious objectors " transferred to other organizations.
Those unfit for over-seas service must be examined and sent to
Remedial Battalions. Not a few cases of Tachycardia, epilepsy, and
even broken arches and rheumatism developed under the strain of
actual departure. Time was well on now toward the end of the
month; pay and muster rolls were due; passenger lists must be ready
upon arrival at the Port of Embarkation, but these could be prepared
on the train. When the final police was completed, every officer
and man was anxious to clear out. Life in France might be more
dangerous but it could not be more strenuous.
Eight trains were allotted to the 353rd Infantry, approximately
one train for two companies. Loading began on May 25th; strictest
secrecy was enjoined upon all; under no consideration was any one
to breathe the name of his organizations or the Gamp where it had
trained; no letters were to be mailed from the train. In spite of all
these warnings and precautions, crowds were at the stations to cheer
the soldiers on their way and when no one was looking some appre-
ciative American girl would carefully collect all out-going mail. The
route ran through Kansas City, St. Louis, Frankfort, Cleveland, and
Buffalo to Hoboken, New Jersey. This was the first trip across the
country for many of the men. Intensive cultivation was on in the
country and cities were doubly busy with the rush of war-time in-
dustry. "A man can afford to fight for a country like this," was the
growing conviction as the train rolled on.
The climax of interest came with the trip down the Hudson from
Hoboken to Long Island station. Here were the things all had heard
about: the tallest building in the world; Brooklyn Bridge; war ships
— the activity expressive of the life of the nation's greatest port.
Evening brought the 353rd Infantry to Camp Mills. Life here
proved to be a continuation of the last days of Camp Funston; cor-
porals checked and rechecked each man's equipment. Final inspec-
tion still revealed many articles lacking. But there was no time to
wait longer. Pay rolls had to be computed and passenger lists com-
pleted. Twenty-four-hour passes to New York City furnished fine
diversion. Life in the metropolis was fascinating to these men of the
Middle-West. There was a great deal of satisfaction in viewing the
22 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
city in uniform. Consciousness of rural origin faded out and the
men were able to look at the sights as hard as they pleased without
attracting attention.
In the midst of these final preparations came the word that Gen-
eral Wood had been ordered to return to Camp Funston. This news
cast more gloom into the camp than the reports of submarine ac-
tivities. Officers and men felt in his transfer from the division the
loss of a personal friend as well as an able commander. But it was
with a feeling of pride that they read his farewell on the bulletin
boards of the camp :
" I will not say good-bye, but consider it a temporary separa-
tion — at least I hope so. I have worked hard with you and you
have done excellent work. I had hoped very much to take you
over to the other side. In fact, I had no intimation, direct or in-
direct, of any change of orders until we reached here the other
night. The orders have been changed and I am to go back to
Funston. I leave for there tomorrow morning. I wish you the
best of luck and ask you to keep up the high standard of con-
duct and work you have in the past. There isn't anything to be
said. These orders stand and the only thing to do is to do the
best we can — all of us — to win the war. That's what we are
here for; that's what you have been trained for. I shall follow
your career with the deepest interest — with just as much inter-
est as though I were with you. Good luck and God bless you."
General Winn assumed command and on June 3, 1918, embarka-
tion began — the First and Second Battalions went abroad H. M. S.
Karmala; the Third Battalion, Headquarters Company and Regiment-
al Headquarters, H. M. S. Pyrrhus; Supply Company and Machine
Gun Company on H. M. S. Caronia. Each man called his name as
he walked past the Embarkation Officer up the gang plank. In order
to expedite the loading of the ship, the men were sent on different
routes when they reached deck. Consequently all were mixed in the
holds called " compartments " below. It seemed impossible for the
required numbers to get into the space allotted, much less to live
there. But officers and men must stay below until the ship was com-
pletely loaded. Shouts of "Air," " Let me out," came up through the
hatches. " Stay down," was the order. Every man was soon busy
fixing his hammock to the hooks in the ceiling and adjusting his life
belt, assuring himself of whatever comfort and safety was available
for the voyage.
The next morning, June 4, 1918, found the ships still at the piers.
" Could it be that the submarines have us bottled up?" Nine ships
had been reported sunk off the Jersey coast the day before. " No,
the firemen have gone on a strike." Unless volunteer firemen could
be secured from among the soldiers the transport fleet might be tied
up indefinitely. Several railroad and Great Lakes firemen stepped
out of the ranks and volunteered their services. By 1 :30 p. m. full
steam was up and the voyage was begun.
Getting Over There 23
The convoy included one British cruiser, several submarine
chasers and two sea planes. In a few minutes the Statue of Lib-
erty was out of sight. When would we see her again! As soon as
the ship had cleared the harbor the men came up on deck. The few
English-speaking men of the crew were busy answering questions.
The letters H. M. S. meant "His Majesty's Ship." "Yes, sir, she's a
British ship." She had been in the India freight service. Her true
character, " Tramp Ship " came out a little later. Port side was on
the right, star board on the left as you faced the direction in which
the ship was going. It was hard to get the decks all straight. The
crew was made up of Portuguese and East Indians. But this was
not the time to be wandering around over the ship. If ever, now,
Safety First.
The lives of all depended upon strict compliance with ship in-
structions. No lights were to be shown at night. No rubbish of
any kind was to be thrown overboard. No smoking on deck after
dark. In addition to the regular guards there would be submarine
guards, life boat, and raft crews. Officers took turn in the compart-
ments. Abandon-ship drill, when each organization took to its own
station on deck, came every day and then appeared regular drill,
physical inspection, and bathing schedules. This trip over the sea
promised to be more busy than interesting.
When morning came land was out of sight. It was cool. The
ships in checkered formation were taking a far northern course.
Location was still either a secret or a mystery; but those who kept
the late watches declared that there was no darkness. The more
imaginative spoke no longer of " Over There " but of the land of the
Midnight Sun. Only two other ships came in sight during the voy-
age. Submarine guards promptly reported them to the bridge.
Rifle men stood ready to open fire and the gunner "aft" seemed
anxious to try out his depth bomb. He declared that if he could
place his shot within a hundred yards of the periscope, the danger
of that particular submarine would be over. But these were friend-
ly ships; not a submarine came in sight. Nevertheless, everyone
breathed more easily when the British escorts of seven torpedo de-
stroyers came out on the morning of June 14, to convoy the fleet
down through the Irish sea to Liverpool.
This was said to be the " danger zone"; occasional masts stick-
ing out of the water supported the statement. But here was Ireland
on the right, Scotland and England on the left. Many a man caught
his first glimpse of the land of his father. It was no use to try to
keep down any longer. Evening brought the transport fleet into
the harbor. Ferry loads of civilians cheered and welcomed the sol-
diers, but the city was dark and there was still one more night to
spend aboard ship.
Sunday morning, June 16th, debarkation began. Each company
went directly to its station in the abandon-ship order. Anxiety added,
to the results of drill, cleared the ship in a few minutes. A short
march brought the companies to the waiting trains. Loading the
24 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
trains was accomplished in a few minutes; groups of thirty occupied
the coaches. Each man received a message from the King as he
entered. And the little train with more exertion than speed wound
its way through Manchester, Sheffield, and Oxford to Winchester,
the first Capital of England. Along the way women and children
and old men waved welcome to the shouting soldiers. Whenever the
train stopped groups of children yelled " Pennies " at the top of
their voices. At first it seemed difficult for these war-worn civilians
to understand the enthusiasm of the Americans. But in a moment
they read the significance of their coming to the common cause; and
the welcome equalled the heartiness of the greeting. The train
pulled up unexpectedly. It was still dark outside but the march to
Camp Winnal-Down must be begun at once. The camp was four
miles away and the packs were heavy. One man mused, " Good
thing my feet are flat or this pack would sink me through to China."
The guide mentioned rather incidentally that Winnal-Down was a
" Rest Camp." These words traveled back through the weary ranks
in an instant, and the step quickened without command.
" Rest Camp ! if ever words expressed the needs of a longing soul,
these are the words," repeated a weary doughboy as he gazed fixed-
ly ahead and bent a little farther into the straps of his pack. Under
this spur every man reached the objective in time for breakfast. The
long train ride followed by the march to camp over the unyielding
roads brought back appetites that had been lost on the ocean. " Top
Critters," who knew the insides of soldiers, directed with a great
deal of satisfaction. "Make it snappy, men, for breakfast." Down at
the mess hall a few minutes later all eyes turned on him for an ex-
planation. This piece of bacon and gravy, this bit of oatmeal and
these few swallows of coffee, with no chances for seconds, could
never be meant for breakfast. Meanwhile, Company Commanders
had been warned to explain the situation to the men. Food shortage
was a reality; submarines had taken their toll of British shipping.
Every particle of the ground, even under the eaves of buildings was
under cultivation. The people were suffering; it was up to the
American soldiers to " carry on " and they did it without another
word of complaint.
On the second day, drill schedules appeared. Evidently there was
some mistake about the new Rest Camp. Battalions marched out
until they came to open fields. On every hand were signs of the
struggle that England was making for her life. Hospitals over-
flowed with sick and wounded. Youthful Britishers were learning
the mechanism of artillery drill. Aeroplanes circled high overhead.
The American soldier remembered the recent statement issued by
Sir Douglas Haig: "Our backs are to the wall; every Englishman
must fight to the last." It was plain now; there could be no Rest
Camp in such a crisis of the Allied Cause.
The effect on the morale of the English people of the recent re-
verses combined with food shortage was overwhelming. Even the
soldiers were discouraged. A sergeant in charge of the mess hall
Getting Over There 25
told the men, " We are licked. I was over when that German drive
began. There's no use trying to hold 'em. We are licked, I tell you,
and you'll be licked, too. You should have been here long before
this." Orders followed forbidding conversations with the discour-
aged Tommies. Aside from this unfortunate incident relations be-
tween Americans and British were cordial.
Camp restrictions, however, were severe. Some Yanks imme-
diately preceding the arrival of the 353rd Infantry had torn up the
town in Winchester. Staid Englishmen told how these uncouth men
threw a lariat around the neck of the Statue of King Arthur, "In-
deed they were a boisterous lot!" As a result of their hilarity, passes
to Winchester could be had for groups only and an officer must be
in charge of each group. No one was allowed to go to London.
"This was not a touring party." Thus were the Americans, again
impressed with obligations and duties of a soldier.
But the men could improve the time in writing letters. It was
impossible, however, to write all that happened; and the things that
were most important, the censor would be sure to mark out. In-
structions forbade the following as " dangerous information." 1,
Place in which letters were written; 2, Organizations, numbers and
movements of troops; 3, Morale and physical conditions of our own
or Allied Troops; 4, Details regarding supplies. What was there that
could be safely said!
Hardly had the Regiment become settled in camp and accom-
plished a satisfactory police when orders came to move to South-
hampton on June 21st. New scenes and new conditions flashed be-
fore the mind these days like the changes on a moving picture screen.
Fascination of new experiences was fast growing on the doughboys
and they welcomed the order with "Where do we go from here?" To-
ward dusk all went aboard for France. It was a fine-looking ship,
built for speed; she was long and slender and set well down into the
water. Smoke rolled out of two stacks. The captain told of her
speed and related with pride how he had rammed a hostile subma-
rine. Some of the pieces of the craft were on exhibit. His story was
not very cheering to the Americans; and the Britisher turned away
discouraged with the foreigners* appreciation of his humor. How-
ever, France was just across the channel, and this little trip would be
something of a moonlight excursion.
Another disillusionment was in store for the men of the 353rd
Infantry. Never before had they been so crowded together. There
were no sleeping accommodations. That was little hardship, for the
violent rocking of the ship soon caused all to seek convenient rather
than comfortable quarters. Men who had boasted of weathering the
Atlantic now yielded to the humiliating inclination imposed by this
little excursion across the channel. Suddenly submarine chasers
swarmed around the ship. A sailor upon the bridge is signalling to
one of the chasers; how fast he delivers his message. It doesn't
seem difficult for him. Darkness begins to set in, and instead of
wig-wag flags, blinkers are used. It suddenly sinks in that there must
26 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
be something important going on, else why this continued exchange
of messages? At the same moment, the ship makes a quick turn,
heading back over the course just run, with full steam up. The
chaser ahead draws up, and remains. The blackness of night has
settled. One after another long streaks of light are brought into
play, irregularly criss-crossed as some lead toward the skies while
others stretch out over the water. In the distance is visible, at regu-
lar intervals, a burst of flame followed by the thunderous boom of the
naval guns. An attack is on; evidently submarines. Interest in-
creased as the ship again put out to sea while the excitement of the
battle was at its highest. These troops were needed at the front;
the men of the Navy would see that they landed safely " Over There."
Early morning brought the first glimpse of France; the good ship
landed at Le Havre. Directly astern a large hospital transport was
being loaded with allied wounded. With their long slender bayon-
ets fixed on their rifles, poilus walking guard down on the docks,
looked invincible. An uphill march to another Rest Camp five miles
away began immediately. German prisoners of war stopped their
work to gaze at the passing columns, and then fell-to again as if they
were glad of their present occupation. In the city, crowds of French
children followed, crying, " Biskwee," " Penny," " Souvenir." The
new comers passed out their pennies and hard bread in spite of the
remonstrances of the elders looking on from the curbings.
Experiences in this new Rest Camp banished for all time from
the minds of the men illusions as to real significance of such institu-
tions. On the following morning mess sergeants prepared a cold
lunch to be taken along in the evening. Another march back to Le
Havre and all were loaded in French cars. Each car was labeled,
" Hommes 40, Cheveaux 8." By combining the situation with their
meager knowledge of the French language, the men gathered the
meaning of this label and accepted it in the same terms — C'est la
guerre." In a few minutes, " ba-ba-ma-ma-a-a- " came from one end
of the long train to the other. We were off!
No one, not even the Train Commander, knew the destination.
For hours and hours the train rolled on through Rouen, within sight
of Eifel Tower, through Troye, to the Reynel Training Area of the
American Expeditionary Forces. A month had been spent in mak-
ing the trip. More than 5,000 miles had been covered. Another
month and these men from the heart of America would be on the
fighting line in France.
CHAPTER V.
With Regimental Headquarters and the First Battalion
in Manois
The arrival at Manois gave the soldiers their first opportunity for
studying a typical French village. This one lay almost in the center
of Haute Marne Department, about midway between Chaumont and
Neufchateau. Under the balmy June sun the surrounding green-
cloaked hills or even the little field containing rows of barracks
ready for occupation afforded a much more pleasing spectacle than
the village itself, with its dirty streets through which cattle roamed
at will. The rows of stone buildings seemed to represent the archi-
tectural skill and labor of the dark ages; at any rate, it represented
nothing modern. Living rooms and cow stables were all one build-
ing. Wooden ladders led from the street below up to a second
story hole-in-the-wall, and piles of manure made up the front yards.
Manois had, undoubtedly, been a very quiet, sleepy village through
the ages. Almost four years of war had drained it of all the vitaliz-
ing and pulsating influences which it might ever have possessed.
The foundry just at the edge of the town was hardly in operation.
The few girls, who were working there, begrimed with soot and
dirt, looked like old bent women, as their frail, rounded shoulders
bespoke manly efforts in pushing wheelbarrows and lifting heavy
iron, that reels of wire might be turned out to meet the needs of
France.
What the entry of the Battalion meant to the history of this little
town and to the morale of the inhabitants, can be realized only after
one has had a more complete picture of the situation. Every available
man was at the Front. Not even a French soldier in uniform could
be seen on the streets. The crucial moment of the great war was at
hand; Paris was now being bombarded daily, and one could faintly
hear the distant roar of the large caliber guns as the fight waged
around Chateau Thierry. Everything looked dark and foreboding.
But now, the actual sight of American legions with their irrepressible
and dominating spirit which fairly breathed an air of victory, could
not but raise their hopes.
Colonel Reeves established Regimental Headquarters in Manois
with the First Battalion. Changes in the town began to appear im-
mediately. Streets were cleaned; small stores commenced to do
business and town people took a renewed interest in life. Every
evening the band gave concerts of popular American selections. On
one occasion French troops from the sectors of Alsace and Lorraine
were passing through the town. This meant that Americans were
quietly and effectively relieving these experienced fighters at the
Front. The troop train bound for Chateau Thierry and the North
was stopped at the depot and the concert began. The appreciation
of the troops manifested itself in hearty cheers. With greater de-
termination they looked back as the train departed; each had his hat
28 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
off and was standing at "Attention" for the " Marsellaise." These
concerts brought the civilians and soldiers together and strengthened
bonds of sympathy which made association increasingly pleasant as
the days went by.
The schedule was doubly strenuous for the First Battalion.
Scarcity of open ground resulted in the selection of a drill field upon
a very high bluff. But this was part of the hardening process of in-
tensive training. The march up to the drill field twice a day with
the hot sun beating down on the tin hats and with full packs was
more than a day's work in itself; many fell by the wayside during
the first few days. But time unfolded joys as well as hardships.
July brought the long awaited pay day. It was interesting to figure
up centimes and francs at first but when it was learned that a franc
was only nineteen cents and a centime was one one-hundreth of a
franc the American doughboys generally paid in francs and called it
square. Now they could buy fresh fruit and an occasional drop of
vin rouge to supplement the " chow." And these purchases always
included lessons in French. Mail from home brought more cheer
into camp than anything else. Every man was on hand at mail call
to shout " Yo " at the mention of his name. When the mail had all
been distributed the fortunate ones moved away to themselves and
forgot they were in France. So the days of intensive training passed
quickly by.
Scarcely two weeks had been spent in the Training Area until
the First Battalion was called to represent the 89th Division in
Chaumont. Chaumont was famous as the Headquarters of the Ameri-
can Expeditionary Forces. General Pershing with his entire staff
was located there. A visit to this city was a coveted privilege, and
the First Battalion of the 353rd Infantry was selected to parade be-
fore the Commander-in-Chief on July 14, the Independence Day of
France.
The Regimental and Battalion Commanders spared no efforts to
convince the reviewing authorities that the Regiment was ready for
front line duties. The soldier who shortly before wore canvas leg-
gings, and campaign hats with broad brim and a shoe-string chin
strap was now transformed into an up-to-date soldier with spiral
puttees and over-seas cap. The occasion itself could be depended
upon to produce the military bearing. So they set out full of con-
fidence.
The men had learned to march, and march well. It was eighteen
dusty miles from Manois to Chaumont; the sun was stiflingly hot.
Perhaps the thought of comfort was still unduly prominent in the
minds of officers when they prescribed campaign hats and shirts for
the march uniform. At any rate, a staff officer from Chaumont met
the Battalion half way and gave orders to wear blouses. " Under no
conditions would American soldiers appear in France without com-
plete uniform!" In spite of this added handicap the men "carried
on" and presented a fresh appearance in Chaumont on the evening
of July 13. " Finest lot of soldiers I have seen yet," " Think of it,
With Regimental Headquarters and the First Battalion in Manois 29
marched eighteen miles in the heat and dust with blouses and those
packs on their backs and still look fresh." Such were the comments
on all sides. These men of the 353rd Infantry had scored the first
point — they had demonstrated that they could march.
Accommodations in Chaumont were far better than the men had
been accustomed to in Manois. The clerks at Headquarters turned
over their mess. Such " chow " and such service these men of the
line had not known since leaving Camp Funston. And then, too, the
excellent baths were an improvement over the little shallow stream
in their own camp. Chaumont afforded also a splendid opportunity
to spend some of the francs for articles not available in Manois.
Everbody needed razor blades and a change from Bull Durham to-
bacco. The Y. M. C. A. had a good canteen. Several real American
girls were behind the counters. Such good company and an unusual
amount of money (in francs!) made business pleasant and interest-
ing. Officers, too, were known to walk five squares in order to in-
quire about over-seas caps which the Y. M. C. A. did not have. The
French shop keepers with their keen business sense had procured a
good supply of over-seas caps but the sizes had been under-estimated,
"Americaine head too beeg," repeated the little saleswomen in dis-
tress. In their hurry to meet the needs of customers, they had lost
sight of size, the most important condition of sale as well as service.
Incidentally, the men picked up quite a bit of information about
what was expected of them on the following day. The Marines had
been in town on this same mission just previously. Everybody was
talking about the Marines. " They've set the pace, it's up to us to
make a showing equally as good," was the mutual agreement. And
with this in mind they turned in for the night.
The big day set in bright and hot, " Here's where I ditch my
shirt," said one doughboy and the rest followed the example. They
must continue to look fresh.
The formation had all been carefully planned. As the streets
were narrow, companies marched in column of platoons of two
squads each. The Battalion was well up to war strength of one
thousand men, and the men were at their best. An Artillery Band
led the way between the lines of people and passed the grand stand.
At the command, " Eyes Right," each man " turned his head toward
the right oblique and fixed his eyes " not as required in " Infantry
Drill Regulation," "on the line of eyes of men in the same rank";
but as nearly as possible on the face of the Commander-in-Chief.
They seemed to have been too busy watching the step and line
and the position of tfceir rifles to remember how he looked. When
they returned all they could say was, " He's a soldier for you." The
comment of the General at the reception for the officers later in the
day indicated a very favorable impression. The First Battalion had
scored again. Three weeks from the day of the parade the 89th Di-
vision was called to the Front.
While on the return journey the following day, word came from
Andelot that coffee would be served at that place. Thus came into the
30 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
life of the Regiment, Mother Fitzgerald £nd Miss Heermance. It later
became impossible to tell whether they belonged to the Regiment or
whether the Regiment belonged to them. During seven long weeks
of heavy campaign, they stuck to their posts in the vicinity of Bouil-
lonville, Beney and Gesnes to serve hot chocolate and coffee to the
fighting men. They were Y. M. C. A. volunteers and served day in
and day out without even removing a shoe until Colonel Reeves sent
them back for rest. These were the good women who had sent the
message from Andelot.
As the end of the journey neared, the men suffered from lack of
water. It was hot and canteens had long since been emptied. An
order limited the supply to one canteen for the trip, this being a part
of the training for the trenches. Many became so desperate they
broke ranks at a flowing fountain in a small town and disregarded
the sign " Condemned Water."
These minor hardships led to what is known in the Army as
" crabbing." It is often said that a good soldier is identified by the
amount of " crabbing " he does. But in this war " crabbing " was
dangerous; for enemy spies were ready to pick up information. The
men of the First Battalion were surprised and humiliated by the fol-
lowing order:
General Order Number 9.
The following order is quoted for your information and
compliance :
In conversing with numerous members of the newly arrived
troops, Companies "A," " B," " C," and " D " of the 353rd In-
fantry, it was ascertained that they are only too willing to im-
part information. Full details were obtained of their trip across
the Atlantic, their wretched stay of ten days in England, cross-
ing the channel on a destroyer and an encounter en route. The
name of their camp at Manois, the conditions there (bad water,
fair food, not paid for several months, etc.), were discussed
freely between themselves. It was further ascertained that they
had not been directed to refrain discussing military matters.
Any violation of the above paragraph in the future will be
followed by the most stringent disciplinary measures.
By Order of Lieutenant-Colonel Hawkins.
C. J. Masseck,
Captain, 353rd Infantry, Adjutant.
The unfortunate incident referred to in the order occurred in
Chaumont. The men had made a good showing at the parade and
they wished to make it clear that they had done so in spite of diffi-
culties and their zeal in enhancing their triumph was charged against
them as " crabbing." They had been misunderstood but this exper-
ience taught them a lesson which they never forgot.
The arrival at Manois was followed by resumption of the strenu-
ous training schedule. Specialization began with increasing vigor.
With Regimental Headquarters and the First Battalion in Manois 31
The men fairly tore up the dummies with their bayonets. Some were
still afraid of grenades but their fear only helped them to greater
distance. No one was able to make high score with the Chauchat.
The targets looked like they had been hit by fragments of a shell;
yet the men insisted they had aimed and held the same for each shot.
The French instructors contended that the effect of this dispersion
was even more destructive to the morale of the enemy than direct
hits, but the American soldiers were never satisfied with the result
on the range and distrusted the Chauchat in campaigns. American
officers from the Army Schools versed in the latest tactics and
French officers direct from the Front were added as Regimental in-
structors. More attention was now paid to extended formations
than had been in the past but no formation was standard or final.
Each new instructor and each succeeding pamphlet brought new
combinations. All that they needed was information, and the forma-
tion took care of itself. While this instruction was indefinite and
discouraging at the time it fitted well into the requirements of future
campaigns.
The final touches of training were added in the trench system at
Dome Fe\ It was a preliminary movement to the Front. Each man
carried his own equipment. The kitchens followed and the journey
of nine miles was begun in final departure form. Each Battalion
took its place in the outpost line in support and reserve. Reliefs were
made even more conscientiously than they would ever be again at
the Front. Actual demonstration of raid and patrol helped to clear
up the theoretical instruction that had been received on the high
bluff at Manois. When the First Battalion returned, the men were
anxious to get to the front.
CHAPTER VI.
With the Second Battalion in St. Bun
At 1 o'clock on the moonlight morning of June 25, 1918, the Sec-
ond Battalion train pulled up " somewhere in France." Officers
blew their whistles and non-commissioned officers shouted, " Out-
side, make it snappy." The men rolled up their equipment, slung
packs and formed in a column of squads on the road. The question
arose immediately, "What is the name of this place?" " Gare,"
answered one as he pointed to the word written in large letters on
the building beside the track. No other buildings were visible.
Other questions followed, " Is this the end of the trip?" "Is the
Second Battalion to be dumped out here in the open fields to shift
for themselves?"
The billeting officer appeared, he explained that " Gare " was the
French word for depot, that the Battalion would be billeted in the
town of St. Blin.
When guards had been placed on the baggage the Battalion be-
gan the march to St. Blin,. two kilometers away. " Strange ain't it,
that the town is so far away from the depot?" queried the men as
they trudged along toward the new camp. The guide, who was sup-
posed to answer all questions, replied "France is different from the
United States. Towns were built over here long before railroads
were invented; when the railroad came through they couldn't hit
all the towns and the towns were built of stone and couldn't be
moved." In the midst of these queries and explanations the column
was halted in the narrow winding streets of St. Blin. The billeting
officer showed company commanders the quarters; after the men
had counted out a hundred to a building, they filed into the low
wooden barracks, where they found double-decker bunks filled with
hay. Officers hunted up the rooms that had been assigned to them
and in a few minutes the village was still again as the night.
Meanwhile trucks had delivered rations and field ranges. And
the mess sergeants and cooks, always on duty, had breakfast waiting
when morning came — the first American rations since Camp Mills,
New York. Some of the barrack bags, too, had arrived, but word
was received that all " freight " had been salvaged at the base port.
And the word " salvage " came into the technical vocabulary of the
men. The precious G. I. Cans were lost and all the heavy boxes that
had been so carefully made and painted and stenciled and packed
with so many precious things!!! Company Commanders breathed
easily for the dreaded property responsibility had ceased.
Everybody turned out after breakfast to see the village. St. Blin,
two kilometers southeast of Manois, was situated down at the foot of
a big hill. A little stream fed by springs rippled through the village
and the rocky plain to the northeast.
Peasants driving ox teams hitched to cumbersome wagons moved
slowly out to their little strips of land about the village. The old
With the Second Battalion in St. Blin 33
sheep herder stood with his faithful dog at the fork of the road. At
two blasts of his horn sheep rushed around him from all quarters.
Soon no one was left in the village of the civilian population but the
shop keepers and the wash women who beat their clothing at the
public basin. The young men were away at the Front and the young
women in the munition factory of a nearby city. The shop keepers
laughed and chatted merrily as they tried to understand the awk-
ward attempts of the American to "parlez Francais." The men
could scarcely believe that the pleasant madame who brought up the
vin rouge had a husband and three brothers buried somewhere
around Verdun.
Out along the main highway which led to Chaumont was a
strange group of men. They wore caps, a loose grayish uniform,
and heavy boots. At first sight they appeared to be German prison-
ers; but there were no guards and no one could talk to them. They
worked steadily away as if they were lost in their own thoughts.
When the foreman appeared it was easy to establish their identity.
He was a tall, fair faced young man with all the marks of the Rus-
sian officer. When Russia had dropped out of the war these men
were interned in France and continued to serve the Allied Cause in
the peaceful pursuit of building roads. In the field across the way
another group was busily engaged in the development of an aviation
field. Some of them wore red Kepis and bright colored uniforms.
And the American soldiers wondered that this secluded little village,
two and a half miles from the depot, was after all so cosmopolitan
in its population, and so much concerned in the World War.
In the evening, companies received the Intensive Training Sched-
ule. Here it was in black and white — six weeks to get ready for a
place in the line along with the Regulars and the Marines. The pa-
pers had just given accounts of how these soldiers threw away their
gas masks and drove the enemy back with their bayonets. Most of
the men of the Second Battalion, as of the entire Regiment, were raw
recruits; more than sixty per cent had not had a full week's drill. It
would take four weeks to get rested; could the task be accom-
plished !
But calls began on the following day with Reveille at 5:15 a. m.
and breakfast at 5:45. The schedule prescribed the time almost to
a minute. March to the drill ground began at 7 : 45 and the work con-
tinued there as follows :
8:30 to 8:45 — Close order drill by platoon.
8:45 to 9:15 — Company in attack.
9:15 to 10:30 — Company specialists — all men to have a fair amount
of training in bayonet and grenade work.
10:30 to 11:00 — Close order drill and developments by battalion on
alternate days.
11:00 to 11:30— Gas defense.
11 :30 — Return to camp.
1 :00 — Return to drill fields.
34 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
1:30 to 2:45 — Organization of a company strong point.
2:45 to 4:45 — Preparation and occupation of center of resistance.
4:45 to 5:30 — Outpost, advance and rear guard — to be alternated
Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday. Test by battalion
commander in deployments, attack and defense on
Thursday and Friday.
5:30 to 6:00 — Return to camp.
7:30 to 8:00 — School for non-commissioned officers.
8:00 to 9:00 — School for company battalion commanders.
This schedule was based on the absolute requirements of
General Headquarters. Training Bulletin No. 20, Headquarters,
89th Division, July 8, stated: "Nothing in division schedule
will be permitted to interfere with exact compliance in letter
and spirit with the instructions from General Headquarters as
ordered," and continued:
"The ten-mile march cannot be combined with other in-
struction required by the G. H. Q. program. It is suggested that
the march be made in the evening, (the work in the afternoon
being arranged to cover portions of schedule not calling for
special physical exertion), that the troops bivouac for the night,
resume schedule on the ground of the bivouac and combine the
return with exercises in military training. 1
»
But still more pressure must be added. On July 10th appeared
a Division Memoradum entitled " The Use of Training Time." The
provisions of this memorandum speak for themselves:
" It is important that time which is now lost during the hours
of drill while soldiers are at rest or are awaiting the develop-
ment of tactical situations should be fully utilized in such train-
ing as can be given by lecture and simple illustration. The fol-
lowing are suggested as subjects which may be taught in this
way:
1. Assignment and identification of targets and sectors of fire.
2. Care of the feet (The G. H. Q. program requires this to be
given by the Regimental Surgeon who might accompany one
battalion one day each week and give instruction during rest
periods.).
3. March discipline, general rules governing.
4. Principles of the first aid.
5. Use of cover and importance of digging hasty entrench-
ments; thickness of various kinds of soil necessary to give
protection against rifle fire; quickest way of obtaining cover
by use of the entrenching tool.
6. Talks on trench routine."
On July 20th the Battalion Commander was reminded in a memo-
randum from Division Headquarters that orders " required men go-
With the Second Battalion in St. Blin 35
ing to meals or company formations must march by squads or other
units, in a military manner, in quick time, under their leaders."
The drill ground was three and a half kilometers east of St. Blin.
This was more than could be made in the thirty minutes, even at the
increased rate, so the cooks brought out the dinner. Officers and
men sat down together on the drill field and talked over the problems
as they ate. They looked back to Camp Funston now as the good old
days. Even the strenuous training at Smoky Hill Flats was easy in
comparison with the requirements of the present schedule.
The French officers attached as instructors warned against haste
and over work. Sometimes they were even impatient with the im-
petuosity of the Americans.
" Four years ago," said Lieutenant Chereau, " we were as
eager as you are now. We learned since that this war cannot
be won in a single mighty effort. Even if it were possible to
overwhelm the enemy by sheer force the price of victory would
be too great. Profit by our experience and move carefully;
make every bit of effort count. That's the plan of the enemy;
we must beat him at his own game."
Lieutenant Lescadron made his contribution in another form.
He came to the officers' mess with wine for all. " Such," he said,
" is the custom among French officers; the new officer brings his
welcome with him." Most of his time was spent in looking about
for fresh vegetables and " cheekins." Lieutenant Lescadron was one
of the famous Blue Devils. At this very time he was recovering from
severe wounds. There could be no question about his effectiveness
as a soldier. But the Americans were slow to appreciate his valuable
philosophy of war.
The wisdom of these experienced soldiers became apparent when
from fifteen to forty men per company reported each day on sick
call. Dysentery, the army disease, was affecting the men. The sur-
geons made vigorous effort toward control. All drinking water was
boiled and the diet, so far as possible, was carefully regulated, but
the men recovered only after a few days rest. As time went on, of-
ficers began to understand that the suggestions in the memorandum
entitled " Use of Training Time " must be applied more liberally as a
means of survival. And often times the men rested and not a few
slept undisturbed, while officers lectured on military subjects.
In the midst of these strenuous days, Major Wood, Captain Peat-
ross, Captain Atkins, Lieutenant Wray and Lieutenant Gertesien as
well as a picked sergeant from each Company were called to Langres
for special tactical instruction. Not until the Battalion had moved
to the front did they return. Capt. Milton C. Portman assumed
command of the Battalion. Lieutenants were in command of the
companies and in many instances sergeants commanded the platoons.
At no time, even during the trip from Camp Funston to France, had
all the companies been commanded by captains or the platoons by
36 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
lieutenants. The heavier duties thus imposed upon junior officers
and non-commissioned officers in time of training helped to fit
them for greater responsibilities that must inevitably come during
campaigns.
In addition to carrying out the strenuous training schedule during
these days in St. Blin, battalion and company commanders were busy
perfecting their organizations. The work along this line was es-
pecially difficult because of lack of precedent and definite informa-
tion. Improved weapons increased the effectiveness of individual
soldiers. One man with an automatic rifle was considered equal to
six men with ordinary rifles. Men were no longer deployed in skir-
mish line at half-pace intervals in battle formation; instead they
were to be distributed in groups so that the groups could cover the
intervening ground with fire. But these groups must be able
to co-operate. As a result of this increased individual effectiveness
and a consequent wider dispersion of personnel the need of over-
head direction and control was greatly increased.
Company commanders carefully picked men for runners and
signal men. Each platoon leader also selected four men to maintain
his communication with his company commander and associate
platoon commanders. In the company, runners, mechanics, cooks
and supply detail were formed into a headquarters platoon. The
table of organizations even provided for an administrative officer
who would relieve the company commander of all detail work, but
this officer was never available and first sergeants continued in
charge.
Neither the training schedule nor the drill ground afforded op-
portunity for the training of the personnel selected. The training
schedule already included more than could be accomplished. Run-
ners and signal men therefore either drilled or wasted their time on
visual signalling. Mechanics and pioneers did odd jobs while the
problem of constructing cover and shelter remained untouched.
Limited space on the drill ground made the service of runners un-
necessary and safe distance from the danger made shelter and cover
useless. As a result of these conditions, officers and enlisted men
carried with them to the front line false ideas of distance and ter-
rain, — the most important information of a soldier in modern war-
fare.
Battalion Headquarters, too, were organized at St. Blin. The
personnel, numbering approximately one hundred, consisted of
scouts and snipers, pioneers, runners, and ammunition men. These
men all remained in the companies and drilled with the companies.
Special liaison problems were provided for the runners and signal
men under the direction of field officers but the limited time allowed
for the development of these problems robbed them of their real
significance. The handicap resulting from these conditions in the
final preparation for front-line duty must be corrected at the Front.
Later in July representatives from General Headquarters appear-
ed to inspect the Second Battalion. The men were stripped for ac-
With the Second Battalion in St. Blin 37
tion, all their worldly goods, except for the packs on their backs and
their arms, consisted now of a surplus kit containing one shirt, one
extra pair of shoe laces, one blanket and a box of shoe dubbing. The
inspectors could hardly believe that the hardened sunburned soldiers
who stood before them were the same men who began their intensive
training only five weeks before. They were even more surprised
when they saw the men in bayonet drill. It was plain to see that the
thrusts and jabs were intended for the throat of an opponent and
the growl was little short of terrifying to the strangers. Automatic
riflemen made their approaches perfectly as they outflanked machine
gun nests. Of course, there was still much to be learned, but the
progress already made satisfied the inspectors that the men of the
Second Battalion were ready to " take over."
CHAPTER VII.
With the Third Battalion in Rimaucourt
Early on the morning of June 25th, the long train of " Side-door
Pullmans " slipped quietly into the little station of Rimaucourt.
This train carried the Third Battalion, Maj. George W. Blackinton
in command. Many of the half-awakened passengers looked list-
lessly out of the windows, wondering, "Where are we at." Some
one inquired of a French official as to the cause of the stop and the
reply was " fini," and even at that early date in our French career
it was realized that he meant, " This is the end."
The " hard-boiled top sergeants " immediately routed everybody
out. Soon the Battalion marched drowsily along the road into the
town. No one was stirring and it seemed like a deserted town. The
billeting party, which had preceded the battalion, conducted the
companies to the long wooden barracks which had been occupied by
the American troops who had previously trained in this area. The
officers were also shown their billets, but everything was locked up
and it was only after considerable knocking on doors that they were
able to get any response from slumbering housewives. The officers
criticized the members of the billeting party for not having met them
with the house keys, but the next day when they asked for a key they
learned that a French key is not a thing that can be carried around in
bunches of ten or twelve — one does well to stagger along under the
weight of two or three.
Later that morning, after everyone had gotten his location, and
there appeared to be some life on the streets of the town, the men
strolled forth to see what manner of place this was in which their
battalion had landed — for the battalion was now, for the first time,
separated from the Regiment, and must go it alone. Already the
farm wagons were moving out of the village to the surrounding
fields, and invariably the drivers were women or old men. The
absence of young men was most noticeable. This brought the first
serious realization of what the war meant to France.
Lucky was the " Buck " or officer who had paid attention during
that half hour of French at Camp Funston in far away Kansas, in-
stead of taking a nap, which of course at that time appeared to be
much more beneficial. Now the lucky one could display before his
comrades his superiority in the French language. Much to our sur-
prise quite a few villagers knew some words of English, which they
had picked up from the classical New Englanders (26th Division)
who had preceded the Third Battalion to this camp. Truth, how-
ever, compels the confession that this vocabulary was mostly con-
fined to the particular class of words and phrases which has become
well-known as typically American and highly expressive.
The town of Rimaucourt was the metropolis of the towns oc-
cupied by the 353rd Infantry both in size and accommodations.
Here was the Railhead (supply point) of the 89th Division, also the
With the Third Battalion in Rimaucourt 39
location of the Division Quartermaster, the Division Finance Officer,
the Division Post Office (A. P. O. 701) and the Division Trains.
Headquarters of the 177th Infantry Brigade were also located in this
town. The billets of Brigade Headquarters were in a well-appointed
modern chateau, and the officers in a small building not far from
the camp. Every company of the Battalion was quartered in Adrian
Barracks which as billeting places are as superior to the ordinary
French barn as cheese is to chalk.
The 353rd Infantry had not been lucky enough to draw the better
towns of the Reynel Area, but Rimaucourt was well located and
easily the pick of the lot. This advantage placed at the patronage of
the battalion caused them to be the envy of the Regiment. Here was
that Mecca of all A. £. F. troops, the Sales Commissary, and the only
"Y" building in operation in the area (for some weeks) open for
service. There was also nearby, at Andelot, that most hospitable
** Y," presided over by "Mother" Fitzgerald and Miss Heermance,
whose names will ever be spoken with reverence by all the men of
the 353rd Infantry. All these superior advantages of Rimaucourt
caused the doughboys of the Third Battalion to be regarded, by the
rest of the regiment, as being " in luck."
The Division Quartermaster called for many details to unload
rations and equipment. These details were always furnished cheer-
fully because no other troops were available. The result was that
there never was any delay or mix-up in getting rations for the Third
Battalion — no one lost weight in Rimaucourt.
Soon after breakfast, on the first morning in camp, the outfit
moved down to the railhead and sorted out the regimental baggage
and when this was all accomplished there was found a surplus of
five New Royal typewriters which bore marks that indicated they
'were intended for the British Army. An unofficial investigation
brought out the fact that when the detail unloaded baggage in Liver-
pool, it was reported to Captain Schutt that " L" Company's type-
writer was missing. When the detail from Company " L" was sent
to Southampton to load baggage, Captain Schutt in his mild but per-
suasive way explained the reported loss to them and hinted that it
-was quite essential that this typewriter (or its equivalent) must be
found. This detail kept its mission ever before them and inadvert-
antly those Royal typewriters became mixed with the Regimental
baggage, and pending an official investigation, one of them was
turned over to each company and one to Battalion Headquarters to
be taken care of and to be used only in case of emergency. It de-
veloped that " L" Company's typewriter came in with the baggage
after all. An emergency immediately arose in the form of a tremen-
dous " paper barrage " and the foresight of this baggage detail was
very much appreciated. The Division Quartermaster was notified
through military channels that these typewriters had appeared in
the baggage. In accordance with his instructions they were boxed
up as the Battalion moved to the front and sent through the same
channels to their proper owner.
40 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
Besides the Third Battalion and 177th Infantry Brigade Head-
quarters Detachment, there were other small bodies of troops at
Rimaucourt; a baggage detail of another Division and Battalion of
Engineers. The latter were engaged in the completion of a large
Base Hospital; this hospital was just receiving its staff of surgeons
and nurses when the area was vacated by this battalion. After the
St. Mihiel offensive some of the wounded of the 353rd Infantry were
evacuated to this same hospital.
One thing lacking at Rimaucourt was a detachment of Military
Police so the Third Battalion was ordered to form its own M. P.'s.
These duties were turned over to Lieut. R. H. G. ("Long") Smith and
a few carefully selected men from each company. So well did they
perform their duties that after the second night one could hear a pin
drop a block away after " Taps " and throughout the night. The
second night they were on duty, several members of a nearby labor
battalion who had looked too long on some of the local fire water
became somewhat boisterous and were gathered quietly in the guard
house by the M. P.'s. It so happened that Sergeant Metzger of Com-
pany " K " was sergeant of the guard that night, and when these
prisoners began to think it was time to start a little trouble in the
guard house, he addressed them in no uncertain terms and told them
what he would do to them either individually or collectively. They
hesitated for a moment and took a careful look at his jaw and sur-
veyed his general make up and quietly withdrew to the corner of
the guard house and retired for the night. After breakfast the next
morning Lieutenant Smith sent a message over to the C. O. of the
labor battalion stating that he had six of his men in the guard house
for disturbing the peace and explained that since there were only
enough rations for our own battalion it had been impossible to serve
breakfast to the prisoners!! The prisoners were finally delivered
to an officer of the Labor Battalion about noon. The business-like
way in which these improvised M. P.'s handled the situation so im-
pressed the members of the neighboring battalion that they gave no
further trouble.
The fame of our M. P.'s traveled on to the nearby town of Ande-
lot where a detail of one of the National Guard Divisions was guard-
ing baggage. Major Johnson was in charge of an Intelligence School
there and called for assistance when the sergeant in charge of the
baggage detail, and his men refused to obey his orders. Lieutentant
Smith and a detail of his M. P.'s went down to Andelot and escorted
the sergeant and his entire detail (some twenty men all told) up to
the guard house in Rimaucourt. They were mumbling a few remarks
among themselves as to the superiority of the members of the Na-
tional Guard Divisions and making certain statements as to their un-
willingness to obey Reserve Officers, when Captain Baxter, as officer
of the day, appeared at the door of the guard house. "Attention "
was called. The prisoners paid little heed whereupon Captain
Baxter turned upon the prisoners and in a few well-chosen remarks
gave them some hints as to the duties of a soldier, which they never
With the Third Battalion in Rimaucourt 41
forgot while the Third Battalion was in Rimaucourt. He then as-
signed a billet for each of them, two feet wide and six feet long on
the floor, which they proceeded to occupy. They were especially
advised to hold no more conversation and make no more comments
until such time as they were released. These men were transformed
into well-behaved soldiers in a very short space of time and the fol-
lowing day were sent back to take charge of their baggage. Their
later conduct bore evidence of having profited by this brief contact
with the National Army both in Andelot and Rimaucourt.
During the stay in Rimaucourt there was more or less cognac and
French wine available for those who thirsted. In the beginning no
rules or restrictions were laid down locally. The first two days
three members of the battalion partook too freely of these new
drinks. Prompt was the punishment, prompt also was the action of
the men of the battalion to prevent similar misconduct. In each
company a small self-appointed detail saw to it that any member of
their company, who showed signs of going too far in the consump-
tion of these beverages, was quietly conducted to the little stream
behind the town and thoroughly drenched. The result was that no
rules were necessary to govern the men in this respect; liberties con-
tinued but no over-indulgence occurred after the first three cases.
Now and then a low muffled rumbling told us that we were not
very far from our ultimate goal, the front line. Sometimes we were
mistaken, however, as to the source of this rumbling. One day the
engineers blew out some rock in a section of trench that they were
digging for a new water system. It sounded so near and ominous
that one highly nervous old French woman took to her cellar with
all possible speed, and was only coaxed outside again after con-
siderable explanation. While this incident was rather amusing its
suggestions were serious.
We were now in the Reynel Training Area, one of the twenty-two
established in France for the American Expeditionary Forces, and
training started in dead earnest. As has been before related, a large
number of our men were received in the last few days before leav-
ing Camp Funston and their training had barely begun. After some
preliminary work in close order drill, a French officer came to the
battalion as an instructor. He was enthusiastic about reverse slopes
and so eloquent in his presentation that he entirely converted the
temporary battalion commander, the Duke of Wellington, (Major
Blackinton was at that time attending the special course for field
officers at Langres). As a consequence our drill field was changed
to a place some two and one-half kilometers southwest of the town,
where a fine system of reverse slopes was located. Many a bloodless
battle raged over those slopes; perspiration, however, flowed freely.
Trenches were taken and lost many times during the hot July days,
but the most popular event was the capture of a famous " strong
point " which gave the victors a chance to rest in the shade of a thick
grove of trees.
For the further development of this training ground, Lieutenant
42 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
Chase was detailed to construct a bayonet course. This required
that trenches and shell holes be constructed, but the ground was too
solid for a pick and shovel. The 508th Engineers supplied dynamite
to expedite the work. The site for one of these shell holes proved to
be an unfortunate selection, for after the generous charge of dyna-
mite had been exploded, Lieutenant Chase dashed up to Battalion
Headquarters and announced that he had struck a flowing well.
Careful investigation of this phenomenon showed that the charge
had been laid over a joint in the city water main and as a result the
supply of water in the city suddenly ceased. It took the combined
efforts of our best French students to convince the inhabitants that
no unfriendly act was intended. Everyone had been struggling to
pick up a little of the French language for his own use, and the
French people had been extremely patient, but as teachers few could
get up to " second speed." This emergency demanded that some
American go into "high" immediately.
Private Snyder of " M " Company was the only one who could
qualify. To this day it remains a mystery why the inhabitants should
become so excited over this accident to the water works. They had
no fire department; they never drank water, and seemed to have
very little use for it for any other purpose; yet they were very much
excited when their supply was cut off. The source of the supply
was out in the hills, a distance of two miles. Private Snyder finally
made arrangements with the mayor to send the superintendent out
to shut off the flow. There was a single key available to the large
chamber from which the supply started to the city. After waiting
several hours, Snyder was sent out in search of the superintendent
and followed his trail to a wine shop down near the railroad station
where it disappeared. Neither superintendent nor key could be lo-
cated. The mayor at length gave permission to break the lock. The
engineers who furnished the dynamite helped to mend the break.
Private Snyder dashed off to the reservoir with his trusty bicycle and
replaced the plug. The water supply restored, friendly international
relations were again resumed. In fact, the whole matter was handled
so diplomatically that it did not get into the official reports. For
his excellent work in this crisis, Private Snyder was promoted to
sergeant and was assigned to the intelligence section at Regimental
Headquarters.
In spite of all mishaps and difficulties, the bayonet course was
completed and men could be seen at all times of the day rushing the
dummies with fixed bayonets and fierce " do or die " expressions on
their faces. Other specialists, too, had to be trained. Groups of men
practiced throwing dummy grenades; automatic riflemen worked
over their Chauchats, taking them apart and putting them together
again so as to become familiar with their operation and the replace-
ment of spare parts.
Trenches were then outlined and newly-trained automatic rifle-
men, hand bombers, rifle grenadiers and ordinary riflemen practiced
raids and made assaults, reaching through the first and second line
With the Third Battalion in Rimaucourt 43
to the third line trenches. Thus the pleasant (in retrospect) July
days passed. As a result of the intensive training the men were
rapidly becoming efficient soldiers. Discipline was good and morale
was high; all were looking forward with keenest interest to the day
of leaving for the front.
Inspections followed the completion of training. Colonel Mc-
Masters appeared on the scene and directed each platoon leader to
look over his platoon and report the number of men needing hair
cuts. These reports were handed in and the number varied in the
different platoons. In one platoon, no hair cuts were needed. This
platoon was ordered forward; the others stood back with envy in
their hearts. Surely this platoon and its leaders were to receive
some kind of medal or decoration for their unusual accomplishment.
The men of this platoon were ordered to take off their caps. Now
they were to be decorated and were to stand uncovered during the
ceremony. Some one had blundered. When the men were directed
to brush their hair forward, it became painfully evident that not
more than half of them had seen a barber for over a month. A cur-
tain is drawn over the scene but soon after this incident short hair
cuts became very popular, the shorter the better. In fact, a commit-
tee of officers, led by Lieutenant Zipoy, ably assisted by Lieutenant
Temple, intent on seeing that no one should miss the benefits of a
cool, well-shaved head, made the rounds of the quarters and suc-
ceeded in making flowing locks one of the scarcest possessions in
camp.
The training period was finished off by a long hike to a system of
trenches near Gondrecourt. Here a night was spent in trying to
find the way into the platoon sectors, while wearing gas masks, the
supposed enemy being particularly active in that sector during that
night. It was a weary battalion that dragged back to Rimaucourt
the next day. A French woman who saw the column coming into
the town, tired and dusty, called out, " Fini la guerre?" But it was
just the beginning for the Third Battalion.
CHAPTER VIII.
The 353rd Infantry Moves to the Front
First Battalion "Takes Over"
The men of the 353rd Infantry fully expected orders to move to
the front at the close of the intensive training period in early August,
1918. They had worked hard and felt they " had it comin\" More-
over, the situation at the front seemed to indicate that this was a
good time to get into the game. Victory in the second battle of the
Marne brought the initiative to the allied forces; for the first time in
many days Fritz was yielding ground. The big task of crushing out
the salient at Chateau Thierry was fast developing into a great mili-
tary success. Americans were playing a worthy part but there was
still much to be done. There could be no peace without complete
victory. So the men of the 353rd Infantry looked back upon their
training with satisfaction and forward to duty at the front with con-
fidence.
Just what part of the line would be taken over no one seemed to
know. Rumors were abroad that it would be in the Toul Sector. At
any rate, it would be a "quiet" sector for a while; all else was
" secret."
The final task in the training area, as the first had been, was
police. The barracks were stripped of all equipment, details
scrubbed the floors and nailed the doors shut. Another detail buried
the cans around the kitchen and swept the yards. A third picked
up the paper on the drill field and leveled the trenches. An in-
spector was to appear at the moment of departure to pass on the
result.
At the hour of starting, the trucks were waiting and the men were
ready. No inspector came so the order to load was given. Civilians
turned out en masse to bid the men farewell. They had heard much
of the achievements of Americans already in the war and they ex-
pected great things of these strange but likeable men. A move is al-
ways welcome to a soldier and it was in a happy frame of mind that
the men of the First Battalion left their farewell assurances to the
people of Manios. " Bonswa," shouted some; " Boche partee toot
sweet," others added as the trucks slowly began to move down the
road. There was loud cheering and waving of arms on both sides
until the little town was lost in the distance.
A drizzling rain set in at night and increased the difficulties of
keeping the truck train together. The drivers crouched down over
their wheels, said nothing, looked into the darkness and pushed
ahead. The doughboys admitted to a man that these truck drivers
had their nerve. Smoking was prohibited; in fact, there was not
even the comfort of sufficient room. Thirty-five men to a truck with
all their equipment made more than a load. At Toul the train halted
to give straggling trucks a chance to catch up. At daybreak Menil-
la-Tour was in sight on the right. Flashes of fire lit up the fading
The 353rd Infantry Moves to the Front 45
darkness ahead; and the roar of big guns broke the stillness of the
morning. The hum of areoplanes could be heard overhead. Surely
the front was not far away, and yet the trucks continued to move
forward. At Francheville breakfast was prepared; already the
journey had lasted nearly eighteen hours. Later in the day the Bat-
talion marched through Royamieux to Domevre-en-Haye.
This little town seemed to be almost intact. Civilians moved
about freely, but there were no children among them. The build-
ings appeared somewhat the worse for wear, but they were very sat-
isfactory as billets. On the outskirts of the village peasants were
busy gathering the harvest. Although this place seemed to be farther
away from the front that Menil-la-Tour, reconnaissance patrols went
ahead on August 5th from Domevre-en-Haye, and at dark Companies
"A" and "C" followed to take over the support positions of the out-
guard line. On the next evening "B" and "D" moved forward to the
front line in the vicinity of Limey.
The approach was now made with great care. All movement
took place at night. Companies marched in half platoon sections,
each section in column of two's with its files on either side of the
road. Commands were given in low tones and passed on from group
to group. " Forward " was repeated a dozen times before it reached
the end of the column, but with such rapidity did the word travel
that all moved off together. When all were ready orders suddenly
changed the relief to the following night. The enemy had occupied
this country in the early days of the war. Doubtless he had left a
few sympathizers to notify him of such occasions. All risk of shell-
ing during a relief must be avoided. These precautions were per-
haps a bit over emphasized at this time, but this was a good oppor-
ity to impress lessons of safety, for the men were in a receptive
frame of mind.
Scarcity of maps and compasses made orientation difficult. This
section of the front was called the Lucey Sector and was located on
the southern leg of the St. Mihiel salient. St. Mihiel was estimated
to be fifteen miles due west; Verdun thirty miles to the northwest,
and Metz eighteen miles to the northeast. These facts were tremen-
duously interesting to the officers and men. But they were soon
given to understand that their chief concern was with the locations
of the platoons on the right and left and with the different company
headquarters rather than with the general front.
Troops of the 82nd Division in co-operation with the 32nd
French Corps occupied the sector. The 82nd had relieved a French
division. " Nothing much doing," they assured, " There's nobody
over there." Just then a shaft of light shot up from beyond No Man's
land — one, two, three, four stars dropped out in succession. " Where
do those lights come from if there's nobody over there?" anxiously
inquired one of the relieving party. " They say that the Germans
have left a wooden-legged man to send up those rockets every so
often, but we never could find him," was the answer received. These
efforts to steady the nerves of the new men were only partially sue-
46 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
cessful. The sector had been very quiet, but when the 354th In-
fantry made their relief on the left flank of the division sector Aug-
ust 6th and 7th, they were caught in a severe gas attack and suffered
many casualties, among them Lieut. Col. Levi G. Brown whom all
the officers of the 353rd Infantry remembered as their old training
camp commander. So the men of the First Battalion took up their
new duties in dead earnest.
There was much to be learned immediately upon arrival in the
sector. The following orders give some indication of the details of
position warfare:
Regimental Headquarters, 12th August, 1918.
MEMORANDUM :
1. Every enlisted man will at all times know the location of his
platoon and company P. C. and every officer will likewise
be informed of P. C.'s of his subordinates, adjacent and high-
er units.
2. All men must be disciplined as to their conduct in the
trenches. They must not stand about and gaze at aeroplanes
over them. They must not show themselves above the
trenches. Rolling of packs, showing packs or any unneces-
sary activity is always an indication to the enemy that a re-
lief is to take place, so this must be avoided. *
3. Gas drill will be held daily. In addition to daily drills in
adjusting masks, at least once each week gas masks will be
worn for at least one-half hour. Organization commanders
will prescribe the day and hour for this purpose.
4. Prompt report will be made to the Intelligence Officer of
any civilian seeking information, or whose actions are sus-
picious.
5. No document, map or letters will be carried into the front
line trenches which might be of value to the enemy if cap-
tured. (One of the most valuable sources of information is
the address of a letter received by soldier.).
No sooner was the relief completed than staff officers and in-
spectors appeared to see that all of these orders were obeyed. Even
on the way they had found a man with his blouse off who didn't
know what outfit was on the right! Is "stand-to to observe at daylight
and dawn?" "Have arrangements been made to serve hot soup or
coffee between midnight and 4 a. m.?" These were questions based
on G. H. Q. trench orders. When the investigation was complete the
visitors inquired the way to the next company P. C. and the men and
officers " carried on."
Nervousness soon wore off and the new situation became in-
tensely interesting. Aerial battles always drew good crowds of
spectators. The sector itself was covered with wire entanglements,
dugouts and trenches. The men, moved by sheer curiosity, would
go wandering forth, entirely oblivious of danger. Fritz put over a
few extra shells and the following memorandum came out imme-
diately.
The 353rd Infantry Moves to the Front 47
CONCEALMENT
1. It has been noted that large numbers of men wander about
the sector, apparently through curiosity. This practice will
be suppressed at once and Company Commanders will be
held responsible that their men remain under cover at all
times except when absolutely necessary.
2. Concealment is absolutely necessary, especially so during
the day time, as one or two men seen by the enemy will im-
mediately draw shell fire and give away the positions and
disposition of our troops.
But opportunity for wandering about the sector did not last long.
The engineers were busy laying out trenches and locating dugouts
for the doughboys to dig. Fifty per cent of the men in the support
positions were kept on work details.
At this time a communication trench had to be completed up to
the Metz road. Lieutenant Chalmers was in command of the detail.
Lieutenant Kellogg, who was in command of Company "D" in this po-
sition, led the way out to a place where the trench became a mere
trace. The detail lined along the course and began to dig. An occa-
sional shell whirred overhead and exploded in the distance. Lights
and rockets appeared unceasingly. The enemy was over beyond
Metz road; but "D" Company men were stationed in outposts along
the road, so everybody felt fairly safe. Suddenly machine guns over
to the left rear begun to clatter and bullets whistled overhead.
Every man dropped down into the trench where he had been dig-
ging. Another burst of fire from the right and all again became
quiet. Hardly had the men resumed digging when the machine
gunners opened up again with increased volume. Lieutenant Kellogg
was making an investigation. The machine gunners insisted that
they had seen a red rocket, the signal for indirect fire. No one knew
who had sent up the signal. The men in the detail were sore. They
expected Fritz to shoot at them but they didn't want their own ma-
chine gunners to turn on them from the rear. The conclusion was
finally reached that Fritz was at the bottom of the disturbance. It
was one of his tricky methods of getting information.
These many experiences were fast developing the men into ef-
fective soldiers. They continued to work on the positions and ad-
vanced a little farther each succeeding night with their patrol in
No Man's Land. At the end of eight days the First Battalion was re-
lieved by the Second. No casualties had been suffered. But on the
return trip a hostile aviator attempted to do what his comrades in
the line had failed to accomplish. On the way back to Manonville
Company "C" caught the peculiar hum of the German machine over-
head. The hum came closer and closer, and soon a bright light ap-
peared. It flickered for an instant and then an air bomb lit near
the road. Without command each man took cover in the ditches at
the side of the road. " Not yet, Jerry," they shouted, "and remember
-well be back up to the front in a few days."
CHAPTER IX.
The Second Battalion Moves Up to Support the First
On the afternoon of Saturday, August 3, 1918, the inhabitants of
St. Blin, from the oldest bewhiskered gran dp ere to the tiniest babe,
filled the windows and crowded the streets at the narrow corner by
the Caf6 Central to see the Yanks leave for the front. Judging from
the expression on their faces they were thinking,
"What peculiar fellows they are, these Americans! They
march out with cheers and laughter, it is nothing to them; they
are going out to face death at the hands of those terrible Boche!
What rough, reckless people the Americans seem to be. But they
are coming now, by the million, and France is saved by these
free-hearted Westerners — Vive F Amerique! "
And amid the cheers of these enthusiastic, demonstrative peas-
ants, the Second Battalion bade good-bye to the peaceful, sleepy ways
of Haute Marne, and was on its way to the front at last.
All afternoon it was up one hill and down another, on the road
northward from St. Blin, through Liffol-le-Grande, Neufchateau and
Toul. At Liffol-le-Grande the men of the Second Battalion had their
first glimpse of the great construction work being done by the S. O.
S. in France, and the part the American negro in the labor battalion
was playing in the winning of the war. Time after time the long
column of more than a hundred and fifty trucks was halted to per-
mit some cranky machine to limp back to its place in the train.
Night came on soon after leaving Neufchateau, but lights could not
be used. The vicinity of Toul was one of the favorite playgrounds
for Fritzie's bombing planes. Long before the convoy came to the
outskirts of the city, flashes of artillery fire — first gleams of the
World War to the men of the Second Battalion — could be plainly seen
on the northern horizon. After many delays and long, impatient
waits, it was breaking day when the convoy halted in the villages of
Bouvron and Francheville. The men limped stiffly to their billets.
A good old hay loft was paradise.
But this was to be a brief stay. Almost before places to sleep
could be found, orders came for a reconnaisance party composed of
the battalion commanders and an officer from each company. They
were to go up at once to the positions in the line which were to be
occupied by the Second Battalion. By two-thirty in the afternoon,
after a short nap and a warm, although rather scanty, meal, the en-
tire organization was on the march. This was perhaps the only time
in the entire period of operations when ample transportation was
furnished to marching troops. Ten large trucks and the entire regi-
mental wagon train accompanied the battalion. There was plenty of
room for the packs. Great shell holes along the way suggested for the
first time helmets and gas masks as a real precautionary measure.
The Second Battalion Moves Up to Support the First
50 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
After a hike of more than twelve kilometers, the battalion arrived in
Domevre-en-Haye in the early dusk.
Here everything was confusion. A French heavy artillery regi-
ment was moving through the town, the wagon train was hopelessly
blocked. It was late at night before rolling kitchens, water carts
and escort wagons could be rescued from the tangle. Then they had
to be pushed and pulled by man power up the extremely steep streets
that led into the section of the town where the billets were located.
The next day company commanders and platoon sergeants went
up into the line to learn all they could from the 82nd Division, then
holding the front. That night, August 5th, Companies "E" and "G"
moved up to the support position, Limey, sub-sector of the Lucey
sector, in the Le Ray Woods and the Haye Woods with dugouts along
the St. Jean-Noviant road. The following evening, August 6th, Com-
panies "F" and "H" entered the line, also in the support position, or
army line of resistance — Company "H" on the right in Montjoie
Woods and Company "F" on the left in the western part of the Haye
Woods.
The remarkable caution and silence observed by every one while
making the relief was almost ludicrous to the outgoing units of the
82 Division, who had been in position long enough to realize that
enemy outposts were more than three kilometers away, with several
lines of trenches held by our troops farther in front of us. But of-
fcers of the relieved regiment realized that such discipline was not
to be taken lightly, and praised the excellent manner in which the
Second Battalion moved into position. While Companies "E" and
"G" were entering the lines, the Germans put over a severe gas at-
tack just to the left, and the Second Battalion had a good initiation
in the way of rattlers, green rockets, and other gas alarms. Except for
this incident, the relief was practically uneventful, weather was fine,
and in every way conditions under which green troops begin real
service could not have been more favorable.
The support position on this portion of the front was not fully
intrenched. The troops lived in splinter-proof shelters in the woods.
Only two or three dugouts, such as the P. C. of Company "E" were
at all shell-proof. The Battalion P. C. was located in the woods on a
steep slope near the intersection of the Manonville-St. Jacques and
the St. Jean-Noviant Roads. These hillside shelters were very neat
and cozy, and at that season of the year, seemed like summer cot-
tages. The stream that flowed past the foot of the hill was ideal for
bathing, and with one memorable exception, life at Battalion Head-
quarters was most peaceful.
One afternoon, soon after moving into the lines, the half dozen
officers on duty at the Battalion P. C. were seated at the table, in one
of these picturesque little bowers, eating supper. Everything was
quiet. Suddenly, with a frightful hiss, a large shell came tearing
down through the roof, just missing the edge of the table, and buried
itself several feet in the earthen floor. Everyone made a dive for the
open. The hole in the ground smoked threateningly for a few min-
The Second Battalion Moves Up to Support the First 51
utes. It was a "dud"! Lieutenant Alexander, battalion dentist, was
slightly burned and scratched by the hot fragments torn from the
metal roof, but no one was seriously hurt. After this incident meals
in the dining shelter were eaten in haste; one had but to look up at
the neat 105 mm. hole in the roof to realize that the war was still on.
Another rather similiar experience with "dud" occurred while
"E" Company men were lining up along the road near the kitchen,
waiting for " chow." A big one struck between the rails of the nar-
row gauge track at the edge of the road, not ten yards from a group
of thirty or forty men. But like so many of Fritz's long range shells
these days, it was another " dud," and what might have been a seri-
ous disaster was but a valuable lesson to prevent men from assem-
bling in large groups within the range of enemy artillery.
Work in the support position was largely digging trenches for the
new "Army Line of Resistance" being developed along the general
line, St. Jacques-Noviant. The sector covered by this battalion was
approximately five kilometers wide.
On the night of August 14-15 the Second Battalion relieved the
First Battalion in the front line position around Limey. Here com-
panies were disposed as follows: Company "H" on the right front,
in Limey and the trenches north of the Metz road east of Limey;
Company "G" on the left front, in trenches north and south of the
Metz Road, west of Limey; Company "E" in support of "H" in and
around the Bois de St. Jacques; Company "F" in support of "G" be-
tween the Voisogne Wood and Lironville; with Battalion P. C. along
the Lironville trench about midway between Lironville and Limey.
To the front was the strongly fortified Bois de Mort Mare, the Prom-
enade de Moines, Ansoncourt Farm, Robert Menil Farm, and the
organized village of Remenauville. No Man's Land was from one to
two kilometers wide, but the trenches practically connected the op-
posing lines, having been but a few meters apart during the earlier
part of the war.
Night patrolling was the order of business. Lieutenant Gardner
of Company " F," Lieutenant Goebel of " H," Morrison of " E" and
other leaders with daring groups were able to get valuable informa-
tion as to dispositions of the enemy forces to the front. But none
-were able to disclose the exact origin of the four star rocket which
some dutiful Heinie sent up at regular intervals every night. Rumor
had it that all Germans in this sector had withdrawn, leaving only a
peg-legged old man, who kept up appearance of occupation by send-
ing up these signals. But returning patrols insisted that the signal
man had company, and adventurous persons who chose to stick their
heads up were usually reassured by a bit of convincing evidence
snapping past their heads.
On the morning of August 19th the Germans put down a heavy
barrage on the lines along the Metz Road from four to five a. m.
For a time it looked as if they were preparing to come over. Every-
one hurried to the stand-to positions in readiness for them. Run-
ners from the platoons on the outguard line reported no one in sight.
52 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
Evidently Fritz was trying to divert attention from his efforts on
some other part of the line. Organizations to right and left reported
the complete repulse of raiding parties the following morning. Day-
light showed some well-spotted trenches in the Second Battalion
area but there were no casualties. The men stood their ground like
veterans while a single small-caliber piece of artillery to the rear
replied with all its might and main to the heavy shots of the Ger-
man guns. Supporting artillery had held fire awaiting orders. But
the action of this particular crew received the hearty commendation
of every man in the Second Battalion. "It was consoling to know
that we, too, had some artillery ," remarked the men. And then, too,
the fact that direct hits with heavy artillery ye comparatively rare
subtracted considerably from the dread of bombardment. Fritz
could not have done more for his opponents in this initial lesson.
While in the front line it was quite a problem to supply the out-
posts with hot food. Kitchens had to be located some distance back,
as any appearance of smoke from the stoves brought on a violent
shelling. In some cases "chow" details, caught by small bombard-
ments, scattered marmite cans in hopeless confusion in their scram-
ble for cover. Sergeant Wright of "G" Company located his kitchen
just back of the Metz Road, more than a kilometer nearer the front
line than any one had dared to put a stove during all the preceding
years of trench warfare on this front. Thanks to such energetic
mess sergeants, men in most remote outposts were able to get their
"chow" in good condition.
On the night of August 22-23 the Second Battalion was relieved
by the Third and moved back to billets in Manonville, about six kil-
ometers in rear of the line. It was then discovered that the famous
military "cootie" had appeared. After a long truck ride to Menil-
le-Tour, the entire Battalion was " deloused," except for "F" Com-
pany, which somehow lost out on the deal. Most of the unservice-
able clothing was replaced, although largely by second-hand articles.
Being relieved, however, only meant opportunity for more train-
ing. "Close Order" and parade ground work gave way to special
drills in the new "diamond" attack formations, under the personal
direction of Colonel Babcock, now Regimental Commander. Captain
Peatross, commanding the battalion, conducted special maneuvers,
simulating the plans of attack to be made in the near future. Night
movements on designated compass bearings were added to the sched-
ule, and nights as well as days were full of preparation. But it was
not until a few days later that the men of the Second Battalion
realized that all this training was to prepare them for the leading
part in the big offensive.
CHAPTER X.
The Third Battalion Moves Up in Reserve and Later Relieves the
Second as the Second Relieves the First
on the Outguard Line
As the struggle at Rimaucourt neared its close, the very atmos-
phere seemed heavy with impending experiences. During these days
in late July and early August, 1918, the world waited breathlessly
for the swing of the pendulum of victory. Excitement was at fever
heat. Would it be toward the enemy or toward the allies? The
Third Battalion finished intensive training, urged on by the distant
call of brothers at the front. As the men moved over the rugged
slopes of their drill ground, the far-away rumbling of artillery gave
a hint of necessity to their extended formations. Those who were on
duty in the early hours of morning saw the flashes of myriad guns
reflected against the sky in the direction of the front. Orders might
be kept "secret" but the doughboys understood the signs of the times.
Finally, August 6th completed the training period. The men of
the Third Battalion were confident; incidentally they had conquered
"Vin Rouge" and "Cognac," and a few of the more gallant members
even bade fair to capture the local mademoiselles. They were now
in shape for a round with the more formidable " Fritz." Tomorrow
they would be on their way toward the " great adventure." Hearts
were tumultuous at the last farewells to the kindly French people.
Wonder, anticipation, anxiety reigned throughout the command.
Emotions were complicated beyond description but there was no
shrinking and no one feared the outcome.
Morning had hardly risen over the eastern hills when the camp
broke into activity. Men hustled in and out the barracks, carrying
surplus kits here, barracks bags there, kitchen accessories in this
pile, ordnance and quartermaster supplies by the road. All this
hustle and bustle was directed by shouting, cursing non-commis-
sioned officers who were in turn directed by more loudly shouting
and much more worried officers. The road was a cloud of white
dust that enveloped ghastly shapes of dun-colored canvas structures
emitting a roar like a thousand trip hammers; these were the convoy
of trucks. Gradually the piles of supplies disappeared, ration trucks
were safely loaded, now came the men. Many a wondering dough-
boy couldn't conceive how a whole battalion could possibly find
room in the thirty odd trucks that were standing in the road. The
problem was, however, quickly solved. Twenty-three men were
crowded, jammed, and packed into each truck; comfort was left be-
hind. Twenty-three doughboys with full field equipment made
more than a load, and in every one of the trucks twenty-three dough-
boys immediately raised a chorus of prodigious howls that would
ordinarily have moved a heart of stone, but not the determined of-
ficers who were going to the front.
54 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
Some one blew a whistle. The blast of a whistle was not, as a
rule, a momentous occasion, except at reveille in the morning or for
Saturday inspections, but the blast of that whistle meant the move-
ment of another battalion to the front. It meant that the lives of
some thousand odd men were to be thrown in the scale in favor of
the allies. It meant the realization of the Great Adventure.
The trucks moved slowly at first, then faster over hills and wind-
ing roads through picturesque villages, kilometer after kilometer
with never a stop. The French peasants, working in the fields,
stopped their labors to wave a farewell. In the villages, the natives
lifted drooping shoulders and saddened faces, doubtless reminded
of vivacious sons whose memory alone remained. As the convoy
rolled on, from converging roads other convoys joined the race east-
ward until the road, as far as eye could see in either direction, was
a teeming line of trucks filled with shouting, exuberant doughboys.
Cities came and were passed. Beyond Toul great stretches of barbed
wire wound jaggedly over hills and valleys. Villages now were with-
out lights in windows or streets. The heavy darkness that enveloped
everything made the men wonder what sixth sense it was that en-
abled the driver to hold his rushing truck to the faint streak of light
representing the road. A frantic screech of the brakes and a sudden
lurch to avoid a crash into the truck ahead often brought hearts into
throats. Rushing madly along the banks of a canal that wound
through the valley, with a towering cliff on the other side, the con-
voy suddenly rounded a sharp curve and swung from the shadows
into the less oppressive darkness of an open plain. At that very
moment, a German flare rose, gracefully describing an arc over the
hill ahead and suddenly burst into a flood of blinding light. To ac-
tive imaginations it seemed the loud churning of the engines had re-
vealed the arrival of the Third Battalion to enemy ears, and signals
for an artillery barrage were being transmitted from hidden observa-
tion posts behind every bush and stone.
In the very dead of night came a halt in the little town of
Bouvron. Led by the billeting detail, which had preceded the
outfit, the battalion was stowed away for the night in hay lofts,
woodsheds, and barns — fragrant reminders of the farms left behind.
The men stumbled over hen roosts and boxes, everything but bunks
and feather-beds. The night in these quarters was worse than in the
trucks. Rodents made raids upon the reserve rations, so ferocious
were they that it seemed they hadn't eaten since the war of 1870.
Almost before anyone had gotten any "shut-eye" at all, came the sig-
nal to get up, not the resounding bugle but sharp demands, " Get up,"
from surly sergeants hardly awake themselves.
Cooks and K. P.'s valiantly attacked the escort wagons and soon
the kitchens were rolling forth odors of coffee and "canned willy"
that brought hungry doughboys speedily into the "chow" line. Now
the waiting "chow" lines heckled the cooks; mess sergeants answered
in kind. The day waned. No Boche were visible until in the late
~» when a hostile aviator made a flight across the heavens.
The Third Battalion Moves Up In Reserve 55
Little puffs of white and black smoke from the anti-aircraft guns
followed his trail. Although no planes came tumbling to earth in
flames, officers all but despaired after futile attempts to keep the
battalion under cover.
At night the battalion moved. From now on the most popular
song was "Where Do We Go From Here?" Silently the column wend-
ed its way from the shadows of the narrow village streets into what
seemed to be a barren, lifeless stretch of plain. Only occasionally
did a few trees along the road relieve the monotony, and once or
twice the shadows of small villages. Always that menacing star-
shell rose in graceful curves ahead. Hour after hour, the men
trudged silently on. Only the noise of hobs on the ragged stone road
and the rumble of the field train, deadened occasionally by the un-
mistakable roar of artillery, reached the ears of the men. Some
cursed as they began to tire from the back-breaking load of full
packs, but the tramp continued onward into the darkness. Finally,
early in the morning, the column left the road, wound along a lane
and stopped in the edge of dense woods near Domevre. No one
spoke above a whisper. Gas masks were at the alert. A rifle shot
had been established as the signal for gas alarm. One of the senti-
nels jammed a cartridge in his rifle and it was accidentally dis-
charged. Some one shouted "Gas"; instantly there was a wild scram-
ble. Gas masks were quickly donned, but those who could not find
their masks in the dark pulled sand bags over their heads. The mis-
take was soon rectified and peace and quiet once more established.
After much confusion and some minutes of impatient waiting, the
battalion was finally crowded into the town of Domevre. The small
barracks were well surrounded by a dense tangle of roots, quite ef-
fectively hid in the darkness of the woods. Many a man stumbled
and as he crashed to the ground under the weight of full field equip-
ment his silence gave way to expressions of rage. At that it was
hard to do the situation justice. Many bruised hands and darkened
faces appeared when morning cautiously slipped over the horizon.
Strict orders to avoid observation from aeroplanes kept the bat-
talion concealed in the woods for the day. After the cooks had the
iron rations simmering, "police call" brought from the bunks a
surly, wearied battalion. With the exception of a few more battles
high up in the sky, nothing else broke the monotony of the day, but
the stay in the Bois de Domevre was very brief. A three-kilometer
march landed the Third Battalion in Manonville on the night of Aug-
ust 9th.
Manonville was the seat of Regimental Headquarters and the
home of the battalion in reserve. It was situated in the fighting zone
and had been occupied by the Germans at the beginning of the war
in 1914. Although not destroyed like the French villages nearer the
front line, yet it was in a dangerous territory. Most of its inhabit-
ants had fled to a safer locality. However, there were a few faithful
and brave old citizens who refused to vacate their beloved homes.
These few carried on from day to day, disregarding the enemy aero-
Regimental History 353rd Infantry
s
I
The Third Battalion Moves Up In Reserve 57
planes and the artillery shells that were occasionally dropped into
the village. The little city had been sadly neglected during the four
long years of war. The first duty of the Third Battalion was to
" police it up."
It was a large task. For five days streets were swept, billets
scrubbed, tin cans and rubbish gathered in piles, and scrap heaps
hauled away. The work was disagreeable, but all took a hold with
a cheerful and willing spirit fully realizing the necessity, not for the
sake of appearance, but in order to preserve their own good health
and the health of the men of the regiment who would follow in their
position.
On the night of August 14th the Third Battalion moved to the
support position in the woods just south of Lironville, relieving the
Second Battalion. Here might be an opportunity to experience some
actual warfare. Opportunity soon appeared in an unexpected form.
On August 21st at 9:45 p. m. sharp, enemy artillery startled the mem-
bers of " L" Company. The first and second platoons, both of which
were stationed in the woods, were being shelled. It was difficult at
first to determine the nature of the attack; many shells fell and ex-
ploded with a a loud, deafening sound, while others exploded with a
muffled noise. The gas sentries were on the alert and soon detected
small clouds arising slowly from places where the shells were strik-
ing. As the wind carried these clouds on toward the platoon posi-
tions, the odor of gas told the secret. Gas alarms sounded through-
out the company sector. Most of the men were asleep, but, upon
awakening, quickly became aware of the situation and got into their
masks. This, however, was not true in one particular dugout, where
one of the men grasped the mask fastened to his comrade and pro-
ceeded to lead his sleepy partner around like a pet dog. The owner
wondered what force was pulling him ahead, neither grasped the
idea of partnership in the mask. Another rudely awakened from his
sleep was making a noble effort to insert his head into the mess kit
carrier of his haversack. But the gas instruction had been thorough;
discipline was splendid, and the men helped one another. There
were gases of every variety — arsenic, phosgene and particularly mus-
tard, — but every man stuck to his mask. The gas barrage continued
and it became necessary to move the two platoons to an alternate
position in order to avoid the mustard gas which was being splashed
all over the woods.
The attack was thoroughly systematic. The Germans would
throw over a number of gas shells at regular intervals. As soon as the
gas from one round had passed over and the men began to mo/?
about, another shelling followed. Shrapnel, too, was thrown over
with the gas, so as to catch those unfortunates who might be driven
out of their dugouts by the gas and compelled to move about in the
open.
The majority of the men of the company spent several hours in
their gas masks on this occasion. No casualties resulted from the at-
tack — a real victory had been won. The Boche had failed in his ef-
58 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
fort to cause casualties. He had given every man an opportunity to
try out the gas masks under actual conditions. It is needless to say
that every man had great confidence in his mask after this exper-
ience and regarded it as a true friend rather than a toy. The men,
too, learned the odor of gas and the sound of gas shells.
The next morning was spent in wiring off the area which had
been contaminated by the mustard gas. Packs and other equipment
which had been damaged by the gas were condemned. This work
was accomplished by men of " L" Company dressed in rubber uni-
forms which covered the entire body. Chloride of lime was thrown
into the shell holes and life in this position continued as before.
CHAPTER XL
The Third Battalion Draws First Blood on the Enemy
In the night of August 22-23, twenty-four hours after the exper-
ience of the gas attack in the support position, the Third Battalion
relieved the Second Battalion in the front line trenches. " L" and
"M" Companies were placed in the front line, "M" Company at the
shell-torn village of Limey and " L" Company extended the line to
the left. "K" Company supported " L" Company, while "I" Company
formed the support for "M" Company. " L" and "M" Companies
each had one platoon located in the trenches which ran along the
Metz highway, forming the outpost position for the battalion.
Nightly patrols went out from the battalion. Volunteers for this
work were plentiful, for everyone wished to make a trip into the
notorious " No Man's Land." All had read and heard numerous tales
about this disputed section of the battle-field and many wondered
what it actually looked like and what could be found there. How-
ever, patrolling lost favor with certain members of the battalion on
the night of August 29th. On this night, the division had ordered a
demonstration of flares and rockets of every description in order to
familiarize the men with their appearance. Unfortunately, three
large patrols were scheduled to go out this same night of the exhi-
bition. At 9:00 p. m. the skies in front of the battalion position were
illuminated with fireworks of every description — red and green
rockets, parachutes, yellow smoke rockets and flares all helped to
decorate the sky. " Fritz," not being accustomed to such demon-
strations, took the matter more seriously and let go with everything
that he possessed in the form of artillery, machine gun and gas
equipment. In the meantime, the three patrols, one led by Lieu-
tenant Pine, another by Lieutenant Seith and another by Lieutenant
Messerole, were operating in "No Man's Land." This sudden out-
burst of fireworks from behind and artillery from in front made
them feel that they were between two fires. They did not know
which way to turn. Lieutenant Leedy carried a flash-light on his
belt and through some mishap the light was turned on at this criti-
cal moment and blazed its defiance directly toward the Boche lines.
This minor illumination was greeted by a shower of machine gun
bullets from the Boche and the members of the patrol proceeded to
hug the earth. Enemy artillery shifted to "No Man's Land" and mem-
bers of the patrols soon found themselves very uncomfortably situ-
ated and decided that a change of position would be beneficial.
This change took the form of a rear guard action. Members of the
patrols could be seen sneaking across "No Man's Land" into friendly
trenches the greater part of the night. The fireworks had no doubt
been instructive to some, but they caused patrols to lose their popu-
larity with others.
During the time the 353rd Infantry had occupied this "quiet"
sector, it had taken on life and activity. The Boche were becoming
Regimental History 353rd Infantry
The Third Battalion Draws First Blood On the Enemy 61
nervous. They were sending out nightly patrols that reached our
outpost positions and even made efforts to cut off advance listening
posts. German observation balloons increased in numbers and could
be seen at all times above their lines. Enemy aeroplanes made fre-
quent trips over the lines and it became apparent that they were
anxiously seeking information. It is true that the enemy had cause
to become excited, for behind the lines the Americans were massing
artillery of every description; six infantry divisions were concen-
trating on the right of the salient. Night after night the roads lead-
ing up to these lines were congested with traffic; supplies, ammuni-
tion, caterpillars and everything necessary for a big battle were be-
ing hauled forward.
Anxiety on the part of the enemy to gain information expressed
itself in another form on the morning of August 21. Just before dawn
a large well-organized raiding party came through the old trenches
of "No Man's Land" which connected the opposing lines. These
trenches had not been used for over four years but the enemy was
thoroughly familiar with the system and knew all the vulnerable
points.
A heavy bombardment on the positions occupied by "L" and "K"
Companies preceded the raiding party, while a box barrage was laid
down on "L" Company's outpost position along the Metz road, which
was held by the First Platoon of "L" Company, commanded by
Sergt. Harry C. Hyndman. The 354th Infantry was to the left of this
position and the space between the two regiments was covered by a
combined liaison post from each regiment.
The raiding party considered this portion of the line between the
two regiments as the most vulnerable, and following their barrage
closely, advanced toward the liaison post. As they approached,
several Germans called out in good English, "Don't shoot. We are
from the 354th." However, Corporal Billings from Company "L,"
353rd Infantry, in charge of the post, having heard of such tricks
before, became very suspicious, and after investigating the matter,
learned that a party of the enemy was approaching. He ordered his
men to withdraw, firing upon the enemy all the while, and upon
reaching his platoon, told Sergeant Hyndman of the enemy's ap-
proach. The sergeant was on the alert and already had his men well
in hand. The enemy were on the left flank in V-shaped formation;
a point of six men was in the lead while others followed close be-
hind. A larger body formed a support and remained about three
hundred yards to their rear. They were approaching rapidly down
the trench occupied by the platoon. The point had reached the first
dugout which had but a few minutes prior to this been vacated by
"L° Company men, and were throwing hand grenades into them.
The support was already getting a machine gun in place. The situ-
ation demanded immediate action. Just at this time Corporal Rice,
who was returning from a listening post to learn the cause of the
excitement, was caught in the trenches by the hostile point walking
along the parapet. He immediately brought his rifle into action.
62 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
His first shot killed the leader while his second shot wounded one
of the others. The point retreated in confusion. In the meantime,
Private Sun din had taken a good position with his automatic rifle
and was playing havoc with the advancing Germans. Sergeants
Hyndman and Hight had organized the remainder of the platoon in
a skirmish line reaching from the Metz road south two hundred yards
and were advancing on the opposing line, firing as they moved.
Major Blackinton's foresight had prompted him to send a trench
mortar outfit from Headquarters Company to support the First Pla-
toon, hut unfortunately it was not in position to shoot to the extreme
left flank. The trench mortar seemed to be useless at this time, but
Corporal Westfall in charge was determined to get into action and
proceeded to support the mortar with his hands and knees, while
one of his men fed it with ammunition. The trench mortar played
on the German support with such deadly effect that it broke and ran,
followed by those in advance. Two dead Germans were left by the
fleeing troops, but they succeeded in carrying away the wounded.
Prisoners taken the next night said that the raiding party had car-
ried back six of their dead and twelve wounded.
The situation met by Sergeant Hyndman and his platoon was a
serious one, for the Boche raiding party outnumbered his force at
least three to one and it was made up of special storm troops who
had had plenty of experience in this sort of work. The artillery
support given them was all they could ask for. The attack, coming
as it did in the early hours of the morning, was an acid test for new
troops and usually got results, but the conduct of the Third Battalion
men was worthy of veterans of several battles. They had met the
attackers aggressively and beaten them at their own game.
The rest of the men in the battalion made the important discovery
as a result of the bombardment that shell fire is not fatal to every
one within ear shot; that it takes a good many thousand rounds of
artillery ammunition to cause a few casualties. The ground and
trenches occupied by "K" and "L" companies were literally covered
with shell fragments after the raid but little damage had resulted.
On the whole, the net result of the raid was extremely valuable to the
men of the Third Battalion and only made them more confident of
being able to go over the top when the time came and drive the
Boche from the trenches that he had occupied so long.
On this occasion the battalion won the distinction of being the
first in the 353rd Infantry to come into actual contact with the ene-
my and draw German blood. Curiosity on the part of the Boche had
been satisfied. He had learned the caliber of the troops opposing
him and had received a sample of what to expect in the future. The
enemy had failed in his purpose to take American prisoners; "L"
Company suffered only five casualties; these were not serious enough
to be evacuated. The men had shown the true American fighting
spirit and had gained absolute confidence in themselves and in their
leaders.
The Third Battalion Draws First Blood On the Enemy 63
Although the Third Battalion had left the front lines for ten days,
it was necessary to advance the lines about one kilometer forward
in preparation for the big offensive that was soon to take place.
This was done on the night of September 2nd, "L" and "M" Com-
panies taking over one of the old trench systems about twelve hun-
dred yards north of the Metz road while "K" and "I" Companies
were placed in the positions which the other two companies had
left. The move was successful. The new positions were used sev-
eral days later as the jump-off line for the regiment in the great St.
Mihiel drive. The battalion ended its eventful tour of duty in the
front lines of the Lucey sector on the night of September 4th and
moved back to Manonville to the reserve position after two weeks in
the front line.
CHAPTER XII,
The First Battalion Again on thb Outouard Line
A Raid Fhustrated
The activities of the 353rd Infantry in the Lucey Sector center
around the town of Limey. For four years this little town, shell-
torn and deserted except for a few soldiers, lay on the border of "No
Man's Land." Trenches were in front of it, through it, and back of
it. The ruined church could be seen above the surrounding build-
ings from all parts of the advance position. Its steeple, only par-
tially intact, was a registration point for German artillerymen; and
the crowded cemetery in the rear was still frequently disturbed by
high explosive shells. In one corner stood a little open tomb with a
marble cross at the head. There was a story connected with this
cross. A German machine gunner had made his implacement in the
tomb back of the cross. The French soldiers in the counter-attack,
Limey, From the Limey -Noviant Road.
refusing to fire toward the cross, had taken him by main force. This
method had cost them fearfully but it gained the approval of all
who heard the story. And so historical interest combined with lo-
cations made Limey the land mark of the regimental sector, and po-
sitions came to be indicated from Limey.
'When the First Battalion took over the outpost for the second
time on September 4, 1918, Company "D" was assigned the position
to the front and immediately to the left of Limey. Company "B"
held Limey and to the right; Company "A" and "C" were in support
to the rear.
The First Battalion Again On the Out guard Line 65
The 89th Division had been in the line a month. During this time
the sector changed from a "quiet" to an "active" sector. Efforts on
the part of the Americans to gain information had aroused the sus-
picion of the Germans. Every movement brought down " Strafing."
Reliefs under these conditions were accomplished with great diffi-
culty. The platoons of Company "D" had to cross an open space of
three hundred yards to reach their position; but thanks to Fritz's
methodical tendencies of dropping shells at this particular time the
platoons reached their objectives in safety between bursts of fire.
Lieutenant Jones with his platoon held the forward position on the
right of the Company sector; Lieutenant Metzger with his platoon
held the center, and Sergeant Knowles with his platoon held the left
flank; Sergeant Hammond with his platoon held the reserve position
along the Metz road on either side of Company Headquarters.
The three platoons in the forward position covered a front of
about five hundred yards. Dispositions were so made that the inter-
vening ground between the various combating groups could be cov-
ered with automatic rifle fire. The groups, however, were too widely
scattered to support each other. It was necessary to maintain a
regular system of communication between the different groups by
means of runners. In case of attack each group was to hold to the
last man.
Holding the outpost line was the most trying duty that fell to the
lot of new soldiers. The following field messages tell of the diffi-
culties in getting up water and supplies :
Company B, Center X-I, September 8, 1918.
Memorandum to Lieut. F. A. Smith, Supply Officer:
Wish to call your attention to the fact that this organization
is again without water, as your driver only made one trip last
night.
It seems that your driver is unable to get through at night
because the roads are blocked. Request that you arrange to have
two carts of water here for this company by dark tonight, as you
must realize that we cannot get along on one load of water a day.
J. C. Hazlett, Captain.
353rd Infantry, Commanding Co. " B."
Company D, 353rd Infantry, September 8, 1918.
Memorandum to Captain Crump:
Would report that rations and water were not delivered to us
last night owing to shell fire, but had to be carried by a detail
from the company at Limey. Could not this be remedied? Un-
derstand that the Regimental Commander had forbidden drivers
to bring their wagons up the Metz road. Is this correct? If so,
some other arrangement must be made for our rations and water.
F. M. Wood,
First Lieutenant Infantry.
66 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
On the same day came this reply from Lieutenant Smith, the
Battalion Supply Officer:
Rations and water were not being taken down the Metz road
because my drivers were stopped by the guard and not permitted
to go out of Limey. They can haul to the kitchen just as easily.
Possibly the guard did not know of the new arrangement. The
Regimental G. O. ordered the use of the Metz road by the wagons.
Nor did the difficulties end with the simple delivery of rations
and water.
The mess sergeant had his greatest trials with the kitchen stove.
Charcoal was short; wood must be burned. But the wood could be
used only in case the smoke was thoroughly camouflaged. All in
vain — Fritz had spotted the kitchen. He immediately got busy and
sent over one of his "barrack bags." The kitchen force recognized
the peculiar sizzling and groaning of this one and made for safety.
The sound of the explosion was unusual; a direct hit on the kitchen
produced a loud clatter among the utensils. The stove itself and the
cans were perforated like sieves by the fragments. Fortunately no
one was hurt and since "chow" is three-fourths of the doughboy's
life, Fritz would have to pay dearly for this inconvenience a little
later. The kitchen stove was removed and the damage repaired.
From that time on cooking was done under the camouflage of dark-
ness.
But the difficulties did not end with cooking; carrying the food
from the kitchen to the men out on the line in heavy marmite cans
was the hardest kind of work. A long pole was run through the
handles of these cans. One man on either end placed the pole on
his shoulders and started tandem fashion down through the wind-
ing trenches to the different messing stations. In some cases the
journey was more than two kilometers. All of these efforts were
necessary to the simple maintenance of a hard life in the trenches.
The mission of the men on the outpost line was to give warning
of an attack and delay its action until the troops on the line of re-
sistance could be called to arms. Guard had to be maintained at all
hours and "stand-to" was observed both at dawn and dusk. An
enemy patrol or raiding party might attempt to penetrate between
the outpost positions. It must be repulsed; at any rate, no one must
be taken prisoner. The ten days allotted to each battalion on the
outpost line fairly used up the strength and vitality of the men.
All went on in the usual rounds until 4:50 on the morning of
September 7, 1918. At that minute the enemy suddenly opened up
with his artillery and it was soon evident that the entire company
was surrounded by a box barrage.
No time was lost in preparations to meet the attack. Rockets for
a counter-barrage were immediately sent up. One lone gun from the
supporting artillery responded. It was up to the doughboys to make
their stand alone. The possibilities of a hostile attack had been
The First Battalion Again On the Outguard Line 67
thoroughly discussed. The enemy would try to break through on
the flank; so Lieutenant Hunter with half of the reserve platoon
moved to the right flank; Lieutenant Wood with the cooks and head-
quarters men, about twenty in all, moved to the left flank. The en-
tire company was on the line and ready to resist to the last.
About seventy-five of the enemy had hit Sergeant Knowles' pla-
toon on the left flank and forced part of the men out of the trench.
''Potato masher grenades" were flying thick and fast. One lit at the
feet of Private Baird. Its explosion sent fragments of steel through
his legs, but he continued to fight on and hold his ground. In the
darkness a mix-up had taken place. Hand-to-hand fighting kept the
Germans from accomplishing their mission on this part of the line.
As Lieutenant Wood came up he saw a group of about fifty to the
left and to the rear of the left flank platoon. He quickly deployed
his force at right angles to the front line trench. It was impossible
to identify the men in the group. The question arose, "Could, this be
some of Sergeant Knowles' men who had fallen back?" This situ-
ation was rendered doubly uncertain when one in the group ahead
called out in good English, "Don't shoot." Lieutenant Wood, pistol
in hand and ready for action, moved up to investigate. He ordered
his men to keep low and hold fire until the command was given;
for, if they were enemies and firing should begin he would be caught
between the lines. As he crawled forward he called in a low tone
for the pass word. A moment went by, but it seemed like ages.
Could this man have forgotten the pass word? Many of them were
French names, difficult to remember. While these thoughts were
crowding through the minds of the men, the reply came — a flash of
fire followed by the report of a pistol. The shot went wild. The
Lieutenant was ready and replied with a hit. The figure standing
apart fell to the ground. Completely forgetting all commands and
Lieutenant Wood as well, the skirmish line opened fire; here was
Fritz, let him have it — had he not knocked the kitchen out yester-
day? What had he done that was good? But for him they would
all be enjoying life back home. But Sergeant Taylor had the men
well in hand. He remembered Lieutenant Wood, checked the fire,
and gave orders to advance. The men met Lieutenant Wood crawl-
ing back to join them. Again they opened fire and the group dis-
appeared in the darkness. The skirmish line followed close behind
to the wire entanglements where the enemy was making desperate
efforts to escape. Three were captured; two others received severe
wounds. As the retreating foe passed Corporal Phillips' outpost he
opened up with his automatic rifle; killed two and captured one
prisoner.
The situation had been puzzling to the men in the other two pla-
toons. Fighting was going on on the left and to the rear; rifle bul-
lets whistled over their heads, but no enemy appeared. The barrage
caught the extreme right of Lieutenant Jones' platoon; two were
killed and four wounded. Sergeant Wimmer in the center platoon
crawled up out of the trench in an attempt to make observations.
68 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
A sentry in the next firing bey took him for an enemy and opened
fire; the sergeant was instantly killed. Each platoon had suffered
losses in doing its part.
As the barrage lifted, the first gleams of daylight appeared. The
battle had lasted only a few minutes. The enemy had gone, carrying
with them many wounded and leaving eight behind. A check was
made in the company — three dead and seven wounded. It seemed
miraculous that the losses were not greater. The raid had been re-
pulsed and now a report must be made. The following order pays
an indirect tribute to those who shared in the fight and prints the
stamp of victory on the result :
Regimental P. C, Center X, 9th September, 1918.
SECTOR PROPERTY
SECRET
Memorandum for First Line Battalion:
1. Nightly patrols will no longer be given the mission of deep
penetration in order to obtain contact with the enemy.
2. The Commanding General desires you to maintain a patrol
program in order to cover the front of the regiment, but
these patrols must be strong enough to properly protect
themselves and avoid unusual risk of capture.
By Order of Colonel Reeves.
C. H. Biggs, First Lieut. Infantry,
N. A. Operations Officer.
All needed information had been obtained from the captured
Germans. The enemy, instead of gaining, had given information.
The losses were keenly felt in the company. It was sad to see these
men make the supreme sacrifice at this, the very bginning, of a glori-
ous campaign. For even while this raid was on, artillery was moving
into position to open the way for the big drive on September 12.
CHAPTER XIII.
The 353rd Infantry Goes Over the Top in St. Mihiel Offensive
The Second Battalion Makes the Assault
It is freely admitted that the outcome of a modern military of-
fensive is largely dependent upon the physical condition, intelli-
gence, and morale of the individual soldiers engaged. And yet the
magnitude and complexity of movement and forces is such that
there is little left for him but to "do and die" or perhaps as the
Americans put it, "do or die."
For more than a month the 353rd Infantry had been at the front
in the Lucey sector on the southern leg of the St. Mihiel salient.
Each battalion had taken its turn in the outguard, support and re-
serve positions. September 11, 1918, found the First Battalion for
the second time on the outguard line. The Second Battalion had
been redoubling its efforts to get ready for the assault and was now
in the support positions. The Third Battalion was in reserve in the
De Merve Woods. Each day had brought increasing signs of "some-
thing doin' " in the near future. The Second Division had estab-
lished headquarters in Manonville and were taking positions on the
right. Big guns were being pulled into place day and night; re-
connaissance parties of other organizations were carefully moving
about the sector. From the jumpiness and activity of his artillery
and the searching expeditions of his aircraft, Fritz must also have
sensed something unusual on the American side, but "D" Day found
the officers and men of the 353rd Infantry almost unaware of the
specific part they were to play in the great offensive of September
12.
Four long years the enemy had held the ground in the St. Mihiel
salient which the Crown Prince had won in his futile effort to take
Verdun. During these years, the German High Command had done
its best to make the positions secure by improving the natural ad-
vantages of the terrain with many strands of barbed wire entangle-
ments of every description and various types of field fortifications.
For, by holding this salient whose line extended approximately forty
miles with its apex at the town of St. Mihiel on the Meuse, the Ger-
mans could still threaten Verdun and prevent traffic over the rail-
road from Verdun to Nancy — a main line of lateral communication
-with the French forces on the left. To reduce St. Mihiel salient was
the immediate objective of the first ail-American offensive under the
personal command of General Pershing. It must be remembered in
this connection that General Pershing had insisted from the first
upon a distinctive American army. But up to this time emergencies
in the allied operations made it necessary to throw American divi-
sions into the line to check what the Germans had been pleased to
call their great "Victory Drive." Cantigny and Chateau Thierry
were, therefore, the forerunners of this first independent American
operation which had been planned a year before.
Regimental History 353rd Infantry
The 353rd Infantry Goes Over the Top in St. iiihiel 71
Id order to prevent any possible "leak" lo the enemy, all infor-
mation as to the plans of the drive was kept secret to the last mo-
ment. It was rumored that the Germans already had listened in on
telephone communications within the sector, so caution was per-
haps over-emphasized. Not until the evening of September 11th was
Colonel Reeves able to give final directions to his battalion com-
manders, who then gave instructions to company commanders, and
company commanders in turn gave instructions to platoon com-
manders.
In the plan of battle, the 353rd Infantry was to drive through the
enemy positions to the right of Mort Mare Woods. The Second Bat-
talion formed in two echelons with Companies "£" and "F" in ad-
vance, supported by Companies "G" and "H" at a distance of five
hundred meters made the assault. The Third Battalion similarly
deployed in depth was in support. Companies "B," " G," and "D"
of the First Battalion were to guard the left flank of leading waves
and to mop up Mort Mare Woods as the advance continued, while
Company "A" was to form combat liaison with the Second Division
on the right. The Regimental M. G. Company accompanied the as-
sault battalion. When the objectives of the first day had been
reached, the Third Battalion was to leap-frog the Second Battalion
and carry on to the final objective of the big offensive, with the
first in support and the second in reserve.
The plan itself was very simple in its conception. But it must be
remembered that no man in the 353rd Infantry was familiar with
the ground. To make matters even worse, maps and compasses
Trench to Plantation Humbert, Limey Subsector.
72 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
were scarce. At dusk the different outfits began to move to their
jumping off places. The roads were crowded with men. In the
darkness some groups lost contact with their own outfits and were
delayed in reaching their positions. Reliefs which were to have
been made by the Second Division troops were only partially car-
ried out. It was a dark night; a cold rain was falling — now a driz-
zle, now a downpour; the bottom of the trenches held water ankle
deep. This was the situation during the night of September 11th.
The Second Battalion, scheduled to make the assault on the fol-
lowing morning, moved during the night from the support positions
along St. Jean-Noviant road to the jump-off line out in "No Man's
Land." There crouched down in the mud-filled trenches -with thous-
ands of fellow Americans, we waited for the Zero hour. All surplus
clothing except raincoats had been stored and it seemed that Zero
was upon us while we shivered and waited for the hour. Officers,
non-commissioned officers, and runners continued to be busy. In
fact, there seemed to be plenty for everyone to do. It was impossi-
ble to remember all the instructions. One warning, however, stuck
fast — " No one goes to the rear." Final orders read:
" In a battle there no time to inquire into the identity or mo-
tives of persons who create panic, disorganization or surrender.
It is the duty of every officer and soldier to kill on the spot any
person who in a fight urges or advises anyone to surrender or
to stop fighting. It makes no difference whether the person is
a stranger or a friend, or whether he is an officer or a private."
— (G. O. No. 5, Headquarters Fourth Army Corps, A. E. F., Sep-
tember 6, 1918.).
So we waited for the time to go " Over the Top."
At exactly one o'clock the preparatory bombardment began.
More than a million rounds of ammunition were consumed in the
artillery preparation which lasted from 1 a. m. to 5 a. m. AH along
the line the sky was lit up with flashes of heavy-caliber guns, dis-
tributed in depth for almost ten kilometers to the rear. In the inter-
missions between deafening explosions could be heard the puttering
of machine guns. Very-lights and rockets of many colors went up
from the enemy lines, then came into view a new kind of fireworks
— a big ball of fire that seemed to explode in midair, fell to the
ground, and glided along as if on wheels. It was a sight that fas-
cinated the eyes. At first the sensibilities seemed to be numbed and
then electrified. Thus, after four years of comparative inactivity,
our "quiet" sector had come into its own with a vengeance.
There was practically no counter-bombardment of our positions.
This unexpected good fortune permitted us to continue final prepara-
tions for the jump-off. Small detachments from the 314th Engineers
assisted us in cutting our way through the wire, and clearing
trenches of obstacles. As early as 4 a. m. groups began to steal for-
ward until the entire battalion had formed up only a hundred yards
The 353rd Infantry Goes Over the Top in St. Mihiel 73
or so from the first German trench. Units were closed up as much
as possible, to escape the expected counter-barrage. At 5 o'clock an
almost solid wall of fire swooped down upon the enemy front line
trench — our barrage had begun. After twenty minutes it began to
roll back, as it swept slowly across the German trench system, com-
bat units of the Second Battalion, with wide intervals and dis-
tances, began to advance, following the barrage almost too closely.
At this critical moment word came that Major Wood was disabled
and Captain Peatross assumed command of the battalion.
The enemy's elaborate bands of wire in front of his position had
been little cut by the preliminary bombardment, and only by ener-
getically trampling and tearing our way through it could the bat-
talion advance. The enemy had made the mistake of matting it so
closely in some places that the determined, big-footed doughboys
were able to run over the top. In other places it had to be cut or
blown up with benglor torpedoes. The men lost no time but threw
off raincoats and drove ahead.
Our barrage had completely demoralized the scattering outposts
and practically no resistance was met in crossing the Ansoncourt
line of trenches. But as the advance companies approached Robert
Menil trench, they met deadly machine gun fire from the Euvezin
Wood. The next half kilometer, from this trench to within the
woods was one of bitter fighting. German machine gunners claimed
a heavy toll. Check in Company "F" totaled nine killed and twenty-
seven wounded. In Company "G" Lieutenant Wray had fallen, mor-
tally wounded at a hundred yards beyond the jump-off line. Stretch-
er Bearers Holmes and Lamson of his company had given up their
lives in an effort to reach him. Captain Adkins, so severely wounded
that he had to be helped along, kept forward in command of his
company for almost six kilometers until he was carried from the
field near Thiacourt. First Sergeant West was found with his rifle
to his shoulder, his head dropped forward. A bullet-hole through
his helmet told the story. Without regard to losses the men fought
on until the last German gunners were killed. " He's done every-
thing he could do, now it's up to him to pay the price," reasoned the
men as they mopped up the trenches to the last man.
Some losses occurred, too, from our own artillery. "Follow the
barrage," were the orders. As soon as the barrage had lifted from
an objective ahead the men moved up, not realizing that the artillery
would roll back almost to their own position before moving forward
again to the next objective. As a result, Lieutenant Shaw was the
victim of one of our own shells a minute after he had led his platoon
out but his example carried the men forward without their com-
mander and in spite of many losses. While Lieutenant Wickersham
was advancing with his platoon a shell burst at his feet and threw
him into the air with four mortal wounds. He dressed the wounds
of his orderly, improvised a tourniquet for his own thigh and then
ordered the advance to continue. Although weakened by the loss of
blood he moved on with his pistol in his left hand until he fell and
74 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
died before aid could be administered to him. Everywhere action
was heroic. Resistance and difficulties only brought it into the
sublime.
Eagerness of the men to get forward in spite of the delay due to
the machine gun resistance led to the serious error of telescoping on
the part of the supporting units. Company "H" had pushed up to the
right of Company "F" and Company "0" to the left of Company "E"
and the Third Battalion had come to within a few meters of our as-
saulting line. The Divisional Airmen swept low over the advancing
troops, waving and shouting at them to scatter. However, the ag-
gressiveness of the assault had had its effect upon the enemy. Re-
Third Objective, St. Mihiel Offensive.
sistance weakened at the edge of the woods. A few snipers up in
the trees continued to cause casualties, but American marksmanship
was proof against such tactics. As soon as a treeman revealed his
position, the crack of a rifle brought him tumbling like a squirrel to
the ground. In the woods, the men fell irresistibly into skirmish
line and dashed on through the thick underbrush. When Colonel
Reeves asked a small party of stranded marines what they were do-
ing in the rear of our men, they replied, "Tryin' to keep up with
them d corn huskers."
Out into the triangular open space between the Euvezin Wood
and the Beau Vallon Wood, combat units began to reform. Some
machine gun resistance developed on the left flank, but was quickly
overcome. The right was held up for a few moments by a heavy
machine gun implacement, until Sergeant Moore of Company "F"
The 353rd Infantry Goes Over the Top in St. Mihiel 75
succeeded in gaining possession of one of the guns and turning it on
the rest of the nest. The Vallon trench was not organized and the
enemy was in rapid retreat throughout the sector. The Third Bat-
talion was to pass the lines of the Second and take up the assault
beyond the Vallon trench, which was designated as the third ob-
jective. Some of the units had already entered the Beau Vallon
Wood. Colonel Reeves was on the ground. Realizing the confusion
incident to a passage of the lines in the timber, and fearing that in
some cases the third objective had not been fully developed, he
promptly ordered the Second Battalion to continue the assault until
the fourth objective, just beyond the Wood. Here the passages of
lines was made.
For five kilometers through the elaborate trench system and the
intricate wire entanglements of the enemy, through the densely in-
tertwined undergrowth of the woods, the men of the Second Battal-
ion had carried the assault. They had overcome desperate machine
gun defenses, and braved the explosion of shells in their midst. Four
hours and forty-five minutes the advance continued. Three officers
and nearly two hundred men were wounded. Four officers and
thirty-five enlisted men had made the supreme sacrifice.
CHAPTER XIV.
The First Battalion Mops Up Mort Mare Woods on the Left Flank
of the Regimental Sector and Forms Liaison With
Second Division on the Right Flank
From the first day on the front line in the Lucey sector, men of
the 353rd Infantry had faced Mort Mare Woods. For two and one-
half kilometers its ragged edge extended beyond our advanced po-
sitions. On the map its boundaries were well defined, but as it ac-
tually stretched out before our eyes, it showed uncertain limits lost
in the brush that had grown up since the beginning of the war.
Many of the old trees were scarred and disfigured by the fragments
of high explosive shells. Intelligence reports contained information
as follows:
"Area eight square kilometers, wire has been put all through
Mort Mare Woods and is about one meter high and varies in
depth. This wire is strung from tree to tree and does not follow
any regular line. In addition to the communicating trenches
which lead to the rear, there is evidence that the edges of the
fort openings through Mort Mare Woods have been prepared for
flank defense. It is probable that anti-tank guns are in position
to defend these passages. Batteries are scattered through the
The First Battalion Mops Up Mort Mare Woods 77
woods and also in the opening cut between the woods and the
second position. Machine gunners are known to be located — "
(Here followed a long table of co-ordinates.).
But to the doughboys, Mort Mare remained a patch of green
woods covering a mystery, until September 12. Of one thing we
were sure, it was occupied by the enemy. Men on duty in listening
posts had heard the Germans at their work. Captain Dahmke's one-
pounder had knocked some observers out of a tree. Patrols had al-
ready drawn the fire of its machine gunners, and there was no ques-
tion but that its foliage made up the camouflage for many big guns.
But just what was there no one knew until the morning of the
big offensive, when Companies "B" and "D" of the First Battalion
advancing on the left flank of the assaulting waves until well within
the enemy positions, turned to the left to mop up Mort Mare Woods.
(Company "C" continued on with the assaulting battalion to mop up
Euvezin Woods, while Company "A" formed combat liaison with the
Second Division.). It was what Colonel Reeves characterized in his
report on the St. Mihiel offensive, "A very delicate mission, one dif-
ficult to execute." In fact, the commander of the Second Division
anticipated serious difficulty from this quarter and placed an extra
battalion on his left flank for any emergency.
The First Battalion was holding the outguard line at the time of
the offensive. Only five days before, Company "D" had repulsed
the determined raid of the Germans at the cost of three dead and
seven wounded. Our companies had not been relieved and on the
morning of the 12th were still widely scattered. Under these condi-
tions Mort Mare Woods was easily translated "Sea of Death" for the
First Battalion.
Captain Wood (commanding Company "D"), in a personal ac-
count gives some details of the circumstances under which the duty
had to be performed :
" I received a message September 11 to report to Battalion
Headquarters. Arriving there I found the other company com-
manders already assembled. The battalion commander, Captain
Crump, was at Regimental Headquarters for final instructions.
When he returned at about five o'clock in the afternoon, we held
a conference in which we went over our orders for the drive to
take place the following morning.
"With the platoons widely separated, the short time left,
with the continuous shelling, the problem of holding a confer-
ence with platoon commanders when I returned to my own P. C.
was rather difficult. Finally, at eight o'clock, the four platoon
commanders with Lieutenant Hunter and myself assembled to
discuss the plans of the attack. Our mission was, after reaching
the second objective, to turn to the left and mop up Mort Mare
Woods.
Regimental History 353rd Infantry
" I gave the platoon commanders their final orders and then
prepared to move with iny headquarters and reserve platoon up
to Lieutenant Metzger's position. Just as we were prepared to
leave a man came running up to me and reported that Sergeant
Hammond, commanding the First Battalion, had accidentally
shot himself. I was almost upset. One platoon must go into
action under the command of a sergeant who knew very little
or nothing about the plan of action. Time did not permit me to
give him the information. The command went to Sergeant
Taylor. I felt that he would give a good account of himself and
his platoon.
German Pill Box in Bois "Y"
"At one o'clock sharp, the artillery preparation began. It
seemed that all hell had broken loose. There was a continuous
roar so loud that ordinary conversation was impossible. The
trenches were jammed with infantry men and machine gunners.
After making a hasty survey, I decided that it would be impossi-
ble to get the company together for the jump-off. We must as-
semble on the other side of " No Man's Land." " " * *
1 had had very little sleep during the week. My feet had been
wet all of the time. I was tired and knowing the next few days
would be a test of endurance, I lay down to rest at 2 a. in., and
soon went to sleep. My orderly awakened me at 4:30. The guns
were still pounding away with increased fury. I gave the order
for everybody to get into position.
The First Battalion Mops Up Mort Mare Woods 79
"At 4:45 it seemed that we were doomed to failure. Every
bit of the trench was jammed, making lateral movements very
difficult, so I crawled on top and tried to collect my men. It soon
became apparent that if we went on time I would have to go with
one platoon and trust to getting the company together later. I had
great confidence in Lieutenant Jones and the other platoon
leaders. At five o'clock the whole mass jumped out of the trench
and started through the wire. The first man to be killed in my
vicinity was Private Reyelts of "D" Company. He was hit by a
rifle bullet just as he jumped out of the trench. I became en-
tangled in the wire and had my leggins completely torn off. On
the way across we came in contact with Lieutenant Jones's pla-
toon. I now had half of my company together. At the foot of
the hill I looked back and saw the most inspiring sight of my
life. Streaks of light were breaking over the hill tops, leaving a
silver background for the thousands of advancing American sol-
diers silhouetted on the horizon. Each stern face showed de-
termination to mix it up with the enemy.
"For the first hundred yards w T e met with little resistance,
then the line was held up. I went forward and saw one man
lying in the trench shot through the leg. Another was lying be-
hind a bush receiving first aid. I started to cross to where they
were when machine gun bullets tore up the ground near my
feet. In the timber to the left, a path was cut through the brush
to a big tree where the gunners were located. I started a squad
to flank them out but they reported back that they could not get
through. Lieutenant Metzger then took a few men around to the
left and drove them out, but they got away. About the same
time, Mechanic Hanlin spotted a sniper in the same tree. With
one well-placed shot he brought him down dead. Hanlin, poor
fellow, was killed later in the day.
" We took advantage of the cover afforded by a ridge which
we had now reached to re-organize the company, and then started
to advance through the timber, but the company had split again.
I lost contact with the platoon on the right and did not see them
again until the next morning. While they were not with us they
did their part in an excellent manner. The mix-up was quite
general. I gained an entire platoon from Company "C" when
Lieutenant Lewis reported to me that he was lost.
" No sooner had the men entered the woods when there were
cries of "Kamerad" and the Boche began coming out with hands
in the air. They seemed rather stupefied as a result of the terri-
fic bombardment of our artillery. We lined them up in column
of two's and sent them back with a very small guard. The pris-
oners carried the wounded, both Americans and Germans. A
German officer refused to help carry a litter, but after receiving
80 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
about an inch of a bayonet he decided to obey. These are only
small incidents of the work in hand."
After the first determined resistance of the enemy had been over-
come, the men of the Second Battalion found their most serious
difficulty in getting through the underbrush. There were plenty
of narrow lanes, and in some places these were covered with cordu-
roy walks, but all of these were carefully avoided as machine gun
traps. The main business on hand was to rout the Germans out of
their dugouts where they had sought protection from the bombard-
ment, and start them to the rear. A shout down the entrance usually
brought forth a bunch with their hands over their heads. If answer
failed, down went a grenade to make sure that we were leaving no
enemies to the rear. When the grenade had done its work the
doughboy with his bayonet at "guard" made his way down the nar-
row passage. He must make assurance doubly sure, but above alt he
must satisfy his curiosity.
It was interesting to look into the home life of the enemy. His
dugouts deep down in the ground were comfortably and orderly ar-
ranged. Some of them even had rough sketches on the walls. How-
ever, these were only places of safety. His summer houses had all
the touches of rustic beauty. During his four-year stay Fritz had
given his spare time to making life livable even out here in the zone
Of action. The men of the 3535rd Infantry, who never expected to
The First Battalion Mops Up Mort Mare Woods 81
stay long enough in any one position to make it worth while to fix
up, learne'd a lesson in field comfort from the enemy. In the future
everything available, from elephant iron to featherbeds, was used
to the very limit to make even the fox holes habitable.
Special instructions had been issued to safeguard the lives of
prisoners in the following memorandum:
"The Commander-in-Chief has called the attention of the Di-
vision Commander to reports being circulated in Germany that
Americans kill those who attempt to surrender and has directed
an investigation to see if there is any foundation for such re-
ports. He has further directed that all officers and soldiers be
informed that an enemy who has not been guilty of treacherous
conduct and who offers to surrender shall be treated in accord-
ance with the laws and customs of war on land.
" The object of the German propaganda is undoubtedly to
make soldiers fight more bitterly and kill more Americans be-
fore they are finally killed themselves, rather than surrender
when the situation is hopeless.
" Officers and men should use discretion in accepting sur-
render, and in judging as to treacherous conduct. Firing into
the rear of our troops after they have passed a point may be
considered as an example of treacherous conduct."
So thick were the doughboys in the woods and so careful were
they in their task of mopping up that practically every one of the
enemy was accounted for when the first wave had passed. Every
prisoner had to be searched. At first Luger pistols were in great de-
mand as souvenirs, but as the number of prisoners multiplied, the
supply soon exceeded the demand. Compasses and field glasses then
came into preference.
Quite a few of the men were able to talk with the Germans, whom
they surprised beyond measure with the information that millions
of Americans were already at the front, and millions more were on
their way to France. According to German reports submarines had
made transportation absolutely impossible. Many could scarcely
believe their eyes as the countless men in khaki sprang up out of the
brush and pounced upon them. Some of the prisoners were young
and boyish looking, others were well along in years. Except for the
frightened look in their faces, most of them seemed to be in good
physical condition, and their clothing, too, was in good repair.
Evidently the Germans still had plenty of food and supplies, and as
for machine guns, the woods were full of them. But all day long
groups of men in gray-green uniforms were marched to the rear,
carrying their own and American wounded as they went. By even-
ing, more than sixteen hundred prisoners were credited to the 353rd
Infantry.
82 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
As soon as the strain of battle was over, appetites claimed atten-
tion. With no other thought than to satisfy their stomachs', the men
waded in on their reserve rations. They had missed a couple of
meals, so the pound of hard bread and two pounds of corned beef
did not seem to be an unreasonable allowance for a meal. As for the
3.4 ounces of sugar, 1.12 ounces of coffee, and .12 ounces of salt in
the condiment cans, it was not considered worth carrying along, so
they supplemented the hard bread and corned beef with such fresh
vegetables as the German gardens afforded and feasted as they moved
along, leaving a trail of empty cans and cardboard boxes behind
them. Little did they realize the wisdom of the army regulation
which measured this reserve ration to keep body and soul together
for two whole days.
By eleven o'clock, six hours after going over the top, the First
Battalion had performed its mission of mopping up Mort Mare Woods
and had joined the Regiment as regimental reserve on the 177th In-
fantry Brigade objective of the first phase. Much hardship had been
endured and comrades were missing, but the men of the First Bat-
talion were ready to " carry on."
CHAPTER XV.
The 353rd Infantry Lands on the Army Objective
The Third Battalion Takes the Lead
on the Fourth Objective
One of the most difficult phases of a great military offensive is
getting troops up to the jump-off line. Each battalion of the 353rd
Infantry had its own problem. Manonville had been turned over to
the Second Division and the evening of September 11th found the
Third Battalion in Minorville Woods almost 10 kilometers from the
front line. For two days the rain had been falling incessantly.
Everybody and everything was wet and disagreeable. So the men
were glad when orders came to march to Minorville where the men
of the Third Battalion were to take trucks for their positions on the
jump-off line. Hardly had our train reached Noviant, three kilome-
ters on the way, when the roads were so blocked that it was neces-
sary to detrain and proceed on foot. Time was passing; there was
but one thought — the Third Battalion must be there.
Some men of the Second Division had lost their way and were
over in our sector. Part of them continued their movement toward
the front; others were moving back for a new start. The road was
so crowded it was necessary to move in a single file. Even then
lines were continually broken by small bodies of troops cutting
across and milling from one side of the road to the other. Four files
of infantrymen were moving up and down the road in the darkness
at all times with an occasional machine gun company thrown in.
Traffic was frequently blocked by ambulances, trucks, and stranded
pieces of French artillery. The rain continued to fall and in places
water and mud were already knee deep.
In spite of difficulties we struggled on, for "tomorow was the big
day" — the day of the St. Mihiel offensive. We were to be in the
trench behind the Metz road by 11 p. m., for the bombardment was
to start at one o'clock in the morning. One o'clock came and with it
the terrific bombardment. Not a man of the Third Battalion had
arrived at the trench. We were still on the congested road doing
our best to get there. By three o'clock each company was reported
in place. It was to be a wonderful experience. Everyone wanted
to be present.
In the trenches no one seemed to mind the knee-deep mud. We
were soon to leave for " No Man's Land." The tremendous roar of
our guns was music to our ears for we knew they were playing havoc
with the Boche across the way. At 4:30 a. m. we moved forward
through the wire, so as to be immediately behind the first line
trench at 5:25 a. m. — "H" Hour for us. Here we waited in great
anxiety and impatience for the big offensive to commence.
The Third Battalion followed the Second in support until the
fourth objective had been reached. Part of the time during the ad-
vance to this objective the men were almost on the heels of the as-
84 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
saulting waves. In fact, eagerness to get forward had led the men
into the dangerous error of telescoping. But Fritz had already re-
ceived (oo much of a shock from his first contact with the Yanks to
think of waiting for heavier blows. So by 11 :30 a.m. the Third Bat-
talion was on the final objective of the first phase of the St. Mihiel
offensive — the ridge over-looking the Bupt de Mad south of Bouil-
lon v il le.
Where Sergeant Adams Captured 300 Prisoners in Bouillon ville
We continued fo hold and develop this position until 6 p. m.
Detachments pushed forward on the right through machine gun fire
and cut off traffic on the Bouillonville-Thiacourt highway, prevent-
ing the retreat of the Germans in this direction. On the left of the
line groups swung around and entered Bouillonville. Sergt. Harry
J. Adams followed a retreating German into town and discovered
that the enemy were hiding in a certain dugout on the side of the
hill. He fired his pistol into the entrance and ordered all inside to
surrender. Three hundred prisoners including seven officers filed
out and were marched to the rear. Sergeant Adams established the
record haul for the day.
But the halt on the first day's objective was not to last very long.
As the advance had progressed, orders were received at Division
Headquarters to continue on to the army objective. The Chief-of-
Staff, Lieut. Col. Kilbourne, personally directed Major Blackinton to
continue immediately to the army objective in the vicinity of
Xammes which was originally scheduled for capture on the second
day.
The 353rd Infantry Lands on the Army Objective 85
Advance toward this new objective was made without resistance.
But the battalion was soon overtaken by darkness. The Chief-of-
Staff rode back to the Regimental P. C. in rear on the fifth objective
and notified Colonel Reeves and the Brigade Commander, General
Winn. He assured them that the 26th Division on the left was al-
ready well on toward the army objective and that the Marines were
taking position on the right. "The honor of the division," he de-
clared, "is at stake. The 89th must fill in the gap."
The situation was one of extreme difficulty. Night was on. No
one had had a daylight view of the positions to be taken. The Third
Battalion was already advancing in the direction of Xamines, which
was to be on the extreme right of our new outguard line. Colonel
Reeves promptly directed Captain Crump and Captain Peatross to
German Pill Box, Second Battalion P. C. North of Bouillonville
proceed with their battalions to the high ground beyond Bouillon-
ville, while he hastened on ahead with his staff to the new position.
When he arrived there, it was dark and impossible for him to get
the lay of the ground.
Nevertheless, he again assembled the battalion commanders and
a few other officers and tried to give them the situation on his map
which was the only map available. In order to do this, he formed
a little circle of his staff, threw a shelter half over their heads to
keep in the light of his flash and showed them to position on his
own map.
" Blackinton," he said, "has gone on ahead to take a position
southwest of Xa mines; get in touch with him. The 355th In-
fantry should be on the left and the marines on the right. Take
your battalion. Crump, to a support position within a thousand
yards of the Blackinton and "dig in." You, Peatross, will be in
reserve approximately a thousand yards in rear of the support.
You must be out of sight by morning. "Dig in" for your lives."
86 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
So saying, Colonel Reeves with his staff moved off to some
shelter in a cut north of Thiacourt for a little rest.
In the meantime, the Third Battalion continued to advance slow-
ly but surely toward their position on the army line. The men had
fought hard during the day. They had had but little to eat and can-
teens were low. Previous loss of sleep, the strain and excitement of
battle taxed their strength to the utmost. The men were dead on
their feet. Suddenly, loud explosions broke the stillness of the night
and huge flames shot up, illuminating the sky above the enemy lines.
Everyone began to wonder what had caused these outbursts of
flames. Many thought our artillery had hit an enemy ammunition
dump, but our artillery was busy moving up and behind our lines
all was quiet. Other flames sprang up and then it was apparent that
the enemy was destroying material as he retreated out of the salient.
The victory was complete. With renewed inspiration the men plod-
ded on toward the army line.
Finally a halt was called. The men breathed a sigh of relief as
they began to "dig in." Soon the battalion was sound asleep in fox
holes, but their slumbers had to be disturbed. The objective had not
yet been reached. With difficulty, the men were awakened and the
march was resumed. Just before dawn the Third Battalion took its
position with the right flank resting on Xammes, while the line ex-
tended to the west six hundred yards. "I" and "K" Companies held
the outguard line while "L" and "M" formed the support. Once
more the men began to "dig in." It was none too soon, for observers
from the Hindenburg line a thousand yards to the front had detected
our arrival and greeted us with a heavy shower of large caliber
shells.
Colonel Reeves did not remain long in the shelter above Thia-
court. He was anxious about his regiment and soon set out to check
up the positions of the battalions. With his party he moved toward
Xammes expecting to pass through the Second Battalion in reserve
and the First in support, to the Third Battalion on the army line,
but no trace could be found of these battalions. Some marines were
stationed along the Beney-Thiacourt road, but they knew nothing of
the Third Battalion or any troops of the 353rd Infantry. Evidently
the marines had come up to this position after our troops had passed
on to the army line and our troops were on ahead. No one could
be located on the left flank at all. There was nothing to do but wait
for daylight. So Colonel Reeves withdrew with his party to Bouil-
lonville, trusting that his battalion commanders would have their
battalions out of sight in the morning.
Daylight found the Third Battalion on the army line. Both the
First and Second Battalions were "digging in" beyond the Beney-
Thiacourt road. Patrols had been pushed to both flanks but no
friendly troops could be found. The Second Division was not on the
right and the 355th Infantry was not on the left. A counter-attack
might be launched at any moment and the 353rd Infantry with the
Third Battalion on the line and the First and Second in support
The 353rd Infantry Lands on the Army Objective 87
would have to resist alone. The situation looked precarious. Early
in the morning of September 13th Major Blackinton sent back the
following message to Colonel Reeves :
"From C. O. 3rd Bn.
At Point 600 Yds. S. W. of Xammes,
9-13-18.
We are in position; have sent out flank patrols; neither 355th
is on our left nor the marines on right. We passed through both
of them last night. We have no machine guns and are under
fire of same. Send a M. G. Go. and some Engineers.
Blackinton."
During the forenoon of September 13th troops from the 354th
Infantry moved up on the left but were greeted with such terrific
shell fire that they were forced to retire. Golonel Reeves was on
the ground and realized the seriousness of the situation instantly.
He sent Gaptain Dienst across to find out who were these troops.
When told that they were a battalion of the 354th Infantry who had
gone too far forward and were retracing their steps, he personally
directed Lieutenant Benning and Gaptain Dienst in locating them
temporarily in nearby trenches.
Gradually, organizations found their place on the new line. A
Divisional Machine Gun Company joined the Third Battalion on the
army line. The First Battalion took up positions in support about
one kilometer south of Xammes and the Second remained in reserve
along the Beney-Thiacourt road. Regimental Headquarters were es-
tablished in Bouillonville. The 354th Infantry came up on the left
and the marines moved forward on the right. Shelling continued
throughout the day. Fritz was getting direct hits in various por-
tions of the regimental sector. There was nothing to do but to hold
on until our artillery could catch up with us later in the day.
This was the most trying warfare that the men of the regiment
had yet experienced. It was easier to go ahead than to lie still, and
especially to lie still without anything to eat. The men now looked
back with regret upon the hastiness with which they had used up
their reserve rations. In spite of the danger some men ventured out
into the town of Xammes in search of food.
They rejoiced in their discoveries. Fritz had left material of
every description behind in his hurried evacuation of the town. It
was not long before men in khaki were putting it to good use. Rab-
bits, vegetables, honey, bread, apple-butter, even beer and wine
awaited the hungry men in a captured store-house. Sacks, too, were
available to carry it to the positions. Kegs of beer were maneuvered
to P. C. amid the bursts of enemy shells and the shouts of joyous
Kansas prohibitionists. Each battalion came in for a share. Stretch-
er bearers carried the wounded to the Third Battalion Aid Station in
Xammes and brought back on their stretchers food and drink for all.
It was a grand feast and morale soared.
88 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
When their appetites had been satisfied, the men set about the
problem of making themselves comfortable. Huge feather-beds and
comforters were borne in triumph to the funk holes. Some Boche
aviators came over our lines. The spectacle seemed to have had the
same effect on them that a red flag has on a bull. Shelling increased.
Orders followed forbidding anyone to leave his funk hole during the
day and at night everyone was kept busy on the development of the
new defensive line.
CHAPTER XVI.
The 353rd Infantry Helps Develop the Army Line
in the eltvezin sector — xammes
Word came on September 13th that the patrols from the 42nd
Division had met patrols from the 26th Division pushing southeast-
ward from the western face of the salient. The real purpose of the
St. Mihiel offensive was accomplished. The railroad line from Tout
to Verdun was now cleared and lateral communication between the
German "Pill Box" North of Thiacourt
northern and southern parts of the allied battle line had been short-
ened by many kilometers.
The men of the 353rd Infantry were proud of the impression
their division had made upon the enemy. A German field order
picked up during the drive characterized the 89th as "a good Ameri-
can shock division and one that sent out many strong patrols."
They were especially proud of the esteem in which they had come to
be held by the veterans of the Second Division. The 353rd Infantry
had advanced side by side with these regulars made up of the 9th
and 23rd Infantry and two regiments of marines. It was good to
hear these old boys say, " Buddies after our own hearts." And a
great friendship sprang up between the two divisions based upon
mutual respect for each others fighting ability.
90 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
A mere command would have sent the men of the 353rd Infantry
on to the Hindenburg line — less than a thousand kilometers to the
front. In fact, there was quite a bit of curiosity about this famous
Hindenburg line. Rumors had reached us that its shelters and the
parapets of its trenches were built of solid concrete. As a matter of
fact it was simply a line of great natural strength along high ground.
This was nothing new, for in all the fighting experience of the 353rd
Infantry Fritz held the high ground. It was our business to take it
away from him. But orders were to organize a new defensive posi-
tion along the line now occupied. We who were being "strafed"
day and night by the German artillery could not understand the halt.
We did not know that reserve artillery had begun already on the
night of September 12 to shift to the Meuse Argonne sector. As the
hours went by, Fritz evidently expected the big offensive to continue
on to Metz. At any rate he increased his artillery fire with all his
might and kept our ambulances busy hauling in the casualties.
Trenches West of Xammes
The men of the 353rd Infantry were quick to see that their only
safety in "digging in." Some had lost their shovels and had to
make out with a bayonet or mess-kit lid. But it was surprising what
progress could be made with these implements under the inspiration
of high explosives. Even Captain Portman, six-foot-six and big all
over, was soon out of sight. Men who had lost their shovels salvaged
others wherever they could find them, From this time on no man
was without a shovel. Gradually fox holes were dug deeper and soon
developed into trenches.
As casualties increased, orders became more and more rigid.
Officers and men were placed in arrest if they appeared above
ground in the day time. This new sector soon took on the desolate
appearance of the old positions around Limey. However, the avia-
tors furnished some exciting diversion. For the first few days after
the offensive, the allies robbed Fritz of his freedom of the air as
well as his "freedom of the seas." Our planes were everywhere as
soon as a German birdman appeared in the sky. Each circled and
The 353rd Infantry Helps Develop the Army Line 91
dipped as they maneuvered for position, then a flame would burst
out and down like a rocket would dash some poor devil to his death.
In one battle six planes went down in less than fifteen minutes. It
was up to the aviators to keep Fritz in darkness about the movements
going on behind our lines. And they did their duty well.
September 13th the marines charged up the slope at Mt. Plaiser
Farm. Without artillery support, machine guns cut their ranks to
pieces. Some of them were blown into the air by direct artillery
fire. Three monster tanks, the only ones we had seen up to this time,
glided into action but soon returned. The task was too costly with-
out artillery but on the next day when our guns arrived they put it
across.
Meanwhile the men kept straining their eyes in the direction of
the kitchens. The supply train had many difficulties in reaching
the new positions and not until the night of September 13th did any
hot food reach the men out on the line. The German food found in
Xammes had helped out immensely for the time being but it lacked
the quality of permanent satisfaction. The kitchens were finally
established in Bouillonville and hot food was hauled out every night
after dark. There was only one regular meal a day but there was
plenty of it. In addition to the regular meal, there were generous
supplies of "bully beef," hash, tomatoes, and hard bread. With these
extra supplies and the heat of solidified alcohol, the men managed
to supplement their regular meal to their entire satisfaction.
The town of Bouillonville was not only a convenient location for
the kitchens but proved in many other respects the most valuable
find in the 353rd Infantry area. It lay along the Rupt de Mad just
back of a steep hill in complete safety from hostile artillery. The
Germans had had a field hospital here, bathing facilities, many
gardens and other conveniences. Our artillerymen had been careful
in their preparation for our advance to drop their shells on either
side but very few had fallen in the town itself. The Germans, how-
ever, in their attempt at a hasty retreat had left things in hopeless
confusion. Wagons piled high with all manner of household equip-
ment were standing in the streets. Driver and horses had been
killed by the fragments of high explosive shells. The train with its
little cars heaped up pell-mell was standing over on the narrow
gauge tracks. It, too, was caught in the barrage before it could be
pulled out. Dead cooks were scattered about their kitchens where
they had been busy preparing the noon meal. Doubtless this little
town had been home to many of them, so long that they could not
readily leave its tasks and treasures, or perhaps they did not think
that the offensive would reach them so quickly. At any rate, wait-
ing cost many of the occupants their lives as well as their posses-
sions.
When our men first came to Bouillonville, they picked up souve-
nirs and passed on. But soon details were at work putting things in
order. In a few days the wreckage was cleared away. The Red
Cross opened up quarters. The showers were promptly put into
92 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
The 353rd Infantry Helps Develop the Army Line 93
operation. Groups of men came in from the line for baths and much
needed change of clothing. Mother Fitzgerald and Miss Hermance
were adding touches of service here and there that made the whole
community seem civilized.
But the weather had begun to be cool and it was only with the aid
of German blankets and material that the men escaped suffering.
Conditions of food and shelter and the constant shell fire began at
last to tell on the nerves of the men. Timely relief came on the night
of September 18-19. The 354th Infantry now took over the sector.
After midnight, the battalions marched back in rear of Bouillonville.
The regiment was now designated Divisional Reserve. Time was to
be spent in rest and training.
Holding the line had tested the men even more severely than the
offensive of September 12th. There was a kind of satisfaction and
excitement in driving the enemy from his positions, but when it
came to lying still for six days under his artillery fire it was almost
more than the men could endure. But, in the experience, the men of
the 353rd Infantry had learned among other things to respect re-
serve rations, to "dig in" and to keep down in their holes. They
were now seasoned soldiers.
In our first battle we had captured many prisoners and much
material; we had helped to straighten out the St. Mihiel salient, and
had helped establish and organize an entirely new line of defense
which was held by the American troops until the armistice. It was
a good piece of work, and the men felt they had earned a little rest.
CHAPTER XVII.
Back to the Line in the Beney Subsector — Suicide Woods
The Second Battalion on the Outguard
Almost before the battalions had halted on their way back to the
positions as Divisional Reserve, orders came to relieve the 356th In-
fantry in the Beney subsector. We were "out o* luck" again. This
new position was just to the left of the one previously occupied in
the vicinity of Xammes. Company commanders and platoon ser-
geants dragged themselves wearily back to the front line on the night
of September 19th. At the very time of the reconnaissance the Ger-
mans attempted a raid on the 42nd Division (Rainbow) occupying
the sector to the left. As a consequence the reconnoitering parties
received a hard shelling as a welcome. The first impressions of this
sector were, therefore, anything but favorable.
Fortunately, the relief was postponed for twenty-four hours and
we were given another day to clean up and replace shortages of es-
sential equipment. Even in this position on the southern edge of
Beau Vallon woods we had not escaped the shelling of Fritz's long-
range guns. There was considerable speculation about the location
of these guns that followed us with their devilish H. E. shells. Ru-
mor had it that we were receiving fire from the fortifications around
Metz, but this was only one of many rumors. The situation of most
concern was the return to the front line where Fritz registered so
many direct hits.
On the night of September 21-22 after a march of more than
twelve kilometers over muddy roads, carrying heavy packs and new
supplies of ammunition, the Second Battalion again entered the out-
guard line. Just before entering the open space between Xammes
Woods and Dampvitoux Woods the battalion had been held up by
vigorous shelling but the relief was effected in good time without
casualties. Our outposts extended from the broad gauge railroad
track on the left where we had a liaison group with the famous
Shamrock Battalion of the Rainbow Division, along the northern
edge of Charey Woods, across the low open ridge to about a kilome-
ter east of the northern tip of Xammes Woods where we connected
up with the outposts of the 354th Infantry. The companies on the
outguard line from left to right were : "G," "E" and "H." "F" Com-
pany was in support in the northern edge of Dampvitoux Woods.
During the day time troops in* the open meadow drew back to alter-
native positions in the Xammes Woods. The First Battalion was in
support, back farther in the Dampvitoux Woods. The Third Bat-
talion was in reserve immediately west of Beney. Regimental Head-
quarters were established within the confines of this shell-frequented
little town. The rear echelon remained in Bouillonville. Thus the
men of the 353rd Infantry again found themselves actively opposed
to the enemy.
Back to the Line in the Beney Subsector 95
98 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
in Companies "G" and "F" except those on the outguard line left his
hole to bring in the wounded. Company and battalion first aid men
did their best for the sufferers and details were soon on their way
carrying them to the rear.
The time was drawing on toward the beginning of the Meuse-
Argonne offensive. Activity on our part was necessary to hold the
attention of the enemy in this sector. Hardly had we recovered from
the effects of the bombardment of September 23rd when the Second
Battalion was ordered to furnish a raiding party to clear Dommartin
Woods. A general bombardment was to take place on the enemy
lines from 11 p. m. until dawn. Major Peatross named Companies
"G" and "H" to supply fifty men each for the raid. Company com-
manders of these companies volunteered to lead their respective
parties. But just before dark orders recalled the raid and instruc-
tions followed, "Dig in for your lives." The general bombardment
which marked the beginning of the Meuse-Argonne offensive was on.
The enemy expecting an attack on this part of his line would surely
pound us in this sector with all of his might. Every minute until
the shells began to tear through the tree tops, the men plied picks,
shovels and axes with feverish anxiety. Holes were deepened and
cover piled over them.
At 11 o'clock our bombardment with 2417 guns began. Fritz
began "strafing" in reply and kept consistently at it throughout the
night. Shells of all caliber were distributed over the area of the
353rd Infantry with a special concentration along the railroad.
Time seemed to stop as the men calculated the destination of shells
from their peculiar whistle. Whenever indications pointed to one
with "our number on it" men hugged the bottom of their fox holes
a little closer. Some held muscles as rigidly as possible to keep
themselves in hand; others grasped the walls of their shelters. Sev-
eral direct hits were recorded. Sometimes when two were in the
same hole, one would be taken and the other left. Among the casual-
ties appeared quite a number of shell shocked cases. Finally the
most terrible bombardment yet experienced came to a close.
At daybreak a German plane flying low over our positions tried
to discover w r hy no assault had taken place. Once more the high
command received a painful surprise. They had miscalculated the
intentions of their opponents. Instead of continuing the drive
toward Metz, the first American army had gone over the top west of
the Meuse in the initial stages of the great Meuse-Argonne offensive.
The general bombardment had served its purpose well. The German
divisions hurriedly brought to defend Metz were at least a hundred
kilometers from the scene of the new offensive.
After September 26th the High Command hurriedly withdrew
some of the forces opposite us in their general attempt to stay the
advanced Americans in the Argonne. Artillery fire became less ac-
tive. Two or three days of fine weather brought back the spirit of
the men and activity on our part continued. Each night we dug
trenches along the outguard line and strung wire in front of our po-
Back to the Line in the Beney Subsector 99
sition under the direction of officers and non-commissioned officers
of the 314th Engineers. The impression was abroad that we would
"dig in" and hold the line for winter.
Every evening a patrol went out under the direction of Lieuten-
ant Melvin, scout officer of the Second Battalion, to keep contact
with the enemy and reconnoiter the wired zone around Dampvitoux
and Dommartin. The patrol on the night of September 27th did not
draw enemy fire and the leader was unable to report contact. There
had been persistent rumors of wholesale withdrawal on the part of
the enemy in this sector. Brigade and Divisional Headquarters in-
sisted upon information. The following order came from Brigade
Headquarters September 28th:
Headquarters, 177th Inf. Brigade, A. E. F.
MEMORANDUM NO. 88. September 28, 1918.
To Commanding Officer, 353rd Infantry:
Subject: PATROLS.
1. It will be understood that the mission of the nightly
patrols is to obtain contact with the enemy and ascertain defi-
nitely whether or not the enemy remains on our front in sub-
stantially the same positions as heretofore, or whether they have
withdrawn. In case it is found that the enemy has withdrawn,
the patrols will follow up until contact is actually obtained.
2. In the event that a patrol at night does not obtain con-
tact with the enemy, patrols will be sent out during the day, in
strength such as the circumstances may require to obtain this
information and they will continue to be sent forward until this
information is obtained.
By Command of Brigadier-General Winn.
(Signed) — George H. English, Jr.
Major, Infantry, U. S. A., Adjutant.
Hdq. 353rd Infantry, France, 28th Sept., 1918.
To C. O., 2nd Bn., 353rd Infantry. For Compliance.
Accordingly Lieutenant Melvin organized a patrol from the scout
personnel of the Second Battalion and moved out in broad daylight
to reconnoiter Dommartin Woods. As soon as the three men in ad-
vance had entered the thicket, the enemy opened up with severe
machine gun fire. Scout Lukins was captured. Scout Norby, al-
though severely wounded, hid in the woods until night when he
managed to drag himself back to our lines. Contact with the enemy
had been established, but the only man ever taken prisoner from the
Second Battalion was now in the enemy's hands.
The morale still remained high in spite of all these trying ex-
periences. But many weeks in the front lines in the Lucey sector,
the offensive of September 12th, the occupation and organization
of the new line, the long nightly marches, and continued exposure
to the rainy weather had begun to tell on the physical resistance of
the men. At last on the night of September 30th, after ten days in
"Suicide Woods," the 353rd Infantry was relieved by the 356th In-
fantry but only to take up the sector to the left.
20006 A
CHAPTER XVIll.
Another Shift to the Left St. Benoit Si; b sector
The battle in the Argon ne Forest was now on in all its fury.
American divisions were being gathered from training areas and less
active portions of the line for a -part in this great final offensive of
the war. Among those called was our neighbor on the left — the 42nd
Division. Thus it fell to the lot of the 353rd Infantry to take over
the St. Benoit Subsector on September 30th.
P. C. Reeves, St. Benoit.
The outguard lines in this sector were now very thinly held.
Companies "A" and "B" took over these positions in the new sector.
The Third Battalion and the Regimental Machine Gun Company were
in support in the vicinity of St. Benoit. The Second Battalion plus
Companies "C" and "D" were in reserve in the Beney Woods. The
advance Post of Command of the regiment was in the chateau in
St. Benoit; rear echelon of Regimental Headquarters in La Marche;
and the Supply Company in N on sard Woods. While the intensest
operation was on in the Argonne Forest, there was still enough ac-
tivity in this sector to make life interesting. During the night of
the relief, big shells lit in the Beney Woods. "H" Company's water
wagon team was killed just as the driver was pulling into the reserve
positions. However, troops on the outguard and in the support po-
sitions in the vicinity of St. Benoit suffered much from shelling.
Another Shift to the Left St. Benoit Subsector
102 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
As had been the previous experience on this front, there was
plenty to do in the development of the positions. Every night dig-
ging and wiring parties went to the front. The enemy had only re-
cently been in possession of this territory, and knew every path and
point of tactical advantage. While a working party was taking tools
on the night of October 3rd from the captured supply dump in St.
Benoit, German artillery bombarded with gas shells. "H" Company
suffered ten casualties.
When the blinded victims were led back through the sector on
the following morning, there was a sort of mute determination in
the faces of their comrades which forbode little mercy in future
grips with the enemy, and the aggressive spirit of the regiment grew
stronger than ever. Lieutenant Pine, with Sergeant Zimmerman,
Corporal Shupe and a few others executed a most successful patrol
into the town of Haumont whose ruins lay well toward the German
side of "No Man's Land." Contact was gained with an enemy
"chow" detail. Our men were experimenting for the first time with
automatic shot guns. This fire-arm appealed immensely to the in-
fantrymen, perhaps because of their familiarity with it in civilian
life. Its first application on this occasion brought down two of the
enemy; two others were glad to surrender as prisoners.
The patrol returned in a very happy frame of mind. Their con-
versation and singing attracted the attention of Captain Dahmke
who was in charge of the outguard line. His challenge brought back
the answer, "A patrol." "What kind of a patrol is it?" he asked next
in no uncertain terms. "A pretty good kind of a patrol," replied
the leader, "we have two prisoners." With a warning to keep quiet,
Captain Dahmke passed the patrol to the rear.
But the contrast of activity in this sector to that of the one pre-
viously occupied made it appear like a "quiet sector." Moreover, a
fine set of showers was located at La Marche, only a couple of kil-
ometers away. Companies took turns for a general clean up. Plenty
of clothing was available. Captain Keim had put the local laundry
into operation. All that was required of the men was to shed their
clothing, take their bath, and walk away with a new outfit. Rations
were plentiful. In the reserve positions, the kitchens were located
in the area occupied. It was a rest to be free from "chow" details.
The weather, too, cleared up and conditions became quite satis-
factory.
There was a marked improvement in the morale of the men until
orders called for the delivery of all enemy property in the hands of
the men. Previous souvenirs must be turned in under pain of court
martial. Careful inspections disclosed twelve leather belts, thirteen
pair of field glasses with cases, twenty Lugers, two sabers, and quite
a few other minor trinkets, valuable only in the associations of their
acquirement. It was hard to part with these keepsakes. One buck
prilosophized, "I nearly lost my life over this d Luger and I
guess I can't afford to take any chances on disgrace by keeping it."
So complete reports were rendered.
Another Shift to the Left St. Benoit Subsector 103
Joys came along with the disappointments. On October 5th news
reached us in the following form :
Headquarters Fourth Army Corps, October 5, 1918.
Official dispatch received by Swiss Telegraphic Agencies.
Germany, Austria Hungary and Turkey have asked for an im-
mediate armistice with their enemies, looking to peace discus-
sions based on the fourteen points of President Wilson, the four
points of later speech and the speech of September 27th.
Sweden has been asked to transmit this telegram:
"The Austria Hungary monarchy, which has always fought
a defensive war and has shown its desire to end the struggle
and to make a just and honorable peace, proposes to the
President of the United States to conclude an armistice with
him and his allies, on land and sea and in the air and to enter
immediately afterwards into negotiations for the conclusion
of peace on the basis of the fourteen points of President
Wilson's message to Congress of February 8, 1918, and the
four later points in his speech of February 12, 1918, and also
taking into consideration the declaration of the speech of
September 27, 1918."
But so far as we were concerned, there were no orders to
"CEASE FIRING."
More plausible news came to camp on October 7th. A special
Divisional Memorandum read:
"The division is moving to the back areas after two months
arduous duty in the line. Due to the progress of events further
west it is to be expected that the duration of the division's stay
in the back area will be a short one.
"The Division Commander therefore directs that the first
three days in the back area be employed to clean up and rest.
"Nothing in this order or in the orders of subordinate com-
manders is to be construed as a let-up of discipline. On the con-
trary the discipline as well as the personal conduct and appear-
ance of the men must be strictly held to the standards of this
division."
On October 8th the 37th Division came from the Argonne drive
to take over the sector. According to information from them, the
war was by no means over. Surely the telegram transmitted through
Sweden was not consistent with the facts on the ground.
Whatever the future held, the 353rd Infantry had done its duty
in the Pannes-Flirey-Limey sector. The regiment had been continu-
ally on the front, from right to left — Xammes, Beney, and St. Benoit
in order. Each battalion had had its turn on the outguard line. The
ranks were very much depleted but in every instance the regiment
had acquitted itself as a first class fighting organization.
CHAPTER XIX.
On the Way to the Meuse-Argonne Offensive
The transition from the Pannes-Flirey-I.imey sector to the scene
of the Meuse-Argonne offensive falls readily into three phases. The
first phase concerns the relief from the old sector. Division Field
Order Number 29, dated 4 a. m., October 6, 1918, stated:
"This division will move to and occupy area Bouconville-
Bernecourt-Royaumeiz-Boucq (Exclusive) -Corneiville."
Ruins of Chateau, Count de Luynes, St. Benoit.
Billeting details had left the sector ahead of time for the new
area. Their destination was unknown, but all indications pointed
to replacements and a period of recuperation for the 89th Division.
Troops of the 37th Division were a day late in making the relief,
and there was some uncertainty about transportation. The Second
Battalion, however, was fortunate enough to secure truck transpor-
tation which carried the men in good shape to Jouy by 1 a. m., Oc-
tober 9th. The First and Third Battalions were left to make their
way out on foot. The First Battalion arrived in Jouy about noon of
October 9th. The Third Battalion landed in Corneiville on the same
day.
Lieutenant Gallenkamp, the historian of the Third Battalion, gives
a vivid account of the Third Battalion's march from St. Benoit to
Corneiville.
On the Way to the Meuse-Argonne Offensive 105
"At 8 p. m. October 8th, the Third Battalion began the most
strenuous march ever experienced by its personnel. Company
kitchens had been gone since October 6th. Reserve rations were
running low. We started out with empty stomachs. Everyone
carried heavy pack and full combat allowance of ammunition.
It was raining; the darkness was intense. For twelve weary
hours the battalion made its way from St. Benoit, past Mont Sec,
to Corneiville, over the muddy, shell-torn roads of France.
"Major Blackinton led the march. The battalion followed
silently in single file on either side of the road. Occasionally a
man would fall to the ground as he slipped on the side of a shell
hole. But always a buddy extended a helping hand, and a word
of encouragement from another would give him renewed de-
termination to continue the weary journey. At the end of every
fifty minutes came a ten-minute rest period. During this little
breathing spell, each man rested his heavy pack on the ground.
At its close he was back again in the ranks. Every man was
still plodding on when the column passed grim old Mont Sec at
dawn.
"Mont Sec was of special interest to the men because of its
place in the St. Mihiel salient. The Germans had held it for four
years. We had heard, during our early days in the line, that the
French lost thirty thousand men in repeated efforts to wrest it
from the foe. With the aid of the Americans it had been taken
during the first few hours of the St. Mihiel offensive. It was
now in our possession and out of the danger zone. Its very ap-
pearance was some compensation for the hardships we were en-
during.
"With daylight came hope for the end of the journey. Boucon-
ville was in sight. We reached the town at 8 o'clock in the
morning and halted for rest. To our bitter disappointment,
however, march was resumed at 4 p. m.
"All the while the men were under the impression of the Di-
vision Memorandum regarding a "back area." So they continued
ahead with determination until midnight when the battalion
reached the town of Rangeval and sought refuge in an old mon-
astery. This little town lay just to the east of Corneiville but the
men were too tired and too sore to think of their location.
Every man slept so soundly that it was almost impossible to
arouse him the following morning. But we did not have much
farther to go; the march soon ended abruptly in Corneiville."
The 353rd Infantry was out of the line at last. Rumors flour-
ished that the 89th Division would go farther back to a training area
around Bar-le-Duc. Trucks were waiting in Corneiville to transport
the Third Battalion, and in the meantime other trucks had arrived
at Jouy for the First and Second Battalions. This was the situation
at the close of the first phase of the transition to the Argonne sector
on October 9th.
106 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
The second phase begins at about 2 p. m. the same day when the
men loaded into the French trucks — eighteen men to a lorrie. A
captured machine gun with ample supply of ammunition was in-
stalled in every fifth truck, presumably for anti-aircraft defense.
At any rate the men caught the cue. There was no question now
about our destination. By 3:30 in the afternoon the 353rd Infantry
was on its way not to a training area, but to the bloody battle-field
of the Meuse- Argon ne.
Lieutenant Morgan, historian of the Second Battalion, tells the
story :
"The French and Chinese drivers did not seem to care
whether we came to an untimely end on the battle-field or
against a tree along the roadside. A few trucks did go into the
ditch, one ran through a stable, two had a head-on collision, and
one caught on fire, but fortunately no one was hurt in all these
mishaps. The trucks tore madly on. If one was not able to
keep within a prescribed distance of the one ahead, a faster one
was obligated to dash past and fill up the gap. Gradually all
the speedy trucks took the lead, while slower ones were scattered
for many kilometers back along the roadway. It was a race long
to be remembered.
"In the early twilight we passed through Commercy, the first
modern French town we had seen. The well kept gardens and
lovely paths along the flower-bordered canal were a striking
contrast to the desolate ruins and neglected fields we had known
at the front. Then it was westward toward Bar le Due, until it
seemed that our dream of a stay there was to be realized. But
instead we turned the corner at Erize and shot away northward
over the famous Bar le Due- Verdun highway, the road that had
saved France during the terrible siege of 1915-16.
"We had been over the top once, we had lived under shell
fire until the romance of battle was dead. If we were to get out
of these trucks and rush into battle in the morning, we were
prepared to do so, but we weren't going into the thing for the
pure love of fighting. It was a cold proposition of so much to
be done, of "carry on" until Fritz put one over with the right
number on it. Far away to the north the sky flamed and flashed,
and above the roar of the trucks could be heard the dull pound-
ing of heavy artillery. From somewhere behind the horizon
went up that accursed four-star rocket we had hated so at Limey.
There was more work to be done. " Carry on."
"At one o'clock came a long halt in the shell-torn village of
Recicourt. After nearly an hour a French officer came back
along the column, shouting, "Debarquement, debarquement."
So debark we did, but upon investigation it was found that we
were still five kilometers from our destination. The "Frogs"
refused to transport us further, so it was hike once more over a
high hill to Brocourt into an old orchard on a hillside west of
On the Way to the Meuse-Argonne Offensive 107
the village. Details sent forward days before to pick out good
billets for the Second Battalion, informed us that this was to be
the billeting area. In the early dawn of October 10th we
dropped down on the wet grass and slept until the sun was high.
"Rolling kitchens were coming in a separate train, but had
not yet arrived. Animal-drawn transportation was to make the
entire trip from the St. Mihiel front by forced marches. So we
had to content ourselves with a cold breakfast of corned willie
and hard tack.
"In the forenoon we moved about three kilometers to another
area, where shelter could be had for most of the men in aban-
doned French artillery shacks. Mess sergeants rustled stoves
and a few cooking utensils, and we were able to have another
hot meal. But just before dark it was found that we were biv-
ouaced in an area assigned to another army corps, so it was
"move again." In the gathering dusk we marched back through
Brocourt and about two kilometers beyond, in the Brocourt
Woods, where on the damp ground we made our beds under the
stars, half expecting to have to roll out and move again before
morning. We had changed stations four times in the last forty-
eight hours, or an average of two moves a day.
"But we were not disturbed this time, and the next morning
had an opportunity to improvise shelters. Part of the time was
spent in drill, the first close order formations for many weeks.
Kitchens arrived, and the regular routine of camp life was re-
sumed.
"On October 12th the 353rd Infantry received replacements
from the 86th Division. Approximately three hundred enlisted
men were assigned to fill the depleted ranks of the Second Bat-
talion. Again we were at "war strength," with nearly a thou-
sand men to a battalion. A number of officers were assigned to
us from Army Candidate Schools and replacement divisions, and
joined us here at Brocourt.
"We did not have long to wait for the final phase of our
journey. On Sunday, October 13th, we began the long forward
march, whose destination we little realized was to be the very
borders of the Rhine. Theoretically, we were merely moving
up to position as Fifth Corps Reserves, for the second phase of
the Meuse-Argonne offensive; practically we were on a back-
breaking march of almost twenty-eight kilometers, over muddy
roads, across trenches, through wire; in fact, there was every-
thing to hinder our progress but the actual resistance of an
enemy.
"Shortly after noon we crossed the old front line near Avo-
court. We were now on soil conquered by the American troops
in the Argonne fighting. All day we plodded along. The new
men "bucked up" to the march like the veterans. Just before
dark we were ordered to bivouac for the night in the reeking,
shell-torn Chehimin Wood, about three kilometers southwest of
108 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
Montfaucon. We had eaten reserve rations for dinner. The
kitchens were unable to keep up so we ate more reserve rations
for supper. Even in this position, some long range shells came
over to disturb our slumbers. It was a cheerless night.
"The next morning some of the kitchens were on the ground
and after breakfast the regiment moved out of the woods in at-
tack formation, with the First Battalion in assault, the Third
Battalion in support, and the Second as Brigade Reserve. If nec-
essary we were ready to keep on moving forward to leap-frog
some other regiment and take up actual fighting. Everybody
was in the mood. But we halted just south of Eclis Fontaine,
pitched up tents and began to dig in. The second phase of our
transition was complete."
The last phase was taken up in preparations for the relief of the
32nd Division, now actually engaged a few kilometers to the front.
In fact, reconnoitering parties went forward as soon as the regiment
arrived in this new area. But the relief did not take place for five
days.
These five days were well spent in intensive preparations for the
task ahead. A training bulletin had appeared on October 11th con-
taining the following instruction:
1. Vigorous training in this command will continue as long
as the division is in the rear area. Instruction to include five
hours of intensive work daily, Sundays excepted.
2. Such disciplinary drill as is necessary to bring the com-
mand up to its standard to be given daily. The remainder of
the time will be given to instruction in combat exercises.
3. Regimental and battalion commanders will hold confer-
ences with their company and platoon leaders wherein the fol-
lowing points will be covered :
(a) Disposition in depth and staggered groups.
(b) Overcoming strong points and machine gun nests by
holding fire in front and flanking the points of resist-
ance by groups which keep up their fire as they ad-
vance around the flanks.
(c) Organization of position and digging in when compelled
to halt.
(d) Position of commanders in battle normally at the head
of rear echelon, etc., etc.
The new men were rapidly assimilated and took their places in
platoon formations. Each night combat groups moved out over the
hills on compass bearings. The entire Division was grouped around
Eclis Fontaine and all were engaged in the same activity. If the ene-
my could have gained a view of our exercises, perhaps the struggle
would have been called off before it began.
Except for occasional showers, the weather was better than it
had been for several days; the morale of the men responded instant-
On the Way to the Meuse-Argonne Offensive
109
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110 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
ly. There was quite a bit of excitement over the persistent rumors
of peace but President Wilson's famous answer, "No peace with the
Hohenzollerns," broke up our dreams of civilian occupations, and
we settled down to business without delay.
The day after we moved up to Eclis-Fontaine, all officers and non-
commissioned officers of the regiment were assembled for a "straight
from the shoulder" message from the Division Commander, Major-
General Wright. He left no doubt about what we were to expect in
the future.
"We are fighting," he said, "the final great battle of the war.
We are privileged men to have a part in it. Everything de-
pends upon the leaders, from corptoral to the highest rank.
On the same afternoon, all officers of the 177th Brigade were
assembled for a talk by the Corps Commander, Major-General Somer-
all. These open air conferences in the misty, October rain fore-
shadowed grim business ahead.
"Don't permit yourselves to even think about relief," he
said, "when your division gets into the line. When you are
so exhausted, despondent, and depleted by casualties as to
be without field action, without a complete reorganization,
you will be withdrawn from the battle. But the enormous
loss of time and effectiveness in making a relief during the
vital stages of battle makes is impossible to relieve a division
until it can fight no longer."
With such words as these, he steeled the men of his corps to
their task.
In addition, special correspondence supported the stimulation
of these conferences in the following terms:
"The Corps Commander has learned that many officers
and men have been indulging in criticisms and derogatory
comments of other organizations. Statements are used —
"Outfit on our right didn't support us" or "Failed to come
up" or "Did not protect our flank."
"Such comment as the above is improper and dangerous.
It is the duty of every commander to protect his own flank
by his formation in depth. The more fortunate units naturally
advance and must exploit their success, thus aiding their neigh-
bors to get forward. In this manner, and only in this manner,
can strong resistance be overcome without great loss.
"The spirit of this Division demands that every individual
and organization give the utmost strength to push forward
and destroy the enemy. We recognize, therefore, the same
determination and desire on the part of our brothers in arms.
On the Way to the Meuse-Argonne Offensive 111
i
tf
There has been also a tendency to exaggerate losses and
casualties by the use of some of the following expressions:
"All shot to pieces."
"Held up by machine guns or machine gun fire."
"Suffered enormous losses."
"Men all exhausted.**
"All officers and soldiers are forbidden to use such ex-
pressions in official messages, reports, conversations, or dis-
cussions. They are generally misleading and always do
harm. An exact statement of the facts will convey the neces-
sary information. 1
»
Moreover, deadly action of hostile artillery helped to prepare the
men for their mission. In the afternoon of October 18th, a big ob-
servation balloon was being pulled down to its nest in the ravine
about two hundred yards from the positions of the Second Battalion
when the Germans began to send over long range shrapnel in an
effort to get the balloon. The first three or four were "duds" but
the last two weren't. The final shot sprayed the kitchen of Com-
pany "E" with its wicked pellets. Two cooks, a K. P., and a couple
of men in the mess line were wounded. To be sure, this was bad
psychology on the part of the enemy. No other interference was
ever resented so much by the American doughboy as disturbance
of his "chow' line. This came on the very day that orders were
received to relieve the 32nd Division. Fritz would have to pay
double for this offense.
Reconnaissance had continued throughout the entire five days
in this position. Relief orders, arriving October 19th, had been
anticipated for several days. At dusk the movement began. The
last phase of transition to the battlefield was complete.
CHAPTER XX.
The 353rd Infantry Takes Part in the Meuse
Argonne Offensive
The First Battalion Mops up Bantheville Woods
There was no delusion about the situation at the front when the
353rd Infantry moved up on the night of October 19, 1918. Recon-
naissance parties had noted the intensity of the struggle in the
numbers of unburied dead scattered about over their future sector.
Field Order Number 82, of the 32nd Division under date of October
16th, announced advance on the left and included the following
instruction tpr their own forces:
"No ground now held will be abandoned, but if necessary
to obtain more favorable positions, local advance may be made.
The Commander-in-Chief yesterday personally gave instructions
to the Division commander that every foot of ground gained
must be held at all costs. And he desired this impressed upon
all ranks. Every man who had individually worked forward
will form a rallying point for others coming up and the ground
so gained by small groups will be held to the last. No falling
back from the present outpost line will even be considered. 9
»
This order in full had come tfown to the companies of the 353rd
Infantry with the endorsement of Division, Brigade, and Regimental
commanders. While the phrase, "all shot to pieces," had been ruled
out, there was plenty of evidence that the 32nd Division had suffered
many casualties. The sector ahead was a desperate proposition.
It had been reported that the enemy was retreating at other
points on the line. Military critics had said that this sector formed
a pivot and if it gave way, the whole German army to. the north
would be lost. German orders were, therefore, to hold here at all
cost. To our front was one "Bois" after another and the terrain
a succession of hills and draws. The enemy had concentrated large
numbers of machine guns and artillery with intent to hold. The
machine guns protected by sniper's posts built in trees. Our enemy
was on the defensive in possession of every natural advantage and
fighting what he must have known to be a death struggle.
The First Battalion took the lead under command of Captain
Portman. Captain Crump, broken down completely, had been
evacuated to a base hospital. The route to the new positions led
through open fields, past Gesnes, into the heart of Bantheville Woods
just west of the town of Bantheville. On the line one company re-
lieved a battalion, one platoon a company. It seemed all out of
proportion, but such was the measure of casualties in the retiring
division. Shelling was very severe and the First Battalion suffered
quite a few casualties before reaching the positions. "t>" and "C"
Companies were on the outguard, supported by Companies "A" and
»
\
The 353rd Infantry Takes Pari in Meuse-Argonne Offensive 113
"B" respectively . Reconnaissance, however, had been thorough
and, once in the area, relief was effected within two hours after it
had been commenced.
Shelling continued with increased severity. Captain Portman
was severely wounded while standing at the telephone in his
Battalion P. C. Command passed to Capt. Allen Barnett of "A"
Company. Captain Portman reported back on foot to the Regi-
mental P. C, and was evacuated to a base hospital. His services
in the World War were over. In addition to the losses from artil-
lery fire, machine guns took their toll. Woe to any man who stepped
"Dead Man's Hill," (Khemhilde Position) Akgonne-Mbush Sector.
out into the open to survey the line which wound its way through
the dense under growth, marking the advance limits of the position.
On October 21st, it fell to the lot of the First Battalion to re-
lieve troops of the 178th Brigade to the right. Reports indicated
that they were in position some two hundred yards ahead. Inas-
much as the Second Battalion was already in contact with the enemy
in their own position, some confusion as to situation and procedure
resulted. One thing, however, was clear — the woods must be
mopped up before relief could be effected.
At this point in the narrative, it seems best to submit statements
from official reports. From the report of Major-General Wright
on the Meuse-Argonne operations from October 19 to November 11,
1918, covering the situation just after the 32nd American Division
bad been fully relieved on October 19:
1
114 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
"The 89th Division had been informed that the Bois de
Bantheville had been cleared of the enemy and that all that was
necessary in order to completely hold these woods was to mop
them up. It was found that these woods were held in force and
that the mission assigned was not one of mopping up but was
virtually an advance against strong and stubborn resistance.
"The afternoon of October 20th orders were received from
Fifth Army Corps (Field Order No. 48) for the attack of the
line Hazois Woods, Hill 253. General instructions required that
the attack be made by one brigade with the second brigade in
reserve. In preparation for this Field Order No. 35 was issued
directing the 177th Brigade to take over the entire front, placing
the 178th Brigade, with the Divisional Machine Gun Battalion,
in Divisional Reserve. This relief was finally accomplished
after midnight October 21-22. The enemy's scattered stragglers
and occasional machine gunners in the Bantheville Woods, and
his persistent gas shelling through the east central part of the
woods impeded the operation of the relief
"On 21 of October, instructions were received. ... to
adjust the boundary line with the 42nd American Division. This
was accomplished thru Field Order No. 37 by the leading brig-
ade of this division taking over, on the night of October 21-22
the front as far as Tulerie Farm from the 168th Infantry, 84th
Brigade, 42nd Division."
On the same day, October 21, 1918, at 15 hours, Field Order 38
was published directing that the two battalions of the 178th Brigade
then engaged in mopping up the northern part of Bantheville Woods
to complete the operation. When this mission was satisfactorily
completed they were to be withdrawn and form a part of the Divi-
sional reserve. On the night of the 21st of October, the First Bat-
talion of the 353rd Infantry completed the relief of the units of the
178th Brigade except two companies of the First Battalion of the
356th Infantry which remained in a forward position.
Terrific shelling and gassing together with close-up machine
gun and sniper fire from all directions, indicated that the woods
had not been cleared of the enemy. Relief could be effected only
with great difficulty and severe losses. The situation was reported
to Brigade Headquarters. An order came in reply directing First
Battalion of the 353rd Infantry to advance to the north edge of
Bantheville Woods and clean the woods of all the enemy. The time
for the jump-off from the funk holes which had been occupied
by the relieved elements was set for one o'clock without barrage.
Companies "A", "D", "C" and "B" formed in line from the west-
ern to the eastern edge of the woods along the general line ordinated
from east to west as 87 on the Buzancy map. In the morning of
October 22, the day of this advance, the two companies of the 356th
' r moved northward in the woods and were located in the
The 353rd Infantry Takes Part in Meuse-Argonne Offensive 115
northern and eastern interior of same where they were practically
cut off until the time of their relief by our advancing companies
later in the day, as they passed through their positions to the edge
of the woods.
Extracts from the original field messages sent back by the Com*
pany Commanders after reaching their objectives are hereby given
as indicative of the opposition they encountered before reaching
their objective extending along the road bounding the northern edge
of the woods:
Company A, 353rd Infantry :
"This company occupied position in Bois de Bantheville
05.44-87.95 as left company of the outpost Battalion.
"Received orders to move forward in northeast direction
and clear woods of enemy with objective the sunken road. . .
edge of Bois de Bantheville at this point.
"Machine gun fire encountered. Approximately six guns in
our sector. Got in good fire as enemy fled up open incline on
our left.
"Our casualties six killed and eleven wounded.
"Our objective reached at 15:30 hour and position consoli-
dated."
Lieutenant R. M. Hulen,
C. O. Company "A"
Company D, 353rd Infantry :
"Determined machine gun resistance was met with on the
left, holding up the advance, the company being ahead of the
units on the right and left. Brought the Stokes Mortar into ac-
tion although limited to a few rounds.
"The advance being held up on our right, Corporal Wolf and
Pvt. Charles Summers flanked the gun, killing one and cap-
turing one of the enemy gunners, thereby putting the gun
out of action and making continued advance of the company
possible.
"Two machine guns captured and drove out nest of five
or six with the Stokes Mortar.
Lieutenant F. M. Wood,
Comdg. Co. D."
Company B, 353rd Infantry :
"Germans threw up hands and called "Kamerad." Lt.
McCave ordered a Sergeant (Sgt. Ware) to carefully approach
and bring the prisoners in. Our men must have exposed them-
selves; the Germans opened fire killing three and wounding
four of our men.
Lieutenant Francis Leigh,
4 Comdg. Co. B."
>
i
\
■i
116 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
Company C, 353rd Infantry:
"Immediately on leaving our positions were harrassed by
enemy snipers using machine guns.
Lieutenant V. D. Hunteh,
C. O. Company C."
The official report of operations of the Regimental Staff, dated
October 25, 1918, sent in by Colonel Reeves commanding the 353rd
Infantry, gives a statement of the situation. Extracts follow:
"In addition, the constant sniping and bursts of machine gun
fire, together with the reports of our patrols, announced that
the enemy still occupied in considerable force the northern
Southern Edge Ranthevillk Woods and Romaone Road.
half of the Bois ile Bantheville, this despite the efforts on the
20-21 of October of the First Battalion, 356th Infantry, to mo|>
the woods.
"At 8:00 a. m. Colonel Reeves proceeded to the First Battalion
P. C. and directed that the woods be cleaned of the enemy, and
that the elements of the 356th Infantry be immediately relieved.
"On the left "A" Company ran into some very stiff opposi-
tion, but put out of action four or five machine gun nests, cap-
tured seven guns and was on its objective by 16:30. Likewise
Company "D", "C" and "B" employed the same tactics and met
the same kind of opposition, with perhaps the severest coming
to the part of "B" Company.
"The elements of the 356th Infantry were at once relieved
by platoons of "C" and "B" Companies, as they passed to their
objectives around the north edge of the Bantheville Woods.
"The total amount of enemy property captured comprised
10 to 12 machine guns, two 47 mm. cannon, and numerous maps-
"Our casualties were 11 killed and 27 wounded."
J
The 353rd Infantry Takes Part in Meuse-Argonne Offensive 117
These facts from the records, however, do not give the real story
of the performance of the task. Lieutenant Chalmers, historian
of the First Battalion, tells it in his own words.
"It was nearly noon on October 22nd when the order came to
complete the mopping up and advance to the objective — a sunk-
en road at the northern edge of the woods. Companies "A"
and "D" formed on the left and "C" and "B" on the right. By
this time it was 12:30 and the jump-off was to take place at
one o'clock. There was to be no artillery preparation and no
barrage. Two large patrols were out and in danger should
our Stokes mortars, one-pounders, and machine guns be used
for barrage purposes. Their return at 12:50 brought a pro-
found feeling of satisfaction. All watches had been synchro-
nized. The forward movement began simultaneously all along
the line.
"The advance had progressed but a few paces when it seemed
like all of the machine guns in the world were put into action.
Deadly flanking fire came from a clearing to the left front.
The Stokes mortars section had only nine rounds of ammuni-
tion. It was a short range of two hundred and fifty yards.
When the direction and range had been indicated, Sgt. H. £.
Bailey of the one-pounder section, placed the mortar between
his knees and fired the whole nine rounds. The machine guns
in this quarter were completely out of action. Later Intelli-
gence charts showed a great number of German dead in this
particular spot as a result of Sergeant Bailey's work. The ad-
vance continued in skirmish line by filtration process.
"At length a path is reached. It must be crossed quickly
for it affords a field of fire for a machine gun on the flank.
Madly a sergeant dashed forward. He made it safely but the
whole woods was alive with the rapid firing guns. He ran
directly into the face of another nest. With a bullet hole
through his chest Sergeant McDaniels came to his last halt.
His body remained standing, braced against a low bush. Even
in death he leaned forward as if to push aside all resistance.
Nearby another dropped, crashing down through the dense un-
dergrowth. The branches and leaves sprung back into position,
covering the body from view. 'Will he ever be found?" was
the wild thought of the moment. But it was only for a moment.
The line must go forward. The woods must be mopped up.
"Thus, foot by foot and yard by yard, the advance continued
until the edge of the Woods was reached. This was the ob-
jective. Ahead lay an open field with another forest just be-
yond. The enemy were running across the open ground to
secure cover. "Give 'em hell' was the cry. Loud oaths rang
out when a shot missed its mark. The fleeing figures disap-
118 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
peared into the forest like rats into their holes. It had been a
nerve racking ordeal; some cried, some swore, and others yelled
at the top of their voices as if to make the impression of Indian
warfare complete.
"The enemy attempted no counter-attack but his artillery
continued its activity with increased effectiveness. The ad-
vance had been trying enough but the Battalion must hold its
position in the little salient that had been won for nine more
days. Day and night, the enemy kept up his firing with ma-
chine guns, trench mortars, Australian Whiz Bangs, and every
other type of available artillery. Enemy planes swept low back
and forth over the woods registering new targets on every ap-
pearance of occupation. Every little depression in the terrain
was filled with poisonous gas. Every day the casualty lists
thinned our ranks.
"The personnel shifted in rapid succession. Captain Bar-
nett was relieved by Major Peatross on October 22nd. Lieu-
tenant Dolan, in command of Company "A", had given -way
under the strain and Lieutenant Hulen took command. Captain
Dahmke took command of "C" Company. Sergeants were in
command of platoons and corporals in command of sections.
"Every hour brought its hair-raising episode and miraculous
escapes. One of our own big shells came over. It carried a
German address but somehow dropped short in the midst of our
own soldiers. Four were killed and eleven wounded including
one officer. 'Don't tell the captain I'm hit until the rest of the
men are taken care of,' was the self-sacrificing statement of
Lieutenant Metzger. One hysterical man cried out, 'Let's go
back.' 'Nobody goes back. To the holes at once,' was the com-
mand of Captain Wood. Obedience was mechanical in its exe-
cution. A rocket notified the artillery of their short range and
the enemy suffered this punishment after the trial shot.
"While the First Battalion 'carried on* out on the outguard
line, the Third Battalion held the support position farther back
in the woods where shelling and gas were but little less severe.
The Second Battalion formed the Brigade Reserve and was lo-
cated on the south slope of Cote-Dame-Marie, known to us as
'Horseshoe Hill.' Immediately after the First Battalion had ad-
vanced to the edge of Bantheville Woods, Companies "G" and
"H" were added temporarily to the Third Battalion in support.
It was a busy time for the entire regiment.
"Men of the Second and Third Battalions carried food and
supplies to the First Battalion over four kilometers of a muddy,
slippery path through the woods. The enemy knew this path
to be our only line of communication and shelled it heavily at
all times. Marmite cans scattered at random along the way and
occasional doughboys covered with blankets, sleeping their last
sleep, told the story of many a party that had been shelled out
before reaching its destination.
The 353rd Infantry Takes Part in Meuse-Argonne Offensiue 119
The Path to the Front, and Along Its Side, Ba nth e villi: Woods
120 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
"Along this same road, Captain Fox and his first aid men had
held on with their station until the last one of them had to be
evacuated to the base hospital. All day long stretcher bearers
carried the wounded and gassed to the rear. Cost what it would,
the men of the 353rd Infantry hung on. They did more than
hold their positions, they made preparations for offensive ac-
tion. Reconnaissance parties from the Second and Third Bat-
talions moved out daily toward the front line to inspect the
jump-off positions and take a glimpse of 'No Man's Land.' As
soon as the other units along the line were ready, the regiment
w T as prepared to go over the top. Thus, time dragged on to the
day of the final offensive on November 1, 1918, which marked
the beginning of the end of the World War."
CHAPTER XXI.
The 353rd Infantry Goes Over the Top in the Final Phase
of the meuse-argonne offensive
The Third Battalion Takes the Lead
In spite of the punishment which the enemy inflicted during the
nine days of occupation in this sector, there was no let-up in the
preparation for the big offensive. Higher authorities had profited
by the experience in the St. Mihiel offensive. Instead of keeping
information secret, companies now held schools to explain the ter-
rain and tactics of the future offensive. Almost every man had a
look at the battle map. Many corporals carried sketches showing
objectives and landmarks. Runners and platoon leaders had looked
out over "No Man's Land." Full information brought confidence.
"D" Day found the men of the 353rd Infantry well prepared for the
fight.
On the day before the battle came the final instructions in the
following form:
HEADQUARTERS 89TH DIVISION, FRANCE
NOT TO BE TAKEN INTO SECRET
FRONT LINE TRENCHES October 27, 1918.
SECRET
TO BE READ AND IMMEDIATELY DESTROYED
BATTLE MEMORANDUM:
You can expect heavy counter-attack before you reach the
woods. It may come just after you enter the woods but it will
probably come and come hard. It may come while we are
halted on an objective. It may come while we are in motion.
In any case, we must hold our ground. First Line Battalion must
immediately develop its full fire action in place, mow down the
enemy and capture any of them who penetrate among us. Warn
your men about this. The Boche will try to surprise us. Be
constantly on the alert for it. There is no question but that we
can whip him. The more of them we get in the counter-attack,
the fewer we will have to fight later on. When he counter-at-
tacks he plays our game, but we must be ready.
*****
Don't worry about fire on your flanks. When that comes,
it is a sign we are succeeding. We are pulling the other people
forward. We are getting inside the Boche lines. We are hurt-
ing him and if we drive resolutely forward, we are going to de-
feat him badly.
We can expect bitter fighting — many machine guns. To
overcome this we must have full development of fire action,
Irnimrnlnl Hi.fnrx ZT.RrH Intnntn.
The 353rd Infantry Goes Over the Top in the Final Phase 123
great development in depth and resolute determination to go
forward at all costs. The more we hesitate the greater will be
our losses. The halts on our objectives are taken according to
the best previous experience in order for the infantry to be co-
ordinated with the barrage. All other halts should be avoided.
Troops must drive on and leave strong points to be mopped up
by the support detachments. This mopping up must not be
neglected however, — special detachments detailed will be for it
but the assault elements should pass on and gain the main ob-
jective.
This division accomplished its big share in the St. Mihiel
drive in company with the veteran divisions of the American
Expeditionary Forces. Now, at a time when the allies have this
great opportunity to win, we have again been selected for a big
task and in company best guaranteed to succeed. We must take
our objectives. The corps commander, commander-in-chief, the
Allied Governments count on us. This can well be the climax
of the Division's service. That's what we have all been living
for. Burn this into your minds. Tell it to your men. Hold
them together. Set your teeth. Put it across.
Wright, Commanding.
OFFICIAL:— Frank Wilbur Smith, Major, V. S. A.
Actg. A. C. of S. G-3.
P. C. Reeves, Northern Eoge Bantheville Woods, October 31, 1918.
124 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
Battle formation of the regiment was the same ac had been used
in the St. Mihiel offensive. Our men were familiar with it and each
one understood the part he was to play. The Third Battalion, ac-
companied by the Regimental Machine Gun Company, led the way.
In all offensives the Regimental Machine Gun Company had found its
place with the assaulting waves, and the line companies felt great
confidence in its support. The Second Battalion followed the Third
in its assault. The First Battalion, under command of First Lieut.
Vernon D. Hunter, was in reserve. Capt. F. M. Wood was in com-
mand of the combat liaison group with the 90th Division on the right.
This group consisted of Company "D," a machine gun platoon, and
a like force from the 90th Division.
Lieutenant Gallenkamp tells the story of the assault.
"Enemy shell fire was so continuous and severe that it was
a serious question as to whether the Third Battalion should re-
lieve the First Battalion before the jump-off, scheduled for the
morning of November 1st, or whether the Third Battalion should
simply come up and pass through the First Battalion at "H"
Hour. It seemed certain that many casualties would result in
making a complete relief ahead of time. Nevertheless, it was
finally decided that the relief should be made. For some un-
accountable reason, enemy shell fire practically ceased at dark
on October 30th. The lull lasted barely long enough for the re-
lief to be made. There were no casualties until the last elements
of the relieved battalion were moving into their new position.
It was a most difficult relief to make because most of the ele-
ments had to move through two kilometers of shell-torn thicket
to reach their positions, but it was completed by 11 p. m.
"On the night of October 31st, immediately after dark, all
packs were carried to a point near the edge of the woods in the
center of the sector where they were left under a small guard.
Company "I" then moved out about 200 yards in front of the
woods on the left and "dug in" on the jump-off line — only a few
yards from the advanced elements of the enemy. Company "L"
moved up to the edge of the woods and occupied the ground
vacated by Company "I." All our men were in position at 11
p. m. Between 10 p. m. and 11 p. m. our artillery put over a
very heavy gas bombardment on the Bois de Hazois. The enemy
artillery replied vigorously but most of their shells went over
our battalion in an effort to reach our artillery.
"From midnight until 3:30 a. m. on the morning of November
1st, opposing artillery exchanged only the usual courtesies in
keeping with that branch of the service. At 3 :30 a. m., however,
our artillery opened up with one of the most terrific bombard-
ments which had been conducted during the war. By 3:40 a.
m. our battalion admitted freely that the enemy counter-bom-
bardment compared quite favorably with our own fire. The
fact that we experienced this particularly severe enemy bona-
The 353rd Infantry Goes Over the Top in the Final Phase 125
bardment r* this time was explained later in the day when ene-
my maps taken from their artillery positions showed that the
artillery of five German divisions had been trained on the for-
ward position of the Bantheville Woods in anticipation of the
attack.
"It sounded now as if every gun of both armies was in ac-
tion. The noise was deafening and the earth fairly vibrated.
Finally, after the ear had become somewhat accustomed to this
tremendous roar, the cracking sound of machine guns could
also be detected, together with the whistling of machine gun
bullets which were passing over our heads from our own ma-
chine gun barrage. It was all quite wonderful and had an in-
spiring effect upon the doughboys who were awaiting the jump-
off. Nothing gives the infantrymen more confidence than the
roaring sound of friendly artillery. The sound of shells flying
overhead and dropping on the enemy's lines and the explosions
across the way, were as pleasing to the ear at such a time as
music had been before the war.
"Before long the roaring sound became monotonous to the
tired soldiers and many of them fell asleep amidst it all. It was
interesting to note how unconcerned these American soldiers
were just before plunging into battle. Those who could not
sleep laughed and joked and guaranteed to treat with Fritz in a
proper manner before the day was over.
"About 4:45 a. m. the enemy bombardment began to roll
back. Apparently the enemy knew that we were going to start
something and decided to pound our support battalion. This
gave the officers and men of the assault battalion a chance to
check up and see that all was ready for the jump-off at 5:30
a. m.
"At 5:30 a. m. it was still so dark that one could not see over
fifty yards except in places where the Thermite shells were
breaking. But over the top we went on scheduled time.
"Sergeant Parli, with the third platoon of "M" Company, true
to the traditions of the 353rd Infantry, was following our bar-
rage dangerously close in the center of the battalion. Every
time a Boche stuck his head up out of a shell hole, he faced one
of Sergeant Parli's men with a fixed bayonet and did not have
a chance to fight. A great many prisoners were taken on the
first hill in front of the jump-off line. Our men had seen German
prisoners before and took no interest in the individual captives,
but simply motioned them to the rear and pushed on for more.
The men of Germany saw grim determination in the faces of
these husky Americans and held their hands high in the air.
Our men took no chances for these were tense moments. The
poor chap who happened to make a false move passed quietly
and quickly into the next world. There was no time for ques-
tions or explanations. In a few moments more prisoners were
in our midst than we had men ourselves, but Fritz knew that
6 Regimental Htttorg 353rd Infantry
there were more men of the regiment coming. So he fell in line
and marched back under the command of his own officer or
non-commissioned officer.
Captured in the Edge of Bar hi court Woods.
"On the right, the first and second platoons of "M" Company
had been held back temporarily by machine gun fire. Lieu-
tenant Jackson who was leading the Company and several of
his men were killed within a few yards of the jump-off line.
Lieutenant Furlong, second in command, grasped the situation
quickly. Followed by Corporal McKay, he dashed across the
fire-swept area into the patch of woods immediately in front
and successfully put the disturbing machine gun nests out of
commission. Many of the gunners were driven toward the com-
pany where they were taken prisoners. The advance was then
resumed.
"On the left, Company "I" encountered considerable machine
gun fire. Captain Baxter proceeded at once to demonstrate
the value of rifle grenades. He personally put these trouble-
some nests out of action with a few well placed shots. Now
the whole battalion moved forward, hugging the barrage so
closely that the Germans were able to get very few machine guns
in place after it had passed. No sooner would a German raise
his head up to see whether the barrage had lifted than a dough-
boy was upon him. And the actions of the wily Fritz indicated
that he had more respect for the grim doughboy than he did
for the H. E. shells of the artillerymen.
The S5Srd Infantry Goes Over the Top in the Final Phase 127
"The front covered was so wide that it was impossible to
spare the men for the complete occupation of Andevanne
Woods; so the battalion moved forward, simply flanking into
the edge of the woods. The movement proved very fortunate
for it was afterwards learned from German prisoners that a
body of 150 picked sharpshooters had been placed in position
on top of the ridge in the Andevanne Woods to hold up the at-
tack. These riflemen, of course, were not encountered and very
soon they saw our battalion approaching Barricourt Woods, to
their left rear. About the same time, the Boche artillery, evi-
dently assuming that the Andevanne Woods had been carried
by our assaulting wave, concentrated a large part of their artil-
lery fire on these woods, and on their own men, who quickly
came down and gave themselves up as prisoners, very much
disappointed because the assaulting wave had not come through
the woods.
Heights of Bakkicourt.
"The first objective was reached in accordance with sched-
ule with ample time to reorganize for the assault on the second
objective. This advance was made through very heavy counter-
barrage. Upon entering Barricourt Woods, the Battalion again
encountered considerable resistance. Captain Baxter and Ser-
geant Malone, of "I" Company, handled their men so skillfully
as to reduce this resistance, with small losses, and at the same
time inflicting tremendous losses on the enemy. Here was
fighting at close quarters, but in almost every case the* Boche
took second money.
"Barricourt Woods, or the Heights of Barricourt, a position
of great natural strength, was considered one of the most vital
points in the whole German line. Its capture meant that our
guns could easily reach the only line of communication left to
the Germans between Metz and Sedan. It meant more than this,
since all of his reserves had been used up and since the pursuit
128 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
of the Americans had been so rapid that many of his divisions
in the line had been hopelessly confused. The German Army
must retreat at top speed at once or else accept one of the
worst defeats in history. So every man in the 353rd Infantry
pushed forward with all his individual force in the line as if
he were responsible for the outcome of the day.
"In the spirit of victory, we reached the second objective
on time. Here the Third Battalion halted to- let the Second
Battalion pass through to the final objective. We had accom-
plished our mission in the assault to this point and now sup-
ported the advance of the Second Battalion in the completion
of the day's work."
CHAPTER XXII.
The 353rd Infantry Carries On to the Army Objective
The Second Battalion in the Lead
At dusk in the evening of October 31st the Second Battalion left
"Horseshoe Hill" for the slight reverse slope in the northern edge of
Banthcville Woods. Major Wood had been evacuated to the hospital
in the afternoon and Major Peatross again assumed command. Com-
panies "G" and "£" in order moved over the shell-torn path through
the woods that many of the men had followed as "chow" details to
the advanced positions. Companies "H" and "F" skirted the eastern
edge of the woods until opposite the other companies of the battalion
and then took positions alongside. At eleven o'clock everyone was
in place and "digging in" for his life. It was time well spent, for at
Transvaal Farm and Horseshoe Hill.
3:30 pandemonium broke loose, followed by crashing explosions in
our very midst which blasted up huge boulders about us and rent
limbs from trees overhead. Occasionally a hellish shell found the
shallow pit of an unfortunate doughboy and he died in the grave his
own hands had dug.
The climax of terror in our area came about an hour before the
jump-off was scheduled to take place. Up until this time our share
of the German shelling had been regular but somewhat distributed;
now it was intensive and concentrated. Company, platoon, and sec-
tion leaders were at this very moment trying to check up their men
for the advance. It was useless to shout, for their voices were lost
in the uproar. Gas shells were bursting in the area. Each man had
to be his own guard. The only 'way to warn a neighbor was for each
buddie to appear in his own mask, but the violent explosions of the
bombardment seemed to scatter the fumes of the dreaded "yellow
cross," and at the time the men suffered little inconvenience from
its poison.
130 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
Dawn came and the severity of the counter-bombardment slack-
ened. First aid men hunted out the wounded and started the stretch-
er bearers to the rear with their burdens. The battalion organized
its depleted ranks and moved forward in support of the Third Bat-
talion at 6:25 a. m.
Parties of prisoners, some of them holding up wounded hands,
brought the first news of the Third Battalion's success in the as-
sault. Under artillery fire at all times, the battalion kept on due
northward, across the deep valleys east of La Dhuy Farm and over
the low ridge southwest of Andevanne Woods. After overcoming
the scattering fire of some remaining machine gun nests, the Second
Battalion waited here in shell holes for nearly an hour while the
Third Battalion passed on to the second objective in Barricourt
Woods. In the reorganization of the battalion at this time, "G" and
"E" Companies switched to the right flank while "H" and "F" took
over the left flank. The two platoons of "E" Company, that had
been sent forward under Lieutenant Cristoph to accompany the as-
saulting battalion and mop up the small woods southeast of Ande-
vanne Woods, rejoined the company. The Third Battalion was now
ready to advance.
The dense screen put down by our guns had partially lifted.
When we resumed the advance, enemy observers picked us up and
we were forced to continue on through a severe shrapnel barrage.
Nevertheless, groups kept steadily forward, preserving good distance
and interval. By almost miraculous good fortune, we reached Bar-
ricourt Woods with very few losses.
At noon, we crossed the advanced line of the Third Battalion in
the heart of Barricourt Woods. Determined group leaders, such as
Sergeant Gutherie of "E" Company, and Sergeant Miller of "G" Com-
pany, speedily outflanked and overcame the machine gun resistance
as the advance continued. Dense undergrowth, torn and tangled by
the rolling barrage which preceded us, made progress very difficult.
Companies and even platoons became badly mixed and lost contact
with one another. Consequently the various elements did not arrive
on the final objective at the same time.
When two platoons of Company "G" under the command of
Captain Dienst arrived at the edge of the woods on the left, they
saw a body of at least two hundred men in close formation moving
toward the woods. The dense fog had now become so thick that one
could see for only a few hundred yards. At first Captain Dienst
took these troops for our own men on the right, supposing that they
had reached the line first. However, his orderly, Parmenter, was
quick to discover their identity. He yelled, "They are Germans and
they have got their guns." In another moment the two platoons
were down in the shallow depression just within the edge of the
woods. The dead machine gunners who had been killed by our bar-
rage w r ere rolled aside and their guns were turned on the advancing
Germans. Here were the best targets that had ever appeared before
♦he men of the 353rd Infantry. Every man made the best of his
The 353rd Infantry Carries On to the Army Objective 131
opportunity. The Germans broke ranks and ran in every direction
for cover. It lasted for only a couple of minutes. When it was over
Corporal Johnson quietly sat down and carved seven notches on his
old rifle.
In another instant Company "F" and the remainder of Company
"E" were on the line. The Germans made no further attempt to en-
ter the woods, and the two platoons of "G" Company, two platoons
of "E" and "F" Companies under command of Captain Diensl or-
ganized to hold the ground.
The other two platoons of "E" Company under the leadership of
Lieutenant Morgan had an equally exciting experience on the right.
Patrols discovered that Les Tuilleres was still occupied by the ene-
my. A company of them were resting on the side of the road about
five hundred meters to the right flank at approximately our point of
contact with the 90th Division. The platoons promptly moved to
that flank and cleared Les Tuilleres, taking several prisoners and
"shot up" the company of Germans before they had even a chance
lo offer resistance.
Company "H" and the two platoons of Company "G" bad fin-
ished mopping up the woods and were now about four hundred
meters to the left on the northern edge of the woods. Headquarters
of the Second Battalion were in the woods five hundred meters
southeast of Les Tuilleres. The Third Battalion had organized on
the second objective of the day. After a full day of mopping up (in-
132 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
eluding the capture of a field piece by Lieut. "Dinty" Moore's pla-
toon) in the wake of the advanced battalions, the First Battalion "dug
in" in the woods just beyond Remonville. The faithful supply train,
too, reached this vicinity during the night. We were on the ob-
jective for the day and in full control of Barricourt Woods. It is
reported that when the news of the capture of Barricourt Woods
reached Marshal Foch, he declared, for the first time, that the enemy
was defeated.
But hardly had the Second Battalion gained possession of the
edge of the woods when the thick fog intensified the darkness of the
night. Major Peatross had been wounded during the day. Never a
rugged man, the long exposure and hardship had left him in a criti-
cal condition. He was so hoarse he could not speak above a whisper.
Nevertheless, he refused to be evacuated and set about the difficult
task of reorganizing the battalion for another advance.
At nightfall the fog turned into rain which continued throughout
the night and almost incessantly for the next twenty-four hours. It
had been a hard day's work to get through the brush of Barricourt
Woods. The strain of the previous night was also beginning to have
its effect. The men were tired, hungry, and thirsty. There w r as still
a supply of reserve rations but canteens were almost dry. Little
more could be done than post guards and wait for daylight.
In the early part of the night, Colonel Reeves received instruc-
tions to resume the advance at 5:30 and was informed that the bar-
rage would be the same as on the first day. At 5 : 30 our artillery put
over a few shells immediately in front of our advanced positions,
but no one on the line recognized it as a bombardment, and the Sec-
ond Battalion waited for artillery preparation.
Colonel Reeves moved forward with the Third Battalion to sup-
port the advance of the Second Battalion. As soon as he was aware
of the situation he requested the brigade commanders to have the
barrage repeated at nine o'clock. Reply came that a barrage on the
entire division front was being planned and that notice of the hour
would be given later.
The 353rd Infantry with the Second Battalion in assault, the
Third in support, and the First in reserve, all in battle formation,
waited for the word to go over the top. At ten o'clock our artillery
again put over a few shots very similar to those earlier in the day.
Communication with Brigade Headquarters had been very unsatis-
factory all the morning. Finally at 11 :30 information was received
that the firing at ten o'clock had been intended for our artillery
preparation and barrage. There would be no more artillery support.
We must move out at all cost to the army line.
Colonel Reeves gave the word to the battalion commanders. Ma-
jor Peatross called his company commanders and told them in a few-
words what was expected. There was no time for questions, so they
moved back and passed the word along to the waiting men. Every-
body was on edge.
The 353rd Infantry Carries On to the Army Objective .. 133
134 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
The enemy had used every minute of his time in preparation for
machine gun defense. Bands of fire were so accurately planned that
practically every foot of the ground in front of the woods was
crossed and criss-crossed with paths of deadly machine gun bullets.
In the advance of the preceding day we had captured many pieces
of artillery. For the first time the German high command had to
admit that they were unable to withdraw "strategically" or even
"satisfactorily." The situation for the enemy was desperate. His
very hope of escape was to sell out at the highest possible price in
his matchless rear guard action.
In order to make the best of a bad situation, Major Peatross or-
dered Company "D" of the 341st Machine Gun Battalion, which was
supporting us in the attack, to lay down machine gun barrage. Some
of our captured German guns were brought into position in the edge
of the woods but the fire was very feeble; the effect little more than
an "alert" signal for the Germans. There was nothing for the dough-
boy to do but to go forward in his own strength. Company "H" was
on the extreme left of the assaulting line, closely supported on the
left flank by Company "L" of the Third Battalion; "G" was in the
center; "F" was on the right; one platoon of "E" Company protected
the extreme right of the line; and the remainder of Company *'E"
was in close support of "F" Company.
It was just 12:55 p. m. when the first combat groups began to
emerge from the woods. Immediately the enemy opened up on them
with annihilating fire. Lieutenant Lewis of "H" Company fell mor-
tally wounded while starting the first group of his platoon. Lieuten-
ant Barr of the same company was seriously wounded an instant
later. In "G" Company Sergeant Ramsey and several others fell be-
fore they had made five yards into the open. In Company "F" the
casualties were even greater than in the other companies. Sergeant
Dozer had received a bullet through his body, but with set teeth he
moved on toward the enemy.
After almost an hour of the most bitter fighting during which our
losses were exceedingly heavy, no weak point in the enemy defense
had been discovered. Major Peatross ordered simultaneous advance
along the whole line. He knew the losses would be great but there
was no alternative. Assaulting waves started forward supported by
Chauchat rifle and grenade fire but it was the accurate marksman-
ship of the riflemen which accounted for most on the enemy in the
attack. By three o'clock resistance was giving away and we were
able to advance.
Hardly had the Second Battalion cleared the woods when German
artillerymen laid down a barrage along its edge. The Third Bat-
talion had moved up and now were suffering severe losses. Never-
theless, the men closed the gaps left by their fallen comrades and
moved ahead. Every unit on the line was in action, firing to front
and flank. The advance continued on the compass bearing 35 de-
grees east of north. As we approached the high ground of La Torch-
ette Hill we again encountered the deadly machine gun fire of the
The 353rd Infantry Carries On to the Army Objective 135
enemy. The Germans were organized on the brow of the hill and
were supported by minnenwerfers and 88 millimeter artillery- Our
men were in an exhausted state and combat units bad been badly
broken up. We were compelled to bait and reorganize on the lower
slopes out of the enemy field of fire.
In checking up it was learned that the left of the line had been
suffering severe machine gun fire from the left flank but "h" and "I"
Companies in support had read their instructions well regarding the
advantages of organization in depth and the duties of supporting
troops. So far as they were able to determine, no other troops were
advancing in the sector to the left. And they addressed their entire
attention to the machine gun nests in that direction with such telling
effect that the general advance continued without delay.
While the reorganization was in process, a message was received
that our artillery was now prepared to give some support and would
begin firing at 4:30. At just that precise moment while the battalion
commander was taking the message, big shells began to fall among the
troops in our second wave. Lieutenant Couchman had his signal
man ready and shot up a rocket before severe losses were sustained.
It was now getting late. The army objective must be reached.
In the misty darkness, the line once more moved forward. "L" Com-
pany was in close co-operation with "H" on the right. "G" and "F"
carried forward the center while "E" Company took over the ex-
treme right and protected the right flank. The rest of the Third
136 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
Battalion kept up in close support and guarded the flanks of the
regiment. Still farther back the First Battalion was in reserve.
Riflemen and Chauchat gunners in the leading wave opened fire
at the points where flashes in the darkness betrayed the location of
the enemy. At first it was slow going. Suddenly someone broke
forth with a wild Indian war-whoop and shouted, "Give 'em hell!"
The effect was electric. All up and down the line went wild shouts.
Every man who could do so fired from the shoulder and the hip as
he moved forward. Yells rang out over the hill and reverberated
down the valley on the other side. From that moment demoraliza-
tion of the enemy was complete. No German had the courage to
operate his gun in the face of that mad, shouting, fire-spitting line.
The men moved, forward now in rapid, determined strides. For
more than a kilometer the savage on-rush continued. With diffi-
culty, commanders restored order and stopped the charge on the
army line. The final objective was reached at 6:30 p. m.
We immediately sent out patrols and stationed outposts to pro-
tect our exposed flanks and consolidated our positions. A patrol
from "L" Company under Lieutenant Underhill found the enemy
leaving the town of Tailly. Troops of "L" and "H" Companies fol-
lowing close behind the patrol immediately took possession. Shortly
after, Major Peatross moved his P. C. into the town — the most ad-
vanced point on the army line on the night of November 2nd. Col-
onel Reeves promptly passed the word back to Division Headquart-
ers and later in the evening in his shell hole P. C, he received the
following message:
2 November, 18; 23:15 Hour.
The Commanding General, 89th Division, wishes me to give
you his thanks and congratulations for reaching the exploitation
line. Bully work.
Lee.
The enemy made no attempt to shell us or dislodge us from our
positions. Soon after midnight, however, a battery of our own
heavy artillery, not realizing that we had advanced to this point, be-
gan shelling the hill. The suporting machine gun company had es-
tablished themselves along the road and suffered several casualties.
Rockets were promptly sent up. Major Blackinton was on the alert
with the Third Battalion and saw the signal. After a few shots our
artillerymen increased the range.
Morning came and with it the first sunshine we had seen in two
days. No units were in positions on our flanks and many detach-
ments of the enemy were still well in the rear on either side but there
were plenty of signs that the enemy had abandoned the field in rout.
Rifles, machine guns, packs, helmets, and equipment of every sort
lay scattered about in wild confusion. Doubtless the wild yells of
the previous night had led the Germans to imagine that the safety of
their scalps lay only in flight. At about ten o'clock combat groups
The 353rd Infantry Carries On to the Army Objective 137
of the 355th Infantry appeared over the hill. For hours they and
their supporting troops poured forward through our lines to carry
on the work which we had begun.
La Torchette Hill cut off the view to the edge of Barricourt
Woods, but we knew that many of our brave men were scattered
back over the field. Losses in the Second Battalion totaled approxi-
mately forty men per company. We were told that seventy-five Ger-
man dead had been counted immediately outside the woods. Gap-
tain Boyce gives the following personal statement of the devoted
attention of our Battalion First Aid men on this occasion:
Looking Into Barmcourt Woons Fhom German Positions.
"Early in the morning of November 2nd we moved up into
the Barricourt Woods, arriving there about 10:00 a. m. We
learned that the battalion was going to attack about one o'clock
so we immediately prepared an aid station. The best place to be
had was a large shell hole. We immediately took possession,
put a few limbs across the top and stretched a shelter half over
them. This construction was more in the nature of camouflage
than protection against the rain.
"I think it was about one o'clock when the attack was
launched. Almost immediately the wounded began pouring in
by the multiplied ten's. I had only five men with me, and most
of the company first aid men and stretcher bearers bad been
killed or wounded. The infantry had orders not to leave any
men behind to look after the wounded, and we had to use Ger-
man prisoners and slightly-wounded men for stretcher bearers.
Men were brought to us in horribly mangled condition. We
worked as fast as we could, but still they came all afternoon and
through the night.
"It was so dark that it seemed the blackness could be felt.
Having no light, we built a fire in the bottom of the shell hole,
but we soon had to extinguish it. It could be seen by the enemy
138 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
and heavy shells began coming over uncomfortably close. It
was now necessary to do all the dressing of the wounded in the
dark, which was a miserable and difficult task. It seemed al-
most impossible to get litters back from the ambulance dressing
station, and many had to be improvised from two poles and a
shelter half.
"Morning found us with only about five wounded men left on
the battle-field, and they were in excellent condition considering
their wounds and the weather. That day we were able to move
up to rejoin the battalion at Tailly."
But in battle men forget its horrors in their attention to the
pressing necessities of the moment. We had profited by the exper-
iences in the St. Mihiel offensive. Each man still retained a morsel
of his reserve rations, even at the end of three days. The most press-
ing need was for water. The contents of canteens had been poured
down burning throats early in the conflict. Water details were soon
on their way to Tailly. Those who were so fortunate as to possess
a can of solidified alcohol lost no time in improving their rations.
Everybody made himself comfortable as best he could. In the even-
ing the kitchens came up and we had our first cooked meal since
the afternoon of October 31st. While contact with the enemy had
ceased earlier, every man of the 353rd Infantry agreed that the of-
fensive continued until the "chow" line was formed in the evening
of November 3, 1918.
CHAPTER XXIII.
On to Stenay
The army line advanced rapidly during these days in early No-
vember, 1918. By evening of November 3rd the 355th Infantry (178th
Brigade) was in the vicinity of Beauclair and was preparing to move
on into Dieulet Forest on the following day. Even while the 178th
Brigade was passing through our lines, artillery was blasting the
way for the advance of the 90th Division on our right. The enemy
was in full retreat. We must lose no opportunity to exploit our suc-
cess.
However, during the evening, orders were received from the Fifth
Corps that the First Division would send a column through our lines
and that the 89th Division would be assembled in the rear. General
Wright promptly asked permission to remain in the line and con-
tinue the advance, at least until his Division was in possession of
Dieulet Forest and possibly the bridge-head at Laneuville. His re-
quest was granted.
Hardly had the 353rd Infantry gathered in the vicinity of Tailly
until orders were received to advance. The men of the First Bat-
talion were busy with their shelters in the near edge of the woods
just east of the town. Everybody was rejoicing in the prospect of a
comfortable night. After darkness had set in, orders came to roll
packs at once and be ready to move out. Many doubted their ability
to move farther but soon they were on their way. The march con-
tinued through the town of Halles, over swampy fields, to a position
along the road just north and east of Beauclair.
Here was an open field seeping with water. Troops of the 178th
Brigade had left it shortly before. No one seemed to know the loca-
tion of the front. Machine guns puttered away in all directions, and
now and then distant very-lights could be seen floating through the
air. Sectors were assigned to each platoon and soon the men were
"digging in." This had been the battle field of the previous day. In
the darkness our men stumbled over the bodies of the dead scattered
about. By daylight everybody was well out of sight. Water had
seeped into the miserable holes. Everyone was wet and the weather
was chilly. But evening of the following day saw the kitchens lo-
cated in Beauclair. Enemy shelling was not so terrific as it had been
in Bantheville Woods. The First Battalion had known greater hard-
ship even than this, so the men settled down to make the most of it.
On the following day, November 4th, the Third Battalion, under
command of Captain Postin of the Machine Gun Company, (Major
Blackinton was now detailed as second in command of the regiment)
also moved forward and occupied positions in the vicinity of Beau-
clair. The Second Battalion took up a position on the steep slope in
the western edge of Beauclair Woods. Major Peatross established his
P. C. near the Forgettes Chateau, generally known to the men of the
regiment as the "White Chateau" because of its color. There was
140 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
good protection here from artillery and the woods provided ample
camouflage against aerial observation. Here at last was a chance for
recuperation.
But the position turned out to be merely a new base of operations
for the Second Battalion. In the evening of November 4th Com-
panies "E" and "G," under command of Captain Dienst, were or-
dered to move up and establish combat liaison between the 355th
Infantry and the 90th Division on our right. The 355th Infantry had
entered Dieulet Forest near Beauclair and the 90th Division units
were reported somewhere north of Halles. It was a case of hunting
the other outfit in the night.
As soon as "chow" could be had, the march was begun around
the point of the hill, across the swamps toward Beauclair. Captain
Dienst and a party of runners had preceded on ahead to Halles
and gathered such information as was available. It appeared that
the troops of the 90th Division were that very evening to move for-
ward. In Beauclair, the commander of the 355th Infantry was un-
able to give any idea of the locations of the troops on the right. The
explanation was clear. The troops of the 90th Division had not yet
moved out. But inasmuch as they had expected to advance that
evening, there was nothing to do but move on toward the front. If
no other troops could be located on the right, the detail could at
least protect the right flank of our own Division.
The bridges over the Wiseppe River were out. Foot-logs were
thrown across in a narrow place and crossing effected in single file.
In the meantime patrols scouted the woods in the general direction
of Wiseppe. After a long time they reported that troops of the 90th
Division had just moved to Boulain Woods near Boulain Farm, about
a kilometer away.
At four o'clock in the morning of November 5th, communication
was established with the 355th Infantry in Dieulet Forest and the
troops of the 90th Division. Patrols penetrated the woods to the
Meuse River near Lancuville. The enemy had evacuated the town
and were now shelling it heavily. Civilians were hurrying toward
our lines over the Laneuville-Beauclair road as rapidly as they could,
carting all the personal belongings they could get together in baby
carriages and push carts. As the advance continued, the troops in
the forward positions effected their own liaison and at 2 a.m. on the
morning of November 6th Companies "E" and "G" were ordered to
rejoin the Second Battalion by daybreak in Beauclair Woods.
Back in this position, considered so secure, had occurred one of
the most pathetic disasters of the entire campaign. Company kitch-
ens w r ere in place under the fine, old trees around the '"White
Chateau." At about nine o'clock, November 5th, the noon meal was
being prepared. Suddenly seven German planes appeared high up in
the sky above them, then came the rapid succession of aerial bombs
— zzing, zzing, zzing. This was the first direct aerial attack which
the men had ever experienced. Before anyone could realize what
On to Stenag 141
was taking place the deadly bombs — at least sixteen of them — were
exploding in their very midst. When the death toll was counted, it
was found that eight men had been killed and more than thirty
wounded. Mess Sergeants Wright of Company "G" and Jud Gooden
of Company "E" were among the victims. In fact, the entire kitchen
force of Company "E" had been wiped out in this disaster and the
incident at Eclis Fontaine. Barry, who had been the orderly of the
Second Battalion commander from the days at Funston, was another
victim. Scout Murphy, whom the men had come to love and trust,
died as the ambulance pulled out. No other incident in the exper-
iences of the Second Battalion so embittered the men toward the
enemy as this wanton slaughter of these unarmed men.
Chaplain Gray came back on the morning of the 6th and buried
the dead soldiers in the same grave near a little clump of pines in
the open. The rest of the men looked on from their positions in the
edge of the woods above. Many were tired from the strain of recent
days; many were suffering from dysentery and heavy colds, but this
incident brought forth renewed determination to crush the forces of
"schrecklichkeit."
On the afternoon of November 8th, the Second Battalion again
moved forward about four kilometers to positions in Dieulet Forest
just north of Beaufort. This was one of the wettest, chilliest nights
of the entire campaign. Hardly had the men settled when orders
came to return again to the home position in Beauclair Woods near
I he "White Chateau."
Such were the experiences of the men of the 353rd Infantry dur-
ing these early days of November and again on November 4th the
Division Commander declined relief. He was determined to drive
the enemy across the Meuse. On November 6th the 177th Brigade
was reported as fit for active duty and at approximately sixty per
cent strength. Officers and men down in the companies realized
that, in accordance with the policy of using up divisions, they were
being driven to the limit. This was now the plan of winning the
war. They would "carry on."
On November 9th the First Battalion received orders to move
back to Tailly. For six days the men had been weathering the chilly
fall rains in the funk holes just outside Beauclair. Some were stiff
from the effects of wet feet and clothing. All were worn out and
ready for relief. Tobacco, too, had been short, and there had been
scarcely any opportunity to smoke what little they had because of
orders against lights at night. Shelling had increased and some cas-
ualties were added to the list but surely this move meant a chance to
get back in shape again.
The march began on the evening of the 9th. Conversation in the
ranks ran something like this :
"Rest, did you say. Hell, there ain't no such thing. We are
shock troops. We'll get rest when we start to pushing up pop-
pies."
142 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
However, back in Tailly the billets and dried socks made every-
body feel like he had been translated to a seventh heaven. Every-
body was getting cleaned up. Some of the men were over in the lit-
tle wash-house, the village laundry, so well remembered for the in-
scription over the door, "Gott Strafe England." Suddenly, top ser-
geants bawled out, "Come out of it. Get your packs ready for an-
other move." The battalion must be ready to retrace its steps and
go far beyond its old positions by evening. "A man's just nacherally
has to have guts, that's all," remarked one of the men as he hastily
drew on his clothing to get ready for the new move.
The battalion was to stop at a point in the woods near the road-
side to await orders. The men unslung packs; some unrolled their
blankets to good advantage. Several hours passed and then came
guides to take charge of the companies. The way led toward Laneu-
ville. Guides gave information about the situation to the company
commanders as they moved along. The Second Battalion was to re-
lieve two companies of the 355th Infantry in Laneuville and two com-
panies of the same regiment bivouacked just outside of the town.
Company "C" and "D" arrived in the woods just west of Laneu-
ville late because their guides lost the way. Company "B" was bil-
leted in Laneuville while Company "A" occupied a large dugout just
beyond the railroad tracks. The whole of Company "A" together
with one machine gun platoon were crowded into a dugout of three
rooms. The tired men threw off their equipment to get what rest
they could.
Local information indicated that the First Battalion must cross
the Meuse and enter Stenay. German snipers and machine gunners
were active and artillery threatened at all times. One dare not show
himself outside the dugout in daylight on account of the snipers. A
major and his orderly were lying at this moment down the road.
They had been picked off that very afternoon. The bridges across
the river had been blown up. A patrol attempting to cross the river
was stopped by machine guns. They had left their leader and sever-
al dead on the banks. At this critical moment in the narration Cap-
tain Dahmke, followed by Major Blackinton, entered the dugout. Then
came the news which the men had anticipated. The calm, steady
voice of Major Blackinton threw a pall on all listeners as he said,
"Your orders are to be in Stenay tonight."
It was hard to realize the possibility of accomplishing the mis-
sion under the conditions. The Germans occupied the city of Stenay
and the high ground beyond. They were prepared to hold their
positions with machine guns and artillery. Moreover, there was the
river and the canal to be crossed and only one boat available. It had
a carrying capacity of thirty men. On the east side of the Meuse the
90th Division was advancing from the south. They were to have
taken Stenay on the 10th and to announce occupation with a rocket
signal. Close observation revealed no signal, and their location was
unknown. The First Battalion must drive across the river for
Stenay.
On to Stenay 143
Meanwhile the Second and Third Battalions were on their way to
co-operate with the 90th Division troops on the east side of the
Meuse river. The Second Battalion left Les Forgettes Chateau in the
early evening, never to return. The march led over the high hill in
the heart of Tailly Woods, through Montigny and Saulmury. Near
Ville-franche the engineers had constructed a pontoon bridge.
Lieutenant Melvin with a patrol from Company "G" was on ahead.
It seemed impossible to get definite information regarding the lo-
cation of the 90th Division troops, but the battalion must be in po-
sition to advance on Stenay in the morning.
Without a moment's hesitation the men moved across the bridge
in single file. The meadows between the river and the canal, on the
east bank of the Meuse, were stiff with a heavy hoar-frost. Move-
ment was necessary to keep from freezing. Finally the battalion
halted near the locks on the Meuse Canal about two kilometers south-
east of Mouzay.
Lieutenant Melvin reported that the town of Mouzay was filled
with gas and that he had been unable to gain contact with the 90th
Division troops. Major Peatross, Lieutenant Melvin, and a few run-
ners again went forward while the men fell out along the steep banks
of the canal. Some officers and a little party of men tried to kindle
a fire in the lock-keeper's house. Someone had left a newspaper
here. It was two days old but it gave the terms of the armistice.
Everyone fully expected that fighting would continue. At 4:30 a. m.
march was resumed to Mouzay where it was learned that a strong
patrol had been organized to enter Stenay. Its mission was to de-
termine the strength of the forces holding the town. The patrol did
not accomplish its mission and the 90th Division did not attack in
the morning.
The Second Battalion took over the abandoned German billets
and proceeded to forget about the war. But hardly were the men
asleep when shells began to fall into the edge of the town. There
were no orders to move and no one stirred. Presently word came
from the 179th Brigade Headquarters of the 90th Division that the
armistice was signed. Those who were asleep were not disturbed
and those who were awake found a place to sleep. The men of the
Second Battalion were so nearly "all in" that they must rest before
they could realize the news.
The experience of the Third Battalion was quite similar to that
of the Second. Up until 2 a. m. of November 11th the Third Battalion
held positions in La Haie Woods near Beauclair. At that hour, or-
ders were received to join the Second Battalion across the Meuse
River in the advance on Stenay from the south.
The march of the Third Battalion led over the flooded roads along
the Wiseppe River. Dawn brought them to Wiseppe. The enemy
had destroyed the bridge. It was necessary to improvise a crossing.
Only one man could make his way at a time on the treacherous logs.
At last the battalion reached the pontoon bridge at Ville-franche.
144 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
Ail was going satisfactorily untii the mooring of the boats gave way.
Several men fell into the cold, swift river. Difficulties could not be
allowed to impede the progress. The bridge was hastily repaired
and the Third Battalion followed the Second in the direction of
Mouzay.
While sitting alongside the road an officer drove up and an-
nounced the news of the armistice, and gave orders to continue on
to Stenay. The chief concern of the men now was to find a good
place to rest.
During these hours, the officers of the First Battalion continued
their efforts to find a way across the Meuse River. Lieutenant Dris-
coll and Lieutenant Connors had not reported back with their pa-
trols at 3 a. m. Lieutenant Chalmer with Private Cadue was sent
out. The light from a burning barrel of oil at the water's edge en-
abled him to locate Lieutenant Connors' patrol. No crossing could
be found. When they returned Major Blackinton set out with Cap-
tain Dahmke to confirm the information of the patrols,
Lieutenant Hulen in command of "A" Company had posted sen-
tries under cover to make observations. At nine o'clock Lieutenant
Chalmer reported back that a crossing could be effected.
The high embanked road leading over to Staney had been blown
out in no less than eight places, and the bridges over the river, canal,
and mill-race were destroyed. Some engineers had been trying to
estimate the possibilities of a crossing, but were driven away by
On to Stenay 145
enemy shrapnel. On the basis of this information, Company "A"
was ordered to cross the river. Lieutenant Connors was to lead with
the patrol, Lieutenant Chalmer was to follow with his platoon in
fifteen minutes and prepare crossings. It was now 9:30 a. m.
A heavy fog hung close to the surface. Nothing was visible but
the broad expanse of the water which disappeared in the haze a few
yards out from the shore. Every man wished he could look beyond.
Surely the enemy was waiting to open fire at the first appearance of
advancing troops. But this fog that had been so disagreeable served
effectively as a screen for our activities.
Nearer approach to the road showed mysterious rows of sticks
driven in the ground parallel to the water's edge and at right angles
to the road. These sticks stood some seven or eight feet high. Wisps
of vegetation were tied about two feet from the top. Their use was
apparent. Machine gunners knew the range to these sticks. They
knew the intervals between the poles and could control their field
of fire from right to left without being called upon to estimate it.
Quietly and patiently the men worked their way forward. The gaps
which had been blown in the embanked road were from fifteen to
thirty feet across. Water rushed through the openings below. It
was necessary to make a steep descent on one side, pass over the de-
bris in the bottom, and then make the steep ascent on the other side
to continue toward Stenay. After crossing five of these gaps, the
bridge which spanned the Meuse loomed into view. One long girder
lay suspended from its base on one side across the gap. Just beyond
was the bank of the canal, covered with wire entanglements. The
bridge across the canal was out, but fifty yards above lay the ruins
of the lock-gates which afforded a passage. The mill-race was still
to be crossed. Its bridge was completely down. Heavy timbers were
soon adjusted into a foot-log. Only one man could cross at a time,
but in the event of shelling this formation was highly desirable.
The thought of machine gun fire was oppressive. On the battle-
field there was a chance of flanking the enemy but here the men
were at the mercy of the enemy. We could do nothing but move
ahead. Safely across, the patrols reported that they were ready to
leave. Lieutenant Hulen with the slightest trace of a smile on his
worn face said, "It is reported that there will be no firing after
eleven o'clock, but don't throw away your equipment!"
At ten o'clock Lieutenant Connors reported the occupation of
Stenay in the following brief message :
"Private Gielow defeated for mayor of Stenay by three
votes."
He immediately set about getting the French civilians out of their
cellars and rounding up the few Germans who remained behind.
The town was still being bombarded in the southern section, but
the patrols met no resistance in their operation.
146 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
At 10:30 a patrol from the 90th Division entered the town from
the south. Lieutenant Connors notified its leader, a Lieutenant
Quinn, that the town of Stenay was in possession of the First Bat-
talion, 353rd Infantry, 89th Division. Before 11 a. m., armistice hour,
all of Company "A" had made their way across and a line of out-
posts was established on the heights above the town. There were
no casualties, but the mental strain and physical exertion had been
terrific. The men of the First Battalion had earned the right to the
good billets of Stenay for their regiment.
CITATION A LORDR.E
du 32 "'CORPS dARMEE
Extract From General Order No. S23. Mar 1. 101ft.
"Tin General amuundlni Ibe Anni Cain dtet In U» onton of tin Ann Corpa the 353nl Rrclmcnt
Amerlain Infinttr. Tlili Baxliaat, Id first elist order, entered Into battle AuiiBt, 1018, under tat a
maud of CoL Jims H. arms and aire ormf In iti Initial sen-Ire of imwkh. tenacitr ibtcta ■Unwed It
Conuundlni the 33ml Aimr Cotpa.
CHAPTER XXIV.
Stenay
The 12th of November, 1918, found the 353rd Infantry concen-
trated in Stenay. Since entering the Lucey Sector a hundred days
before the men of the regiment had been sheltered in dugouts and
fox-holes; now they occupied the homes of this French city.
A summary of information had given these facts at the beginning
of the advance on November 1st:
"Stenay, on the Meuse, sixteen kilometers southwest of Mont-
medy, 4,070 inhabitants, 598 houses, one mill, 200 wells, one nail
factory, one sawmill, barracks for three artillery regiments, pas-
senger and freight depots on the Sedan-Longwy railroad. 3
99
This statement was brief, but to those in Stenay who had ad-
vanced from shell hole to shell hole, wading marshes, and struggling
through woods, it was the revelation of a task accomplished. The
flooded Meuse was crossed. One line of the enemy's lateral com-
munications, the Sedan-Longwy railroad, had been cut. The great
American Objective — the Sedan-Mezieres railroad — was within grasp;
the German forces were divided — the victory was won.
Only a few civilians remained in the city, mostly old people un-
der the direction of the parish priest. They could scarcely believe
the presence of the strange but kindly Americans. With a great deal
of interest the soldiers gathered the story of their city. Stenay fell
into the hands of the Germans in August, 1914, and was held by them
until November 9, 1918, when, under the pressure of the American
troops they evacuated the city. Ten days before the armistice the
civilians were given two hours to leave. This order synchronized
closely with the advance of the Americans on November 1st. More-
over, one of the first prisoners captured by the 353rd Infantry on the
morning of November 1st, said that he had just been sent up from
the Replacement Camp at Stenay. These apparently inconsistent
actions of the enemy were explained in the condition of the looted
city. The irresistible advance of the Americans in the early days of
November had warned him that his long occupation was nearly over.
So he pushed up replacements to hold his lines and, at the same time,
ordered the civilians out in order to make sure of his escape with
the booty.
Viewed from the distance Stenay seemed to have escaped the fate
of nearly all other French cities in the battle areas. American ar-
tillerymen had thrown their shells into the immediate vicinity but
few if any into the city. The church, the most prominent of all the
buildings, maintained its old time grandeur. The massive artillery
barracks showed only the disorder of a hasty retreat; and the cha-
teau where the crown prince had been quartered still retained its
peaceful charm. Exceptions appeared along the river. Here the
Stenay 149
bridges had been blown up, and the flooded Meuse had scattered de-
bris in every direction. A glance within the city told the true story.
Every shop had been looted and only heaps of refuse were left be-
hind. Streets had been barricaded with furniture and household
equipment; the lighting and water systems were completely out of
commission; sewerage mains were blocked, and many of the best
homes had been used for offices and workshops. The most malicious
example of wanton destruction appeared in the laboratories and
home of M. Jaudin. According to the aged scholar's own statement,
two German officers with a detail of soldiers appeared at the last
moment and smashed test tubes and apparatus and then entered the
living rooms and tore the curtains from the walls. Even the treas-
ured letters of a lifetime were destroyed before their eyes. Nor had
the church, so grand in the distance, escaped pillage. The pipes of
the organ had been carried away to German munition factories to be
moulded into shells.
These revelations shocked the Americans, but they were none the
less surprised at the fine spirit of the returning refugees. Gradually
and almost timidly they came to ask shelter and peace in their own
homes. What sights greeted them — empty rooms, marred walls and
ruined floors. But the sympathetic and hearty welcome of the
Americans seemed to inspire them with new hope. Promptly and
cheerfully they began life over again; some moved directly to places
where they had concealed a few heirlooms from the invaders. A
French lady dug up her silverware in the backyard. An officer who
had been the town recorder before the war, pried up the stones of a
basement floor and took out the city records. The greatest surprise
of all was the sudden appearance of the Tri-Color from every house
occupied by Frenchmen. Though stripped of possessions and hu-
miliated by invaders, the traditions of the city, her spirit and pa-
triotism, were stronger than ever.
The situation, however, demanded immediate action. Company
"G" was detailed to post the first guard and each organization moved
into its quarters. The men needed no urging to make themselves
comfortable. Within a day every man had "made arrangement" for
a stove and a bed and then came the traditional order, doubly em-
phatic in the 353rd Infantry, "Police Up!" Floors were scrubbed,
backyards cleaned, streets swept and trash wagons put into ceaseless
motion. Parties were sent out to bury the dead horses. Following
the police order came inspections by platoon commanders, company
commanders, regimental and higher commanders, and within a week
the devastated and deserted city was a well regulated garrison.
Of equal importance to this general police was the personal clean-
up and re-equipment of the men. A new drive was on — this time
against the cooties. They were strongly entrenched and the greatest
difficulty seemed to be in their unlimited replacements. Change of
clothing was imperative and so the surplus kits that had been left
back at Transvaal Farm and in Bantheville Woods on November 1st
had to be gathered up. The Regimental Supply Company beat all
150 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
records for service. New suits replaced the ones that had been
through the drives; underwear and socks were abundant; new shoes
replaced for old ones. These shoes were mostly of English manufac-
ture and not well suited to the feet of American doughboys. They
were large enough but seemed to take no account of the difference in
shape of an individual's feet. For the time it was a good joke on
Tommy. "Odd, ain't it that *e should 'ave both feet alike?" remarked
a Yank as he walked out in a new pair of the heavy, box-toed, iron-
capped boots. But the comedy changed to tragedy later. Rations,
too, were generous. With new equipment, beds, to sleep in, mail
from home, regular meals, and best of all, the hope of an early re-
turn to the "Good Old U. S. A.," the men rapidly came back to old-
time form. And when General Sommerall, the corps commander,
came to express his admiration for the fighters he added a strong
commendation for the soldiers of the 353rd Infantry.
From some unknown source appeared a rumor about assignment
to the Army of Occupation. This new duty was supposed to be at-
tractive: first, it was an acknowledgment of efficiency; second, it
afforded an opportunity to see Germany. The general feeling how-
ever, among the men was — "The war is over, I want to go home."
Private Trigg argued, "I joined the war, not the army, I want to get
back in time to put in a crop next spring." To the American soldier
the white flag of the enemy meant the end of the scrap. The miser-
able task was done, he was anxious to take up life where he had left
off when his number was called. During campaign days he gladly
put his last ounce of energy into the struggle, scorning even the sug-
gestion of a halt until the victory was his, but it had not occurred to
him that there was still danger of losing the fruit of victory even
after the victory was won.
Because the American soldier considers the maneuvers and issues
of battle it is not to be inferred that he hesitates in obedience. When
the Training Schedule for the week beginning November 18th ap-
peared, drill took on the "snap" of preparatory days :
First Call, 6:00 a. m.
Assembly, 6:10 a. m.
Reveille, 6:15 a. m.
Mess, 6:30 a. m.
Inspection, 8:00 a. m.
The schedule continued with setting-up exercises, close order
drill and guard duty. "Lectures under the supervision of company
commanders on pertinent historical and military subjects," were in-
cluded; and, in addition, paragraph "B" provided "daily classes in
the French language, compulsory for all officers, and recommended
in each company for enlisted men." Finally, what seemed most por-
tentous of all, was this requirement: "Practice march of at least
twenty-four kilometers under full mobile equipment." Before the
schedule was well under way, orders were received to begin the
Stenay 151
construction of a target range; and soon one battalion was detailed
each day to repair roads; the Third Battalion had already marched
to Margut to receive returning prisoners of war and to take over
enemy property. Surely, there was enough to do for the 353rd In-
fantry in Stenay.
Suddenly all activities were suspended. An order came from
Regimental Headquarters requiring "All officers report at once."
Colonel Reeves announced that the 89th Division was to form a part
of the Army of Occupation, and read the following order.
From: Illustrious I. P. C. Stenay.
To : C. O. 353rd Infantry.
Hour: 12:00. Date, 11-22-18.
The forward movement will begin the morning of 24th No-
vember. No effort will be spared to prepare for it. Immediate
report will be made to these headquarters by phone of approxi-
mate shortages of equipment. Inspections will begin at once and
accurate report of shortages will be made to Immortal I through
these headquarters. All training and work on target ranges will
be subordinated to preparation and equipment.
Signed: Illustrious I.
Reed. 12:15. By Davis.
November 24, 1918, came on Sunday, the regular moving day for
the regiment.
CHAPTER XXV.
The March to Germany
The enemy still had, according to the terms of the armistice, one
day to clear out of the "invaded countries of Belgium, France, Al-
sace-Lorraine, and Luxemburg," when the 89th Division began its
march to Germany. Advance elements of the Army of Occupation
were close on the heels of the retreating forces.
"The enemy continued his withdrawal. The 3rd and 4th
Corps form the advance of our pursuing forces. The 7th Corps
forms the reserve."
So read Paragraph One of Field Order No. 64, 89th Division. The
word "pursuing" is marked out in the order submitted to the com-
manding officer of the 353rd Infantry, but it is too expressive of the
spirit of the occasion to be omitted from history.
The 89th Division, along with seven other picked American di-
visions, had been selected to form the Army of Occupation. With
pride and confidence both officers and enlisted men entered upon
this new duty. The terms of the armistice left nothing to be desired
so far as immediate assurance of victory was concerned. They had
overcome the enemy in battle, now they were to occupy his country.
The situation was especially gratifying to the officers and enlisted
men of the 353rd Infantry for their regiment was to form the advance
guard of the 89th Division on the march.
Briefly stated, the mission of the Army of Occupation was to in-
sure compliance with the terms of the peace treaty. The doughboy
was decidedly interested in the surrender of the German fleet, es-
pecially the submarines. He was keenly delighted with the state-
ment of German equipment to be turned over — 5,000 guns, 30,000
machine guns, 3,000 minennwerfers, 2,000 aeroplanes — the very
thought startled him. Moreover, he realized that upon the accom-
plishment of a satisfactory peace treaty depended his return to the
United States. But neither armistice nor peace treaty concerned the
soldiers so immediately as the personal appeal of General Pershing
contained in the following order:
G. H. Q.
AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES
General Order No. 218. France, Nov. 28, 1918.
In view of the extraordinary conditions under which that
part of the American Expeditionary Forces which constitutes
the Army of Occupation of German Territory is serving, the
Commander-in-Chief desires to acquaint the officers and men
composing it with the expectations which he entertains as to
their conduct. You have come not as despoilers or oppressors,
The March to Germany 153
but simply as the instruments of a strong, free government whose
purposes towards the people of Germany are beneficent. Dur-
ing our occupation the civil population is under the special safe-
guard of the faith and honor of the American Army.
It is, therefore, the intention of this order to appeal directly
to your pride in your position as representatives of a powerful
but righteous nation, with the firm conviction that you will so
conduct yourself in your relations with the inhabitants of Ger-
many as will cause them to respect you and the country you
have the honor to represent. While you appear among them as
a conquering army, you will exhibit no ill will towards the in-
habitants.
On the other hand you are warned against conduct unbe-
coming your position as instruments of military rule. So long
as a state of war continues, Germany remains enemy territory,
and there must be no intimate personal association with its in-
habitants. A dignified and reserved attitude will be main-
tained on your part at all times.
It is not believed that any acts of pillage or violence will be
committed by members of the American forces, but, should any
persons prove themselves unworthy of this confidence, their
acts will be considered not only as crimes against the sufferers,
but as dishonoring the American Army and as a direct insult to
the flag of the United States. Such transgressions, should they
occur, will be punished with the severest penalties known to our
military law.
By Command of General Pershing.
Official : James W. McAndrew,
Robert C. Davis, Adjutant-General. Chief of Staff.
This order was read at formations and came as a personal mes-
sage to each man. American soldiers recognized in the new task the
fulfillment of their mission in the American Expeditionary Forces
and willingly "carried on."
Every man understood at the outset that assignment to the Army
of Occupation meant duty, not participation in a touring party. The
conditions of the march itself were exceedingly difficult. Field
Order No. 64, 89th Division, contained this instruction:
"Strictest attention to march discipline will be paid and dis-
tances maintained. Orders on this subject will be carefully
studied and rigidly adhered to. The march will be begun ha-
bitually at 7:00 hours throughout this advance. A halt of 15
minutes will be given from 7:45 to 8:00 except at noon, when
one hour will be given."
Some of the orders referred to are as follows :
1. The highest posible standards of march discipline will be
exacted at all times. The following will govern :
154 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
(a) The habitual formation for marching will be the column
of squads, the present organization of units conforming
thereto as nearly as practicable.
(b) Whenever units march in column of squads, except
during ceremonies, company, battalion, and regimental
commanders will, from time to time, march in rear of
their respective units and will check every breach of
march discipline. The company commander responsi-
ble for the pace of a column will march at the head of
the company to which he belongs. Commanders of cov-
ering detachments, advance guard, etc., will march as
contemplated in F. S. R. for such units.
(c) Marching troops will habitually cover a mile in twenty
minutes, two and one-half miles during the fifty min-
utes of marching time in the hour. An officer will set
the pace. He will constantly check the rate by counting
his paces against the watch. Each company officer by
pacing over the measured mile, will determine the num-
ber of paces per minute required to give the desired rate
of a mile in twenty minutes.
(d) The elements of the column will cover accurately in
file and will keep accurately dressed toward the side of
the guide. Rifles will be carried either slung vertically
or in such manner on the shoulder, muzzle up and ele-
vated, as not to interfere with the soldier next in rear.
(e) No one will fall out of ranks on the march except with
the specific authority of his company commander.
Authority will be given only for the most urgent reasons.
The equipment of a soldier authorized to fall out will be
left with his squad.
(f) No one will ride on any horse-drawn vehicle, except the
necessary driver. A brakeman may be assigned to a
wagon, where necessary, but will only be permitted to
ride on down grades, when the setting of the brake is
needed. Drivers of machine gun carts and ration carts
will walk. All personnel of animal-drawn transporta-
tion, either artillery or trains, will wear full equipment
and carry the same pack as the infantry. Drivers are
the exception to this rule as to packs — the team drivers
placing the pack on the off horse. All personnel, other
than section commanders, drivers and brakemen, will
be formed and marched in one group under the senior
present at the tail of each battalion section. The prac-
tice of hanging on to a vehicle while walking is pro-
hibited.
(g) Marching in cadence at ease will be the normal practice
in the division.
The March to Germany 155
In addition to complying with these stringent orders it must be
remembered that each man carried equipment weighing approxi-
mately seventy pounds.
Shortage of transportation added to the hardship of the march.
Immediately preceding the assignment of the 89th Division to the
Army of Occupation almost all the transportation facilities of the
regiment had been turned over to divisions already on the march.
When the Supply Company of the 353rd Infantry started to move on
November 24th, there were scarcely animals enough to pull the
kitchen and ration wagons, and only four Ford trucks were available
for hauling surplus kits and baggage. In spite of unceasing effort
the surplus kits and baggage had to be left behind after three days
movement.
But two weeks of recuperation in Stenay had put new life into
the men, so after a final police they made the start on schedule time
and in high spirits. It was hard to believe these were the same men
who had dragged themselves into the city less than two weeks be-
fore. Every man now wore a complete uniform. Helmets fairly
glistened with their new coats of oil and divisional insignia. The
full packs, rolled and fashioned to the variation of a centimeter,
seemed utterly out of proportion in comparison with the light packs
carried in the field. But it was too early to feel their weight. One
man, however, did remark at the moment of leaving, "Boys, we're
no longer soldiers; we're government mules now."
The First Battalion, commanded by Major Schutt, formed the ad-
vance party; the Second, commanded by Captain Adkins, was in
support; the Third, commanded by Captain Postin, was already at
Margny and maintained its station. Colonel Reeves rode at the head
of the support and was in command of the advance guard.
The route led out of Stenay northeast over the national highway.
Along the way were new scenes of depredation. The Germans had
cut the fine trees on either side of the road, and, in preparation for
a rear guard action, they had "dug in" behind the trunks. The ques-
tion arose at once, "How could we ever have gotten up this road with
Fritz still in those holes?" The answer came back, "Flank him."
Down at the foot of the hill lay a pile of German helmets. Fritz had
foreseen this reply several days earlier and had abandoned his hel-
mets as well as his holes in his flight across the Rhine. Fields along
the way were barren except for occasional bushes that had grown up
during the many seasons since there had been any cultivation of the
soil. The country appeared to be a continuation of "No Man's
Land."
Occasionally parties of refugees greeted the marching columns.
Nearly all of them walked and carried their possessions on their
shoulders or pushed them along in carts. In spite of the weariness
so evident in their faces, they were forging eagerly on to their homes.
It was fine fall weather, just right for vigorous exercise when the
march was begun; by 1:30 p. m. the distance for the day — twenty-
156 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
six kilometers — had been covered. Captain Eades, the regimental
intelligence officer, sent in this report to Division Headquarters :
"First Battalion moved from Stenay to Geronville; Second
Battalion, Headquarters, Supply and Machine Gun Companies
moved from Stenay to Margny; Third Battalion remained in
Mar gut; Regimental P. C. established in Margny."
Margny was typical of the towns in this area. The ragged walls
of buildings destroyed in 1914 looked already like ancient ruins.
Only a few civilians remained. Not a cow or a chicken was in sight
for the Germans had carried away everything with them on their
retreat. This little town of possibly five hundred inhabitants before
the war now furnished but scant shelter to the men of a battalion
for the night.
The most persistent questioning brought out but few details of
war experiences in Margny. It seemed that drunken German soldiers
had turned machine guns on civilians, but accounts differ; one said
that sixteen had been killed, another said forty. Most of the buildings
had been dynamited by the owners themselves in order to prevent
their contents from falling into the hands of the enemy. Perhaps
those who knew best had not been left to tell the story.
Billeting parties had preceded the companies to the town and di-
vided up the shelter. Only barns were available, but the men asked
no questions. Another day's march would begin in the morning, and
quite a few were anxious to investigate the burning spots on their
feet before dark, so no time was lost in making arrangements for the
night.
In order to effect a concentration, the march was delayed on the
following morning until 8:00 a. m. The second day seemed marked
for disaster. Colonel Reeves made his final inspection a few min-
utes before time to fall in; the police was not satisfactory. Com-
pany commanders maintained that their men were not responsible for
the conditions. The town must be policed! Consequently the march
began with a bad start. The First Battalion had gone beyond Margny
to Geronville on the first day and thus had a lead over the Second
Battalion of almost eight kilometers. An engineer wagon train joined
the column in the vicinity of Geronville and took position between
the First Battalion, still in advance, and the Second Battalion and
other troops of the regiment in support. The First Battalion troops
were fresh and struck out at regulation rate. The wagoners of the
engineer train lost distance and then made up at a trot. Captain
Adkins had specific orders to keep within five hundred yards of the
last wagon. The race went on at an irregular rate for a time, but
the men in support soon lost heart; General Winn drove up as they
were dropping out by the wayside. A staff officer had recorded one
hundred and three names by the time the column reached St. Marie.
No one gave up; as soon as the hourly halt was made by the column
those who had fallen out straggled back to their companies and the
The March to Germany 157
road resembled a street fair scene. The march was only two kil-
ometers farther than that of the preceding day but the men were
completely used up. The following extract from a report reveals
the conditions responsible:
Headquarters Company:
Blistered feet 30
Bad arches and degrees of flat feet 12
Sore cords 6
First Battalion:
Blistered feet 25
Swollen feet and fallen arches 9
Second Battalion :
Blistered feet 54
Strains 15
Corns and bunions 7
Weak arches 15
It is reported that in most cases where blisters appear, they
are caused by new English shoes, which were issued recently.
They do not fit well and invariably blister and strain the foot.
This second day's march, disastrous as it had been, brought the
regiment into Belgium. The First Battalion and Regimental Head-
quarters were stationed at Buzenol; the Second Battalion, Supply
Company and Machine Gun Companies at Chantemelle; the Third
Battalion at Fratin. Timely information in the evening of November
26th stated "The Regiment will remain in its present location until
further orders."
The civilian population of Belgium welcomed the Americans as
deliverers; arches of evergreen spanned the entrance to each village.
Over the arches and even in the windows were written in bright
letters these words: "Honneur a nos allies." Flags waved gayly,
but the Americans could scarcely recognize Old Glory in her variety.
Local seamstresses had added stripes according to supply of material
and stars by guess. Billeting officers were received as deliverers
and church bells welcomed the American columns. Homes were
wide open and the 353rd Infantry, tired and foot-sore, settled down
to a quiet celebration of Thanksgiving in Belgium.
After a three-day rest the regiment proceeded a short way on its
march. Regimental Headquarters were located at Fouches with the
companies in adjoining towns. A memorandum from corps head-
quarters several days earlier had ordered:
"In addition to suitable outposts each unit down to and in-
cluding the company, will have a designated assembly point to
which all members of the unit shall repair, without delay, in
case of alarm.
158 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
The alarm signal for units of this corps will be the 'To Arms"
on the bugle, or the firing of five shots in quick succession from
a pistol or rifle.
At each halt for the night, or for longer periods, at least one
practice alarm assembly will be held. In each bivouac, can-
tonment, or garrison alarm assemblies will be held whenever di-
rected by higher authority."
The peaceful conditions of the country had led company com-
manders to believe that no alarm would ever be necessary. Couriers
brought the word from Regimental Headquarters about midnight on
December 2nd. Buglers blew the high, thrilling call, 'To Arms", and
company commanders added five shots a few minutes later. The
men awoke with the startled feeling of campaign days. It was hard
work to find their scattered equipment in the dark and when they
rushed to the doors they found themselves locked in. What could
it mean but a plot against the American forces! Efforts to reach the
station caused a general alarm among civilians as well as soldiers.
The Americans had not counted on the European custom of locking
houses. In several cases a full half hour had passed before the com-
panies could be formed. After this experience everyone made sure
of his equipment and the exit from his billet before turning in for
the night, and assembly was accomplished within five minutes, often
three.
On December 3rd the Regiment continued on into Luxemburg.
In spite of the heavy packs and sore feet the men began to take great
interest in the scenes along the way. Summaries of information
from the Divisional Intelligence Department increased this interest.
This little country of Luxemburg had less than 1,000 miles of area
and a population of 275,000. Its fields were well cultivated and its
roadways lined with evergreen. Modern houses and store buildings
spoke of prosperity and an occasional castle or ruins added a touch
of historical interest to the natural beauty of the country.
The inhabitants spoke what was called "Luxemburg Deutsch,"
but through close contact with both Germany and France, most of
them spoke the language of each of these countries with equal flu-
ency. They were noncommittal with regard to their sympathy, pre-
ferring, however, to be considered with the French. Evidently they
had profited by the German occupation and now wished to maintain
the same business relations with the American and Allied Forces. A
few of the Home Guard, dressed in gay uniforms, were stationed in
each town but the country itself seemed to be normal and the Amer-
icans felt that, in Luxemburg, at least, they were European tourists
rather than soldiers in the Army of Occupation.
December 5th, Company Commanders read General Order No.
103, 89th Division, at retreat. On the following day the 353rd In-
fantry was to cross into Germany. This order contained the final
instructions :
The March to Germany 159
"Tomorrow this division marches into Germany. Every man
is proud of this division, proud of its fine record, proud it has
been selected to represent the United States on hostile soil.
The Commander-in-Chief has called on us to deal fairly with
the German people. Our great nation entered this war to give
to oppressed people a square deal. With our Allies, we have won
the victory which guarantees this square deal. Our Army of
Occupation is here to secure this square deal. We demand it,
we enforce it, and we will also give it.
Security and protection of troops on the march or at halts,
must never be neglected.
Until further orders, enlisted men will not go beyond the out-
posts established by their command, except on duty. Officers
will not travel without arms, and troops will habitually be form-
ed and marched under arms. The unpoliced portions of larger
towns must not be frequented by individuals. Single individ-
uals will not, as a rule, be sent on any duty.
The use of light wines and beer is not prohibited, but intoxi-
cation will be punished severely and the use of strong drink of
whatever kind prevented. The beverage called "Schnapps" is
prohibited.
In all dealings with the German people, their homes and their
families, will be respected."
Reports from the troops in advance indicated that the attitude
of the Germans was not altogether friendly. Quarters were to be had
only upon forced requisition. Even the children were said to play
machine gunners as the columns marched along. So it was with
some foreboding of evil that the regiment crossed the Sauer river at
Echternach in the forenoon of December 6, 1918.
The river at this point was scarcely more than an American
creek and the road leading down from the Luxemburg territory to
the little stone bridge continued on the German side just as if all
were under one government. Some American soldiers were guard-
ing the bridge. They saluted the officers and the ceremony of oc-
cupation was complete.
So this was Germany. The town of Echternach was clean and
orderly. Its adjoining fields showed the most intensive cultivation.
Rows of fruit trees on either side marked the improved highways,
rough from the recent heavy traffic, but still showing the thorough-
ness of German construction.
The American soldiers could not but contrast the scenes before
them with those they left behind in France. Here thrifty families
still lived and kept their homes in good order; in France the people
had abandoned their homes in ruins. Here the fields, laid out like
gardens, showed signs of a recent harvest; in some places, plowing
had already been completed for the planting of another season; in
France fields had lost their boundaries and were still covered with
160 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
wire entanglements, cut by trenches, and torn by shell holes; several
seasons would be necessary to clear many of the fields of battle.
Here the villages were all intact; there they were in ruins. And the
question arose whether or not the demand for an armistice on the
part of the German people had arisen out of the contrast.
Contrary to anticipation, the German civilian population proved
very friendly. Army orders required all returned soldiers to put on
civilian clothing immediately, but many of them had complied with-
out waiting for the order. This was threshing season and almost to
a man they were back at their work. The only signs of the once
mighty military machine into which had gone the energy and life of
the nation, were the wrecked automobiles and abandoned equipment
along the road side.
The German people were all tremendously interested in the
American soldiers. They admired the uniform and gazed with eager
eyes when rations were unloaded. Here was white bread, the first
they had seen in months; and whole quarters of fresh beef. They
could scarcely believe that such provisions still existed in the world,
but it was all "verboten" to them.
Instructions upon the necessity of military courtesy in Germany
had been very emphatic before the march was begun. The Germans
being a military people would expect something of their own iron
discipline in the American army, but they were quick to note the
contrast of relationship between officers and men in the American
army and their own military machine. They had never seen officers
march along with the men, nor could they understand how officers
lived on the same rations as the enlisted men. Another surprise to
the German people was the presence of so many in the American
forces who spoke to them in their own language. They told of their
relatives in America but they did not expect to find them in the
ranks of the forces arrayed against the Yaterland.
Hardship grew as the season advanced to the winter time. The
weather was now cold and foggy. The roads were rough and cut
with deep ruts. Shoes were badly worn and the pack seemed to get
heavier each day.
On the 9th of December the 353rd Infantry reached Gerolstein.
This was said to be the end of the march. Gerolstein had been a
health resort before the war, noted for its mineral water called
"sprudel." There were six large hotels and many other buildings
easily adapted to billeting. The railroad shops had fine shower
baths; rations came in regularly on the trains; the supply company
soon managed to bring up the surplus kits and baggage; the people
were friendly and delighted that their city was in the American
rather than in the French or British zone of occupation. The sol-
diers looked upon Gerolstein in terms of the American real estate
man as "a city of homes." In addition to the large possibilities for
comfort in this city there was also much of educational interest. All
about were the volcanic formations of earlier ages; upon the hill was
The March to Germany 161
the ruin of a castle which Napoleon had wrecked a hundred years
before; down in the valley was the beautiful Church of the Emperor.
Chaplain Gray had plans made for a big Christmas celebration with-
in its beautiful walls. Gerolstein was a real town, almost worth the
long march from Stenay.
But no sooner had the companies completed arrangements for
comfort and settled down to the enjoyment of the city when word
came that the regiment must move to a new area.
Billet in Weinsheim, Germany
"The 353rd Infantry will be billeted in the following towns:
Weinsheim, Gandelsheim, Willwerath, Olzheim, Neudorf, Reuth.
The First Battalion will continue on railroad guard from Erdorf
Junction to Lissingcn. Towns will be assigned to the battalions
on the return of the billeting officer."
When Captain Dahmke, the regimental billeting officer, returned,
he reported that the dispersion of the regiment could not be more
complete. The highways connecting these towns were bad and none
of the towns to which the regiment was moving were on railroads.
The calamity seemed even more final when the troops reached their
stations. These towns were simply aggregations of buildings
grouped together along the highways. Many of the buildings had
thatched roofs; not infrequently the men preferred the barns to the
houses.
But the men of the 353rd Infantry had learned to make the best
of bad as well as good situations. What these villages lacked in com-
162 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
fort their people made up in good will. They were of the large
simple class that had borne the brunt of battle as well as war. Wein-
sheim with less than three hundred population had sent forty sol-
diers into the German army. Thirteen out of this forty would never
return; some were still suffering from wounds; several others were
held as prisoners of war. Experience had revealed to these people
the vanity of their nation's program; now hatred and bitterness
were submerged in grief. The crime of the imperialistic caste against
these poor people seemed to the Americans even baser than that com-
mitted against the peoples of other nations. Not only the hardship
of the inadequate shelter but the inconvenience to these people made
both officers and enlisted men anxious for change of area.
The movement to these towns had been made in a blinding snow
storm and the weather grew steadily colder. When living conditions
became all but intolerable, readjustment within the entire divisional
area saved the day. On the 21st of December the 353rd Infantry was
assigned to Prum, Niederprum and Romersheim. The scattered ele-
ments of the regiment were concentrated in this, their final area of
occupation and the long march of two hundred forty kilometers, be-
gan on November 24th from Stenay, France, through Belgium and
Luxemburg into Germany, was over.
CHAPTER XXVI.
The 353rd Infantry Area and Relations With Its People
The area held by the 353rd Infantry in Germany was on the ex-
treme left of the American zone of occupation and finally included
almost the entire "kreis" (circle) of Prum. It was bounded on the
west by Luxemburg and the British area; on the east by the Prum
river; it extended from the town of Sladkyil in the north to Obers-
gegen in the south. Regimental Headquarters, Headquarters and
Supply Companies were permanently located in Prum, a little city
of some 2500 population. The battalions changed about in the small-
er towns until the 354th Infantry was assigned as Army Troops and
moved to Trier in early February. After this time the centers of
occupation for the regiment were as follows: Regimental Head-
quarters, Headquarters and Supply Companies and the First Bat-
talion in Prum and Neiderprum; the Second Battalion in Waxweiler;
the Third Battalion in Neuerburg; the Machine Gun Company in
Weinsheim.
The area occupied by the 353rd Infantry is a succession of targe
hills with an average altitude of five hundred fifty meters. From
the great amount of snow in this section of the country, it received
its name, "Schneifel." To the Americans it was known as "the Si-
beria of the American zone." Inhabitants described the climate as
"rauh," which the Americans freely translated "raw." A common
saying about the weather was, "Seven months winter and five
months bad weather."
164 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
The rigor of climate and ruggcrlncss of country had left their
impression on the people. From the youngsters who crowded the
streets to the old people who still hobbled along at their daily tasks,
they were a red-faced, sturdy lot. Life centered in the villages and
each little "dorf" presented a cross section of the life of the entire
area.
Long years of discipline in church, school and army had devel-
oped in the people great patience and respect for constituted auth-
ority. Civilians lifted their hats to the venerable burgermeister : and
teachers were always honored. With the exception of a few of-
ficials and returned officers, the people cheerfully paid the same
respect to the Americans that they had been accustomed to pay to
their own authorities. The American salute was immensely popular
with the children — models of precision and snap.
Agriculture, stock raising, and leather manufacture were the main
industries. During this time of occupation by the 353rd Infantry,
conditions were gradually becoming normal. Farmers drove out to
their strips of land in the morning and returned in the evening (o
the social life of the village. Once each month was market day and
the town of Prum, "kreistadt," was filled with busy traders ex-
changing their stock and wares. The manufacturing industries were
much slower in returning to normal activity. The mill in Prum op-
erated by water power had a capacity of 2,000 pounds daily. In an
interview, the miller stated that grain was scarce and at present the
output was scarcely at half capacity. Clean wheat was one hundred
marks per 100 pounds. Flour from this wheat retailed at three
The 353rd Infantry Area and Relations With Its People 165
marks -per pound, and was still sold only on food cards. The tan-
nery had two hundred fifty-six vats each with a capacity of thirty-
eight hides. Only fifteen men were employed at this time. Before
the war the average price of the leather produced was 1.8 marks per
pound; at the present time it was six marks per pound. The woolen
mill was now used by the Regimental Machine Gun Company as a
stable. Its owner said that as many as two hundred men had been
employed before the war in the manufacture of blankets, socks, and
cloth. At the outbreak of the war the government had taken over
the plant and removed the machinery and the operator, at the age
of forty-seven, was drafted into military service in 1917. These con-
ditions found a close parallel in the domestic life of the people.
The intelligence section made the following summary of reports
in January, 1919:
ECONOMIC SITUATION
PRUM :
"The clothing worn by the people of Prum seems of good
quality. One noticeable feature, however, is the heavy, shape-
less shoes worn not only by the men, but also by women from
outlying towns. Leather is very scarce, and a poor substitute
is seen in all the shops. The shoe stores have no leather shoes
on display. Store windows contain only wooden shoes, and
inner-soles of straw or matting material. Men's shirts at the
present time supplant full shirts to a great extent. Women's
wearing apparel, such as silk waists, knitted blouses, etc., are
mostly all pre-war products and very expensive. Beer is plen-
tiful, but of a poor grade — selling from 20 to 30 pfennings the
glass. Wine is also of a very poor quality and priced from 12 to
20 marks the bottle."
WAXWEILER :
"The farmers in this area are short of seed potatoes. A few
of them have none whatever to plant. They are far from being
satisfied with the way the government is dealing with them.
For instance, a certain amount of potatoes has to be delivered
to the German inspectors for which they get seven marks a cent-
ner. When the time for planting comes, many of them are so
short that they must buy their own potatoes back, but for a price
of from 20 to 22 marks a centner. They do not know who gets
the profit.
After the armistice when the German army passed through
this area, the hay and grain was all taken from the farmers.
The small farmers are therefore very short of feed for their
cows. This has an effect on the amount of milk and butter se-
cured each week. They claim the poor farmers are fined from
50 to 150 marks when they fail to turn in the full amount of but-
ter required of them by the government and the rich farmer in
like cases is fined only a few marks. 1
>»
166 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
The people in this area were, nevertheless, intensely loyal to the
government in the war. Many of the women still wore the iron
lockets which they had received in exchange for their gold jewelry.
These lockets were inscribed, "Gold for iron in iron times." Not
only had they given up their jewelry and denied themselves even the
necessities of life, but they had taken over the work of the men. It
was not unusual, even at this time, to see women driving ox teams
and lending a hand in the heaviest manual labor. Three hundred
fifty men of the town of Prum had been called into the army. Rec-
ords showed that eighty had been killed and the Burgermeister
stated that very few of the others had escaped being wounded at
least once.
Such were the conditions in the area occupied by the 353rd In-
fantry. In a calm, business-like manner the regiment marched into
the town. The writer of this statement in a local German paper
might well have had men of the 353rd Infantry in mind:
"Four Americans are walking down the street. All four are
in khaki. Cloth is made of good wool; shoes are of good leather.
Each of them seems 14 to 15 feet high. Their shoulders are
broad and straight and they walk with the slow tread of meat-
nourished power. An air of plenty surrounds them and speaks
of bounty of the land from which they come."
But the Americans did not stop to consider what was in the
minds of the civilians. They had come to occupy the towns and
nailed up their proclamations without hesitation:
HEADQUARTERS 89TH DIVISION
SECOND SECTION, G. S.
Germany
19 December, '18.
Proclamation to the German People:
EXTRACT :
*****
"The American Army, in its administration, will act strictly
in accordance with the people's rights, and the principles and
uses of warfare recognized in civilized nations. On their side,
the inhabitants must refrain from showing any enmity against
the American troops, either by word or by action; nor must
they place any difficulties in the way.
It is now the duty of the inhabitants to carry on their usual
occupations in an orderly manner, to restore normal conditions
of their schools, churches, hospitals and charitable institutions,
and to bring life to its former activity. In this, not only shall
they not be hindered, but, they shall be helped and protected.
As long as their behavior and attitude shall so remain, the courts,
public offices and institutions will be carried on under the
The 353rd Infantry Area and Relations With Its People 167
supervision of the American command, and the existing laws
and regulations in so far as they are not prejudicial to the rights
and security of American troops, shall remain in force.
Every violation of the laws of war, every act of hostility and
every deed of violence, as well as the non-observance of the or-
ders of the military authorities, shall be severely punished.
John J. Pershing.
The first task was to find satisfactory billets for the officers and
enlisted men of the regiment. Billeting or housing troops in civilian
homes is an old practice in Europe, and especially were the Rhine-
landers accustomed to sheltering troops in their homes. Some of the
houses in the regimental area still told of occupation by the French
soldiers a hundred years before; and in the city hall of Prum could
still be seen the bust of Napoleon which the conqueror had presented
to the city. Also the people spoke of keeping their own troops dur-
ing maneuvers as well as more recently in war times.
At first the civilian population were inclined to set aside what-
ever rooms they thought they could spare for the American troops.
These rooms, noticeably in the houses of the well-to-do, were attic
rooms reached by zig zag or winding stairs. But as time went on the
Americans became more and more disposed to select for themselves.
On February 20, 1919, the following instructions were received from
the army commander:
a*
'1. The attention of the Army Commander has been called to
the fact that billeting is not equitably distributed in any of the
towns occupied by American troops.
2. To obviate this state of affairs, provide suitable billets for
American soldiers and equalize the occupation of territory upon
all classes of enemy inhabitants, the following procedure is di-
rected without delay :
The billeting capacity of every available house including
private dwellings, regardless of the social status or class of in-
habitants, will be carefully checked up and no exceptions will
be made in the case of any house. The use of kitchens will be
left to inhabitants and sufficient sleeping quarters to permit of
each female occupant over the age of twelve years having her
own bed. Aside from this, no bed or separate room need be left
for any adult male German between the ages of twelve and sixty
years where such procedure would result in an American of-
ficer or soldier not being provided with a bed.
Based on the check made as directed in the preceding para-
graph a redistribution of billets will take place with the least
practicable delay, with a view to insuring the comfort, health
and general sanitation of the American soldier and an equal dis-
tribution of the inconveniences of a military occupation on the
inhabitants of the country so occupied. 1
»»
168 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
It was no longer a matter of choice or disposition; company
commanders set about to find rooms and they did not stop until they
had complied with the spirit as well as the letter of the instructions.
One state official, a veterinarian and meat inspector, found it hard
to give up his office, and later, beyond endurance, to turn over his
front rooms. In his exasperation he remarked, "The Americans can
not make a pig pen out of my house." He was promptly summoned
before a military commission and forced to pay a heavy fine as well
as to turn over the rooms.
The intimate conditions of associations with the civilian popula-
tion brought a new word into the technical vocabulary of the Ameri-
can soldier. This word was "fraternize." To fraternize meant to be
on friendly terms with the enemy. All but the strictest business re-
lations were forbidden. The evils of the practice had already ap-
peared on the Russian and Italian fronts and officials determined to
take no chances in the Armies of Occupation. Captain Eades with
his intelligence section was constantly on the lookout to detect any
breach of orders. The following report shows how delicate was his
task on some occasions :
Memo, to G-2, 89th Division:
Herewith a letter, delivered to this office in accordance with
orders to the German postal authorities, addressed to Pvt. "Bill."
This letter is from a Fraulein B., PRUM. Fraulein B. informed
an investigator that this soldier had been billeted in their home
for one night only, that he spoke German. This soldier had
written her three times — had promised to send his picture, and
that this was the first time she had written to him.
No further action deemed necessary."
Carl G. Eades,
Captain 353rd Infantry.
But no casualties occurred in the regiment through fraterniza-
tion in this or any other form.
Under the terms of the armistice all arms and ammunition in
possession of civilians had to be delivered to the American authori-
ties as well as all military stores not removed from the occupied zone
within the time allowed for evacuation. The 353rd Infantry had
already taken possession of the personal property of this nature.
Many fine swords and pistols as well as shot guns made up the col-
lection. It was not uncommon to find arms of other nations in the
lot; a large Russian sword always claimed the attention of eager
souvenir hunters. Some held back their prized weapons for a time,
but after a few houses had been searched and the owners fined, de-
liveries were promptly completed. One of the most interesting col-
lections of material had been assembled in the town hall. It con-
sisted of copper kettles, lamp fixtures, candle-sticks, and other
precious keepsakes that the people had contributed to the govern-
ment for its munitions factory. At the town of Halschlag was a mu-
The 353rd Infantry Area and Relations With Its People 169
nitions factory. Large stores of high explosive material and shells
were located at this place. All of this property fell to the care of the
353rd Infantry.
One of the most important relations with the civilians was the
control of circulation within the area. All civilians and returned
soldiers were required to register and everyone going out of the
area or coming in must present a pass. Returned soldiers were
closely questioned with regard to their organizations and service.
The information they gave shed a great deal of light upon interest-
ing phases of the war. One man who had seen three years in the
German service claimed that he saw the first American prisoners
that were taken by the Germans. He stated that these prisoners
boasted openly that they were the forerunners of three million men
that would be in line within a year. He added, "It seemed prepos-
terous but it made us think, and moreover, we had never seen such
strong fellows as these Americans." A German marine who returned
to Prum on January 28, stated that he was in Antwerp at the cessa-
tion of hostilies and saw the mutiny of the naval forces; thirty-five
officers had been killed by their own men. One soldier had been
with the forces opposing the 353rd Infantry on the morning of Sep-
tember 12th. He was wounded in the engagement but escaped with
three comrades, the only ones of his entire company that were not
captured. The inhabitants of the occupied territory were very ready
to co-operate in the control of circulation. These people had saved
their earnings and were opposed to any form of soviet rule. They
realized that protection in their rights and property was now in the
bands of the American troops rather than in the hands of their own
soldiers.
While circulation within the area was carefully guarded, public
assembly was encouraged, especially assemblies for the discussions
of political measures. All meetings were attended by a representa-
tive of the intelligence department. In this area the population was
approximately eighty-five per cent Catholic. The main issue so far
as discussion indicated was the question of separation of the school
from the church. When the election of delegates to the national as-
sembly took place on January 19, 1919, extra guards were added to
give full assurance of order. To the surprise of the Americans, men
and women cast their ballots as if they had been accustomed to
democratic election all their lives. But immediately after the elec-
tion followed the contrast to the American interest in government.
All public meetings ceased and the business of state was turned over
without further thought to the national convention. They had not
yet learned to check up the actions of their representative.
The most persistent difficulty came about in the enforcement of
sanitary regulations. When the American troops came into their
area of occupation they found the refuse which had accumulated
during the four years of war. Fences had fallen down, every yard
had its trash piles and the streets were strewn with the litter of many
days of traffic. And since the population of the town combined
170 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
with that of the country, the problem was one of rural as well as
urban sanitation. Every farmer carefully conserved the manure of
his barnyard on the parking. If the civilians cared for the appear-
ance and sanitary conditions of their towns they were inclined to
let them take care of themselves while the country was occupied.
Colonel Reeves placed the responsibility for sanitation upon the
town majors. Town majors notified civilians through proclama-
tions issued by the burger me ister. Individuals were given so many
hours to clean up about their premises. In most cases, men, women
and children turned out with brooms and shovels. Occasionally a
civilian would disregard the warning; he was promptly brought up
before the provost marshal, and unless satisfactory reason could be
given for his failure to comply, a fine was added to the intensified
requirements. Within a few days manure piles were covered witb
branches of cedar and with the coming of spring all were hauled at
least a thousand meters outside the town. Trash piles and tin cans
were unknown; fences were repaired and streets kept clean and or-
derly. The regulations were rigid but at the same time they con-
cerned the welfare of the civilians as well as soldiers. Before the
end of the occupation period, towns in the area of the 353rd Infantry
had begun to take pride in their appearance, and sanitation became
a matter of rivalry.
The enforcement of the various regulations brought the Ameri-
cans into control of every phase of German life, private as well as
public. The town major advised with the burgermeister on all mat-
ters relating to the civilian population, but when more rooms were
needed, the town major went through the houses and made what he
considered a fair allotment of space. If there was any doubt whether
The 353rd Infantry Area and Relations With Its People 171
the owner of a cafe was selling "schnapps" the town major or in-
telligence officer investigated his stock. Extra guards reminded the
people of their duty when the band played "to the colors" or the
Star Spangled Banner. These were conditions of occupation; they
must be enforced. The Americans continually wondered how the
people could submit to an Army of Occupation.
"The only way we could do it in America/* concluded Pri-
vate Allen, "would be to give the occupying forces part of our
country and let us move out, and even then they would have to
take our pocket knives away from us as well as our fire arms."
The Americans were lenient in their dealing. The difficulties
lay in the situations and conditions of the problems to be solved.
Credit is due to the local officials for their appreciation of the
duty of occupying forces. The Landrat, Dr. Bergraef and his bur-
germeisters, especially Herr Scheer of Prum, accepted the fortunes
of war and co-operated with the Americans in every way possible to
make the best of a bad situation. Those who gave the Americans
trouble were usually the ones who had slacked duty with their own
people. "He did his duty in the war," was favorable testimony in
behalf of an accused. Slackers even among the enemy found no
sympathy with the Americans.
The civilian population and local officials came to have a great
confidence in the square deal of the Americans in the area of the
353rd Infantry. From the first, the policy of the regiment was to
give as well as to demand strict justice. When the notary of Wax-
weiler refused to salute the American flag, he was promptly arrested
and fined 1000 marks; when the railroad employees within the area
refused to work on the railroads they were considered unemployed
and set to work on the public highway. At the same time when an
American soldier fraudulently extracted a fine from a German shop-
keeper, the American was punished. Not a single act of violence oc-
curred throughout the entire occupation of the 353rd Infantry; and
when the regiment left for home on May 6, 1919, after almost five
months of duty in their country, civilians and officials were present
at the train to express their satisfaction with the treatment that they
had received.
CHAPTER XXVII.
Service in the Army of Occupation
General Pershing said in his message of commendation to the sol-
diers of the American Expeditionary Forces immediately following
the armistice:
"Our armies, hurriedly raised and hastily trained, met a
veteran enemy, and by courage, discipline and skill always de-
feated him. Without complaint you have endured incessant
toil, privation and danger. You have seen many of your com-
rades make the supreme sacrifice that freedom may live.
There remains now a harder task which will test your sol-
dierly qualities to the utmost . Every natural tendency may urge
towards relaxation in discipline, in conduct, in appearance, in
everything that marks the soldier. Yet you will remember that
each officer and each soldier is the representative in Europe of
his people and that his brilliant deeds of yesterday permit no
action of today to pass unnoticed by friend or by foe. You will
meet this test as gallantly as you have met the tests of the battle-
field. Sustained by your high ideals and inspired by the heroic
part you have played you will carry back to our people the
proud consciousness of a new Americanism born of sacrifice."
This message was filled with prophetic significance to the men
in the Army of Occupation.
Since entering the service months before, officers and enlisted
men of the 353rd Infantry had "carried on" under the feverishness of
war-time activity. Peaceful pursuit of civilian life had suddenly
given way to double time and vicious thrusts at imaginary enemy in
training. The long journey overseas with its ever changing scenes
was full of excitement. All of this experience culminated in the most
strenuous climax of campaign days.
At the signing of the armistice, the war machine was suddenly
thrown in to the reverse. The men found it impossible to exercise
the same control over their nervous system. Moreover, victory had
taken motive out of all military activity. The full effect of the change
appeared when the men attempted to settle down to duty in the area
of occupation. Neither the intensity of effort and training, the
weariness of travel, nor the hardship and danger of campaigns
proved so trying as the service in the early days of German occupa-
tion. Morale took a slump, exposure to weather had put the equip-
ment in bad condition and shortage of transportation limited new
supplies. Officers and enlisted men felt the situation keenly but
seemed helpless for the time to find the remedy.
Authorities proceeded upon the theory that in order for soldiers
to be happy it was necessary for them to be busy, so in the early
day of occupation, drill, inspection, practice marches, and maneu-
Service in the Army of Occupation 173
vers look up the main part of the time. As interest failed in these
activities, entertainments, leaves and schools were introduced to
bring variety into the life and enable the officers and men to read-
just to the new conditions
Training bulletin No. 1, January 1, 1919, Headquarters, 89th
Division announced the Division Plan for a period of four weeks be-
ginning January 6. Paragraph 4 specified, "Minimum of five hours
a day for five days each week. Saturday mornings wi!l be used for
regular field inspection of all equipment and quarters." Under para-
graph 24 provision was made for the establishment of schools for
This Buddie Sleeps in Prum, Germany
officers and non-commissioned officers also post schools for men
who had not had the opportunity of schooling at home.
Programs and schedules were required just as in the periods of
intensive training. The day began at 7:50 a. m., with assembly of
officers and non-commissioned officers for instruction as to the
day's work and continued with the school of the soldier through
the Infantry Drill Regulations.
Training dragged; the men had been over this instruction and
through the drill so many times that the whole performance was now
mechanical. It was not unusual for a soldier to execute the wrong
movement in the manual of arms without being aware of his action
until it was called to his attention. Practice marches had little
more interest than a tread mill. The attitude toward other forms
of duty was quite different; for example, men preferred long hours
of walking post on railroad guard or watching about the huge muni-
174 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
tions plant or even patroling the border to shorter hours on the drill
ground. The national army soldier had been working along direct
lines of achievement in civilian life; he could not endure busy-work
or even simulation of real work.
This condition was very apparent to inspectors who appeared
on the drill ground for a few moments to pass judgment and then go
on their way to new scenes. Correction was demanded. The Regi-
mental Schedule for the last week in January contained this in-
struction: "Every effort must be made to correct listlessness and
apathy. It is of decisive importance that all instructors improve
their forcefulness in giving commands. Enthusiasm of the highest
degree is a prime requisite. Precision and snap must be insisted
upon and the minutest errors must be corrected." But the combined
forcefullness and enthusiasm of instructors failed to produce the
required "precision and snap" in performance.
Careful rating was originated to develop competition between
the battalions and among the companies. One thousand points made
up the list with ten topics considered. The rewards for first, sec-
ond and third place was an inlay in the Divisional insignia. This
plan brought increased interest at the end of each month; while the
inspections were being made, the men rolled packs to within a frac-
tion of the required seventy centimeters length. They no longer
put "dubbin" on their shoes but gave them the gloss of German pol-
ish. Tin hats shone with new coats of oil. Competition was real,
and Colonel Reeves and his staff found it difficult to name the win-
Service in the Army of Occupation 175
ning organizations. But when the winners had been announced in-
terest again dropped below normal.
In March, Training Bulletin No. 46, 89th Division came out in
answer to this question: "Why should we drill?" The final para-
graph summarized the answer in these words :
"The "89th" drills, then, because it is the "89th," and be-
cause the "89th" sees things through. The additional effort
required to finish the task will soon be forgotten but the pride
of each man in the thought that he "carried on" to the end will
remain with him a life-time."
Results continued unsatisfactory and new means were sought.
All officers and non-commissioned officers below the grade of lieu-
tenant-colonel were required to pass examination in Infantry Drill
Regulations. Seventy per cent was the proficiency mark. Officers
and non-commissioned officers set to work on their Infantry Drill
Regulations as if they were cramming up for a school examination.
But when the time came for examinations, as many as could make
arrangement found excuses to be absent and only a small percentage
of those who were present passed. A new date was set for the ex-
aminations a month later. When everybody was present and the
majority passed the efficiency mark.
However, the problem had not yet been solved. There has al-
ways been a saying in the service, "As are the officers so are the
men," and now the officers were to come up for special instruction.
General Orders No. 33 followed on April 6, 1919.
HEADQUARTERS 89TH DIVISION
Germany
6 April, 1919.
GENERAL ORDERS NO. 33.
CORRECTED COPY
(Destroy copies previously received)
1. In addition to existing requirements governing training
and schools, all Infantry officers will receive practical instruc-
tion for one half hour, between 7:00 and 8:00 a. m., daily, ex-
cept Sunday, in the Infantry Drill Regulations. The special
instruction will be given by, or under the immediate supervision
of regimental and battalion commanders. The officers will be
formed in detachments and required to drill, going through the
various close and extended order evolutions, each in turn giving
the commands and explaining the movements, and all in ranks
taking the positions that they would take were the troops pre-
sent. Particular attention will be given to the correct explana-
tion of movements and to the proper method of giving com-
mands.
176 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
m
2. No leave or other special favor will be granted officers
until they are proficient in the Infantry Drill Regulations as
demonstrated by written examination and practical application
at drill. The Regimental commander will state by indorsement
over his own signature, on the retained copy of each leave order,
that— "This officer (Rank), (Name),
(Organization), is proficient in the Infantry Drill
Regulations." (Name), (Rank),
(Organization) .
Commanding Regiment.
By Command of Major-General Winn.
John C. H. Lee,
Colonel, General Staff, Chief of Staff.
Official : Burton A. Smead, Major of Infantry, Adjutant.
Distribution: Down to include companies.
But the same reaction was common to all alike. Officers as
well as enlisted men were stale and no amount of pressure could re-
vive the interest and enthusiasm of preparatory days.
Difficulty, however, w T as largely with drill-ground activities.
On the range officers and enlisted men went in for marksmanship
with the enthusiasm of sportsmen. 1495 of the 2500 men qualified in
the course; fifty were expert riflemen. "B" Company led with
seven expert riflemen, nineteen sharp-shooters and one hundred two
marksmen. The work on the range had been hastily constructed
and the ground was muddy, but the men thought nothing of taking
a prone position and painfully trying for high records. But this
range work was sport rather than military drill.
Again, when the Regiment was to appear in the Divisional re-
view before General Pershing, work immediately took on new life.
The competition of inspection disappeared; each battalion did its
best for itself and other battalions to make a good showing for the
Regiment. The men pressed their clothing and there was consider-
able argument about different shades of paint on the helmets even
to the blue in the Divisional insignia. Officers studied the copious
instructions with the greatest care and arrived at common under-
standing of the terms in frequent conferences. The following un-
usual message from the Divisional Commander shows the result:
PHONED MESSAGE
From: C. G. 89th Division.
To: C. O. 353rd Infantry.
No. 47 C. G. The Division Commander wishes to convey to
all officers and men his deep appreciation of the hard work
and fine spirit which were strikingly in evidence to-day.
Service in the Army of Occupation 111
The splendid appearance of the men and excellent conditions
of equipment and transportation fully measured up to the stan-
dard desired. The Commander-in-Chief had told you that the
Division, while in the line, was unexcelled by any. It must be a
source of pride and satisfaction to all as it is to me to give him
a final review worthy of the occasion.
Winn.
Hq. 353rd Infantry, American E. F., April 24th, 1919, To
Bn. & Separate Organization Commanders.
Forwarded.
1. For your information.
By Order of Colonel Reeves:"
Meanwhile an intensive recreation policy was put into operation.
Fortunately, Prum had a good theater; and buildings were adapted
for entertainment purposes in other towns. An investigation brought
to light quite a bit of theatrical equipment which the Germans had
been holding out and a regular costume dealer was glad for a chance
to put his wares on the market once more. Room and equipment
were now both available and entertainments multiplied with time.
Each separate organization formed a regular troupe. Lieutenant
Downing was in charge of the regimental troupe. He had had exper-
ience in entertainment work in civilian life. And, as in every other
case, the right men were found within the regiment to take over
the important work of the entertainment. Regimental and division-
al entertainment officers co-operated in booking programs. In ad-
dition to soldier troops, the Y. M. A. C. entertainers helped to bring
cheer in to the garrison. Many of these people were thus doing
their "bit" in the war. They had left their positions at home and
come with an appreciation of the soldier's need. These entertain-
ments included valuable lecturers. Men like Dr. Stevenson of Prince-
ton Theological Seminary brought a message of the importance of
the work in the Army of Occupation and helpful suggestions along
the lines of future progress. Others acquainted the men with the
new conditions which they would have to meet in the homeland.
A lecture course was organized to familiarize the men with the his-
tory of the 89th Division.
Effort was made, also, to provide opportunity for self-improve-
ment. Each town had a reading room and a small canteen. What-
ever the form of entertainment an enthusiastic crowd of doughboys
packed the house to capacity, and almost before they were aware
new stories had rested their minds from infantry drill regulations
and the morale had begun to improve.
Announcement of the army educational policy met with enthus-
iastic response on the part of both officers and enlisted men. Many
applications for the scholarships in the French and British Univer-
sities were received. The purpose in the minds of most of those
who applied was in line with the intention of the arrangement; men
were anxious to get a thorough understanding of the allied countries.
However, high standards of qualification shut out many from the ad-
178 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
vantages of the foreign universities. Two representatives from the
Regiment were sent to British Universities and nine to French Uni-
versities. Captain Bond who was at Cambridge submitted his opin-
ion in the following terms :
"I have profound respect for Cambridge, and increasingly
greater respect for our own American institutions. Life is per-
haps a little more calm and rational here than in America but it
is also proportionately. However, expenses are high, I pay two
pounds a week for breakfast and a place to sleep. Englishmen
seem to be very anxious to cultivate what they call friendly re-
lations. Our welcome has been splendid. I am glad to have
had the opportunity of study here."
Sergeant Herbert R. Laslett who was at Montepelier, France sum-
med up the benefits of the course in a letter.
"There are several hundred men from various branches of
the A. E. F. here in the University. Every state in the Union
except Arizona, Vermont, and New Hampshire is represented.
Officers and enlisted men attend the same classes. Though
some of them pronounce "army," "ahmy" and "idea," "idear"
they are all Americans and becoming more so by reason of this
contact with one another in this foreign environment. The
courses are rather superficial but we are gaining ideas of the
French and their intensely interesting history.'
19
Enthusiasm was equally as strong for the A. E. F. University as
it was for the foreign universities and the courses were much great-
er in variety. Fifty-one men from the regiment were permitted to
attend. Lieutenant Harrison gives his experience in the following
extract :
"We arrived at Beaune on March 8th. The next morning
they marched us out to Allery, a little town about twenty four
kilometers from Beaune. At this place I was assigned to the
command of a company of students. I am still on duty with
no sign of relief. After about a month of unloading coal, wood,
and quartermasters supplies, they brought us back to Beaune.
The men all felt pretty sore but are gradually getting over it
The school is organized in regular military form. There are
one hundred fifteen men to a company and five officers. These
officers and enlisted men function in regular capacity. This
system throws the bulk of the company work on a few, but all
do fatigue work around the Regimental area and one hour a day
is devoted to such work as building roads and making athletic
fields.
The University offers a great variety of courses. A good
many of the instructors are officers and enlisted men but some
Service in the Army of Occupation 179
are Y. M. C. A. men just over from the States. Many of the
latter gave up profitable positions for this work. The classes
are held in barrack buildings of the usual type.
I am taking a course in Commercial Law, Economics, and
American Government and Politics. The classes are at 8:20,
9:20 and 10:20 each morning; in the afternoon I spend my
time on company administration; at night I study and prepare
the work for the coming day; the rest of the time is all my own!
The men are all in good spirits and consider the A. E. F.
University a success. Little by little the material and equipment
is coming in and the next term should find the school in good
shape."
Three Divisions Schools were organized — in agriculture, tech-
nical training and liberal arts. The Liberal Arts College was estab-
lished in the Convent building in Prum. This building had been
used for a preparatory school and was easily adapted for the pur-
pose of a Divisional School. Nearly two hundred enlisted men of
the 353rd Infantry were given the advantage of the Divisional
Schools. Sergeant McKenzie gave this account of the school of
Liberal Arts in Prum:
"During the week of March 8, the students began to arrive in
groups with all their equipment strapped on their husky backs,
for the school is to be their home until they sail for the United
States.
The school day is divided into six periods of fifty minutes
each — three periods in the morning and three in the afternoon.
Students are required to carry at least three studies; the re-
maining three periods are for study in addition to the evening
hours from 6:30 to 8 o'clock. From 4 to 5 p. m. is drill. The
students keep physically fit by strenuous setting up exercise
each morning. Classes are conducted five days only; following
physical drill and inspection Saturday morning the men are
free until the following Monday morning.
The men in the Liberal Arts College receive many benefits
in addition to those derived from study. Each student sleeps
in a bed — a real bed with white sheets and feather pillows —
and these beds are in large airy rooms with white tile floors.
Down in the basement are hot showers and porcelain bath tubs.
Then there is a mess hall, the men have never eaten in such a
place as this since they were issued O. D.; moreover, they eat at
real tables and the food is served on china dishes by regular
waiters. Recreation is not overlooked; the men have a smoking
room where the German billiard table works overtime. Lec-
tures and moving pictures find a place on the entertainment
program. A real American woman makes the "Y" room, with
its pretty curtains, phonograph, and plenty of magazines and
papers, seem like home.
180 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
Never have the doughboys been treated so kindly. And
every man of us is making the most of his opportunity."
Two hundred forty seven men of the 353rd Infantry attended
these schools on foreign soil. The plans were not fully developed
but the men co-operated enthusiastically in the effort toward their
improvement.
Generous leave policies did more perhaps than anything else to
help the men of the 353rd Infantry back to themselves again. The
special leave trains always carried the full Regimental quota to
Coblenz and to various other leave areas in the allied countries.
While the leave policy was generous the qualifications of candidates
were usually high. Orders ran:
"Before leaving each soldier will be inspected to see :
1. That he has leave paper in duplicate (one sheet, to be
separated in Coblenz or Trier).
2. That he is clean and properly dressed.
3. That he carries no arms or ammunition.
4. That he is instructed in the rules prohibiting fraterni-
zation with Germans and those prohibiting the purchase of
food from Germans.
5. That his freedom from venereal disease is established by
examination and that he had full knowledge of the prophylactic
regulations.
6. That he is not lousy and that his clothes are free from
vermin.
7. That he has no communicable cold or similar ailment."
Transportation accomodations, however, scarcely measured up
to the standard required of passengers. Cars were crowded; meals
uncertain and there was no end of trouble with the transportation
guards; but the doughboy brushed aside all these minor inconven-
iences and difficulties on leave and forgot that he was a soldier.
When he arrived at his destination he was a guest, interested in
everything about him; when he returned he passed his story on
to his pals and they were more than ready to join the next party.
Leaves, always at a premium, increased in demand throughout the
entire period of the Army of Occupation.
The full significance of these leaves may be read in the com-
ments of the soldiers themselves. Sergeant Scott, of Headquarters
Company, expresses the value of the Coblenz trip in the following
extract :
"Every doughboy in the A. E. F. felt that his foreign service
was incomplete until he had seen the Rhine. He wanted to tell
the folks back home that he had actually crossed the sacred
river of the Germans. Moreover, he had read about the castles
along its banks and the vineyards on its hills. Quite a few
remembered Caesar's bridge and the Lorelei. And, like the
fisher of old, he didn't know just what it all meant but he must
see the Rhine.
Service in the Army of Occupation 181
One day in April a hundred of us from the regiment were
fortunate enough to receive a three-day pass to Coblenz. For a
half day our train followed along the Moselle River. "Moselle"
had a new significance for us now, never before had we seen
such intensive cultivation. Even the steepest hillsides were
covered with well-kept rows of grape vines. While we won-
dered how the keepers made it up to their plats and tried to fig-
ure out how many bottles of wine could be produced from the
millions of vines, the train brought us to Coblenz.
The Coblenz Leave Club directed us to our billets and fur-
nished us with mea.1 tickets. All we had to do was to see the
sights — no reveille and no retreat, the time was all our own!
The first afternoon we spent wandering about the town and
along the Rhine, seeing places of historical interest. While I
looked down into the clear blue water of the Rhine I remem-
bered that just a year had passed since I had joined the army.
It was almost impossible to believe that so many things had
happened in the meantime; seemed to me I had been away at
least ten years.
The next morning at 9 a. m. we took the forty-five kilometer
trip on the Rhine. Our boat was a fine excursion schooner fly-
ing the Stars and Stripes. A "Y" man lectured at intervals and
pointed out places of interest. The weather was fine, we had
abundant opportunity to take pictures. Here it was — all that
we had read about and dreamed about and more. Little vil-
lages with their backgrounds of vineyards clustered along the
water's edge so close together that it was almost impossible to
tell where one left off and the next began. The castles were
built high up on steep cliffs; each had a history of its own and
held itself, even in its ruins, aloft from the present commercial
life below. The Lorelei rocks and riffles were natural, but we
had to hand it to the German poet on his imagination; we
couldn't hear the thing that sounded like "Die Lorelei."
The next morning we climbed up 300 feet to the fort on
Ehrenbreitstein. It is said this fort can house 20,000 troops with
supplies for eight months. An American artillery outfit was in
possession at this time and the American flag was flying from
the mast. In the afternoon we visited the Ex-Kaiser's castle,
"Stolzenfels." Everywhere American soldiers were in charge.
After all, this trip made us feel that it was pretty good to be in
the Army of Occupation."
From the account of Private Moss the men seemed to have had
equally as interesting time in Annecy, France.
"March 8, 1919, I received a pass to the Annecy Leave Area
and was told to report to the regimental infirmary for physical
examination. The following morning 100 of us enlisted men
lined up in front of the regimental headquarters for inspection
182 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
and roll call. Every man was present; we executed "Right
Turn" and headed for the depot. In a few minutes the express
arrived; we piled into the "match boxes," each man made sure
of his own place. In Trier we were checked in by the A. P. M.
at the depot and marched through the town to West Trier where
we were assigned to barracks for the night. Each man had a
cot and six clean blankets; the barracks were well ventilated
and we slept until 5 a. m. the next day.
We were told the Red Cross would be at West Trier station
to give us coffee and sandwiches. The troop train pulled in but
the Red Gross forgot us and we were assigned to sections in the
cars, six men to one compartment — second and third class only.
The train consisted of twenty-eight German coaches. The route
paralleled the Moselle River until we arrived at Metz, where we
halted for thirty minutes. We had heard of this city at the time
of the St. Mihiel offensive and were eager to see the much talked
of forts which were located on large hills around the city. There
were plenty of shell holes and camouflage roads and bridges,
and villages a few kilometers south of Metz. At 4:30 we came
into Neaufchateau where the Red Cross put over a barrage of
sandwiches and coffee, the first we had to eat since the pre-
ceding day. Sleeping in cramped positions all night long made
us anxious to stretch our legs, and at every stop all would get
out and take a run.
Our train pulled into Aix-Les-Bains at 11:45 and at 3:15 we
arrived at Annecy. Annecy is situated thirty kilometers south
of Switzerland and thirty kilometers west of Italy. It is a sum-
mer resort with a very large lake at the foot of the Alps. One
could see the snow-capped peaks with the clouds hanging be-
low them. This was my first view of the mountains and I was
anxious to go on a sight-seeing trip.
We were marched in formation to the infirmary and were
given the "once over" again, checked into the town, given a card
with a name of a hotel on it and told to report at the boat. It
took forty-five minutes to cross the lake.
In Annecy each man got a room to himself with a brass bed-
and clean linen. At 6 p. m. we had a very good meal; every-
thing in the hotel was first class. We did not care to go to town
because we were tired from our long journey of 500 kilometers.
The mountain air was good; we slept with the windows open
and were surprised to wake up the next morning at 9 a. m. Or-
ders were to shave every morning, but we had developed this
custom long ago. There was plenty of hot water and every man
looked his best. The manager announced the meal times — break-
fast at 10 a. m., dinner at 12 noon, and supper at 6 p. m.
Every one took the boat at 1:15 for the city. Most of the
men went straight to the commissary to lay in a supply of choco-
late, cigarettes and cigars. In the Y. M. C. A. hotel were three
Service in the Army of Occupation 183
reading rooms with magazines of every description, a bureau of
information and a large hall where we could get all the hot
chocolate we could drink. I counted fifteen Y. M. C. A. girls
who were there to help the doughboys enjoy themselves. There
was, also, a large hut that had a writing room, games of all kinds
and canteens in the wing; in another wing was a large theater
where a vaudeville show was on every afternoon from 4 until 6
and 8 to 10 p..m. Each day the bill changed. Many took an
eleven-hour trip to Mt. Blanc. The program here was one of
intensive enjoyment.
Our stay in Annecy lasted seven days. These seven days
passed almost before we realized they were gone, but we could
scarcely remember anything about the World War any more.
This was called a "Class A Leave," better known to us as an "H — 1
Leave." Everyone agreed that this was the best seven days he
had seen in Europe; or probably ever would see again."
These accounts were collected at the time with a view toward
helping later contingents to get the most out of their leave. There
were many areas including Brussels, Rome, Paris, London and other
cities in the allied countries. But it became increasingly difficult
to secure statements from those who enjoyed the leaves. As Captain
Delaney remarked to Colonel Reeves, "It spoils a man's leave to
-write all he did while he was gone, especially if he tells the truth."
So the real record of the leaves was registered in the improved
morale of the men.
While leaves, schools, and entertainments tended to bring variety
into activity and increased interest in life, there was a correspond-
ing increase in army paper work. Lights burned brightly at Regi-
mental and Battalion Headquarters and the company orderly rooms
until late every night. Each school announcement called for "a
survey of troops to determine number of applicants for each course."
This information must be in the hands of the division adjutant by a
certain hour of a certain day. So, too, with leaves, companies must
be notified of time and place of examination. Schedules and in-
structions for entertainments covered pages. The climax in paper
-work came with fully fifty pages of instructions for the review in
Trier. Wide dissemination of the regiment increased the problem
for the 353rd Infantry, but in spite of all difficulties company clerks
and adjutants got the information across and "carried on."
Schools and leaves helped men back to normal thinking and
vision, at the same time every means was applied toward physical
restoration. As soon as the 353rd Infantry arrived in the area of
occupation, a delouser was put into operation and kept busy until
the day of departure as an initial effort toward the extermination of
the invincible cooties. Companies were brought up in formation;
each man carried his blanket and extra clothing, and while the
clothing was being disinfected in the delouser the men put in their
time in the bath room. It was a motley bunch of men that returned
184 Regimental History S53rd Infantry
to their billets after this experience. Some of the clothing faded;
some had shrunk, and some increased in size. Overseas caps were
scarcely recognizable in their shapelessness. Surely one experience
was enough for the men, but the cooties survived. The medical de-
tachment continued their warfare by the well-known policy of at-
trition. Whenever later inspection revealed a cootie, both soldier
and cootie were returned to the delouser.
The Delouser
As time went by inspections increased in variety and number.
Company officers made the rounds each night to see that the rooms
were properly ventilated and to check up whether the men were
sleeping head to foot. An officer was present at meal time to check
up the quality of food and make sure that mess kits were properly
washed.
In addition to these preventive measures, positive action con-
tinued along many lines. Dental surgeons worked longer hours now
than ever before. Enforced neglect during campaign days had
caused marked deterioration in the men's teeth. Inspection was
made and record kept in the case of each man. Captain Crawford
alone treated approximately 2400 patients, involving attention to
4200 teeth. When the dental surgeons closed their field equipment,
the men of the 353rd Infantry had the unusual high rating of 80 per
cent efficiency in mastication. (Mess sergeants insisted, however,
efficiency in appetite was never below 100 per cent.)
Service in the Army of Occupation 185
Every effort was made to protect the men against venereal dis-
eases. Literature in great variety came from many sources. Moral
stories, moral suasion and instruction in the use of phophylaxis
mingled with threats of court martial under the 96th article of war,
involving transferral to labor battalions were used. It must be said
to the credit of the men of the 353rd Infantry that they kept them-
selves free from this pernicious evil.
For a time these recurring inspections and persistent regulations
seemed to antagonize the men, but they soon recognized in them
their own welfare. Co-operation followed. And the men who came
out of the campaigns with the lines of hardship and exposure in their
faces, glowed again with health. Only five deaths occurred in the
353rd Infantry during the entire five months of German occupation.
Physical restoration along with change in thinking had succeeded
in making the men over again. On March 21st an investigation of
the morale of the men brought the following reports from battalion
and separate company commanders:
First Battalion — Captain Dahmke, Commanding.
1. a The morale of both officers and enlisted men is generally
good.
b Any instances of low morale are usually due to homesick-
ness.
c Most frequent comment is: "I wouldn't mind staying if
I felt I was accomplishing anything."
2. Recommend extension of educational advantages to men
in battalion. A great many men who are not qualified to
enter divisional schools would welcome an opportunity
for study. Three schools are in progress within the bat-
talion, but the work is hampered by lack of text books.
Second Battalion — Captain Adkins, Commanding.
The morale of the men of this battalion has never been
higher.
The recent announcement from headquarters fixing the
sailing date for the division has made everyone more con-
tented on that score.
Third Battalion — Captain Beaman f Commanding.
Would report that the morale of this battalion is very
good. On a recent twenty-kilometer march the men sang
and joked all the way. This improvement in morale is
due to several causes. Rations have been better balanced
of late. Some new clothing enables the men to make a
better appearance. Recent announcement from head-
quarters fixing the sailing date for the division has made
everyone more contented on that score.
~» •l.iinj-m-.f — L~iraL TeT&'jm It. Hwnter. Commanding.
t*f wt of this company is verv
r «vt»fM4 « ilk Iter mess and billets.
i ^ici w. Ibe l*. S. has cheered them
Siff- f C-:>nyaj — L&xl Get: H. Feris. Commanding.
Tb* >„-*- in-.irtV- </ Ac- troop* of this company noticeable
zz^zjf Itire^ziK; itT^jcy a=d February was doe to the
KKertmty </ tiit-3- siiy ia Earope. These men arc not
Ktixn Sj pr^es»:e: tbey bite families and vocations
ia wi;-_i zzx-j are aaxkms to return. The official an-
t-'jk r.-rtrrt-rt of a sailing dale has brought a great deal of
satiifactiui to tbe sea.
Mvehzne Gun Cimp^.j—Lirsl. »:".'." itun J. Lee, Commanding.
1. The r.-.r-ilc </ the mi in this orga citation is very high
at present. The addition of a recreation room, athletic
ro~p*!.::on a-d fretment entertainments seem to account
lanw> for the improTcmenL Most of the remarks of the
men off duty appear to be about what they expect to do
at booe.
2. Recommend increase in athletic equipment and larger and
it ore varied supply of books and magazines.
Dkcohatino tiir 353rd Inpantry Colors With Croix dk Guerre
Prum, German v
General Winn Standing to Left
Service in the Army of Occupation 187
The time for return to the homeland was only a few weeks away.
Every day the morale improved. It was evident now that the 353rd
Infantry would finish strong. Announcement of the month of sail-
ing brought satisfaction; the announcement of May 7, 1919, as the
day of entrainment was an occasion for celebration.
The decoration of the 353rd Infantry by the French government
came on Sunday, May 4th, as a fitting close to the service of the regi-
ment on foreign soil. Practically all of the men were back with their
companies. Trucks brought the Second and Third Battalions from
Waxweiler and Neuerberg and the Regiment was concentrated for
the first time in many months in Prum. In the name of General
Passaga, Commander of the 32nd French Army Corps, Commandant
De Mange of the French general staff with Maj.-Gen. Frank L. Winn,
the divisional commander presented the Croix de Guerre to the col-
ors of the 353rd Infantry. This award was for service in the St.
Mihiel sector but there was no less of pride in the fact that the regi-
ment had come back and "carried on" throughout the period of
German occupation.
CHAPTER XXVIII.
Return and Demobilization
This was lo be the final move of (he 353rd Infantry. In the pre-
ceding changes of position there was some possibility of return; at
any rate, another move would be sure to follow. But when the regi-
ment left the area of occupation in Germany, demobilization was to
follow and service ended not merely in the Army of Occupation but
Good Ship Leviathan
in the Army of the United States. So this move involved not merely
a change of position but a return to civilian life.
Even a change of position means a busy time but never before
had the officers and enlisted men of the 353rd Infantry experienced
such a rush as during the final days in the Army of Occupation. The
regiment must be ready on schedule time, and woe to the man who
would look back once the movement was begun. Ready to move
meant that the men were personally inspected, thoroughly equipped
and properly recorded; that all surplus property had been turned in;
Return and Demobilization 189
that the billets had been set in order and the towns policed; that all
accounts had been closed; that provision had been made for the
trip. All these things must be done to the satisfaction of G. H. Q.
inspectors. These gentlemen must approve the past and present and
place their guarantee upon provisions for the future. Any slip-up
might cause the division to lose out on the sailing date, so each man
accepted full responsibility for his bunkie and all agreed to see that
the 353rd Infantry was ready to move on time.
The first instructions read:
"An intensive campaign should be started at once to com-
pletely delouse the organization, for the final physical inspection
will be made at three-day intervals and men infected, including
contacts (bunkies), will be deloused."
The medical detachment had waged unceasing warfare against
the cootie for many weeks and so far as humanly possible to de-
termine they had succeeded, but the inspectors appeared with mag-
nifying glasses. By the aid of these instruments a few were still
found. The discovery resulted in the transferral of some valuable
medical officers at the last moment and a renewed attack on the
cooties until not one could be found, even with double E field
glasses.
Personal inspection went on to hair-cuts. One inch was the
maximum length. Quite a few of the men had carefully clipped
their locks to civilian proportions. They had hoped that only a
civilian suit would be necessary to reinstate them completely in civ-
ilian life, but according to this regulation they would have to out-
grow a military hair-cut. No one cared to take any chances at the
port of embarkation over such a trivial thing as a hair-cut, so they
reluctantly went back to the barber for a "hair-cut" instead of a
"trim."
The final inspection and the one upon whose findings depended
the passport for each individual was the venereal inspection. A
man might be deloused or have his hair cut at the last moment, but
if he was found to be venereally infected, he must bid his comrades
farewell and remain on foreign soil.
No less searching was the investigation of equipment. Orders
called for, "An actual physical check by officers under the super-
vision of divisional inspectors of each article of clothing and equip-
ment in the possession of every man of the enlisted personnel."
Shortage lists were compiled so that equipment might be completed
at the port of embarkation. The painful part about this check on
equipment came in connection with souvenirs. Orders had appeared
repeatedly since the days of the St. Mihiel offensive demanding
signed statements that all enemy property had been turned in. But
some of the men still retained precious keepsakes of the campaigns —
a Luger, a pair of field glasses or perhaps a sword. They had carried
these on the long march and hoped to show them as they told their
190 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
story to the home folks. Reports had come back of "show down"
inspections at the dock. It was enough to endure the hardship of
war and at this late date no one cared to take chances on a court
martial, so souvenirs went with the surplus.
These matters concerned the men as individuals; there were re-
quirements equally exacting for the organization as a whole. On
April 23, Lieut. H. F. (Light) Browne issued the following memo-
randum to supply sergeants:
"The Regimental Supply Company must turn in all surplus
Q. M. property of this regiment in Bitburg at nine o'clock on
April 26. In order to do this, surplus property now held in com-
panies must reach the Supply Company by noon April 25. Ord-
nance must be ready by noon April 26. This schedule has been
set by the division and we must comply with it. Do not stop
until you have turned in all your property, even though it is
necessary to work all Thursday night.
"Attention is called to a change in the list of property to be
retained. Only one pair of shoes will be kept by each soldier
instead of two pairs. Shoes turned in should be tied together."
The special precaution about tying shoes together is slightly in-
dicative of the value set on time during these days. Animals must
be turned in at Trier and Wengeroth on May 1st and 2nd. This in-
creased the problem of collecting material and distributing rations
but the Supply Company of the 353rd Infantry was on hand at the
appointed hour.
With the surplus property out of the way, policing billets and
towns became a simple matter. The men carefully rolled their packs
so as to make sure of their possessions and carried them to the street.
When they returned they had nothing to do but "make a cleanin'"
and they did it with a vengeance. Another skirmish through the
streets completed the police to the satisfaction of the inspectors.
It remained now to square accounts with the civilian population.
Proclamations had been posted notifying them to turn in all claims
for damage. Officers were required to pay for messes and kitchen.
Final settlements were largely in the hands of the town majors.
These town majors must have clearance receipts from the burger-
meister within their area. All claims must be settled before leaving
the posts. When the train pulled in every man, town majors and all,
were waiting to go aboard.
The first trains were made up of forty cars (hommes-chevaux
type), one coach for officers together with two of the former type,
sleeping cars for officers, one kitchen car and two baggage cars.
Each train carried approximately nine hundred men and fifty of-
ficers. The first train left on the evening of May 6th; the second
followed early in the morning of May 7th, and the last train with
Regimental Headquarters, Headquarters Company, Companies "A"
and "B" and some artillery troops at 8:07 p. m. May 7th.
Return and Demobilization
"Come and Git It"
Everybody was glad to go and good feelings spread to those who
were left behind. Mother Fitzgerald and Miss Heermance had gone
to Brest several days earlier to arrange for a "¥," Miss McCrossen
and Miss Roth, Red Cross workers, and the nurses from the evacua-
tion hospital distributed handkerchiefs, toilet bags, and doughnuts
by the ambulance load. During the occupation period the personnel
of the evacuation hospital and the personnel of the 353rd Infantry
had become fast friends. For a time there was some misunderstand-
ing about the regulations forbidding nurses to associate 'with enlisted
men, but this came to be understood as other army regulations for
which those immediately concerned were not responsible and mu-
tual appreciation grew with acquaintance. Even the civilian popu-
lation was on hand, though they were prevented from expressing
their good wishes they looked them at a distance. The Americans
had taken their beds, they had forced them to sweep streets; they
had made them pay respect to the national hymn; but experience had
taught them confidence in the American sense of justice and good
will. Enemies as well as friends waved good-bye until the train
rounded the hill.
Train orders were rigid. A non-commissioned officer was in
charge of each car and sentinels were detailed to maintain order.
The Troop Movement Officer reported: "Two men have each lost
a leg, one man his life and the Paris Express has been derailed
through failure to comply with orders." Officers as well as enlisted
men were determined that no accident should occur on this final
trip to the port of embarkation. Car doors toward the opposite
192 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
track were kept closed. Men left and returned to the cars at the
bugler's call. Each train of the 353rd Infantry came into Brest with-
out a casualty.
Information was vague as to the route and schedule but the
various station masters had orders along the way and kept the train
moving which was enough to satisfy the men. Chaplain O'Niell,
who had already become famous for his ability in "making arrange-
ments" for supplies with various auxiliary organizations, had lined
up a double portion of doughnuts at Trier. It was a rough and
tumble ride to Conflans where breakfast was served the next morn-
ing. But the outfit was on the road home and any sort of "goin"'
was good.
Spring was in full sway throughout the rest of the journey. Trees
were in bloom and peasants were working their fields. The route
led through Etain to Verdun — practically the line of German ad-
vance into France. The train halted on the heights at the outskirts
of the city for dinner. The loose chalky hill side mingled with rock
and cut through trenches seemed to indicate the work of an internal
upheaval rather than the destruction of artillery from the surface.
Here and there a wretched stubby tree with only an occasional branch
told the violence of shell splinters that lay everywhere. Down with-
in the city one group of German prisoners was clearing away wreck-
age and another was shaping up the graves in a French cemetery.
Men and nature combined to restore the devastation of war.
Settin* Up Exercises on the Way From Prum to Brest
Return and Demobilization 193
When the train pulled on through and crossed the Meuse, the
men looked back at the defenses of the irreducible salient. Hills to
the front and on either flank protected the low plain to the rear.
Everywhere within this area were openings to underground shelters
and along the way were still the signs of shelling that had all but
cut off the approaches to the city. It was clear that the real de-
fenses of Verdun were not hills and forts but the unconquerable men
who had said, "They shall not pass."
The route continued down the Meuse through wire entangle-
ments and strips of No Man's Land to St. Mihiel. Barges were rot-
ting in the sluggish canal that paralleled the railroad. Both railroad
and canal had been cut by the Germans from the earliest days of the
war until the reduction of the St. Mihiel salient on September 12,
1918. St. Mihiel was peculiarly interesting to the men of the 353rd
Infantry, for the name itself reminded them of their first time over
the top. Life seemed to be ebbing back into the ruined city. Some
homes showed signs of recent repair and one could scent the fresh
dug soil of gardens. But the creak of the train and the resounding
voices of the soldiers in the stillness of the evening still brought
feelings of desolation.
It was still light when the train pulled into Commercy. Battle-
fields were passed. Here all was activity and industry. Seven
months before the 353rd Infantry had moved through this city for a
part in the Mouse Argonne offensive. The men talked over the wild
night ride from Jouy to Becicourt and the experiences that followed.
Always they reached the same conclusion: "The greatest exper-
194 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
ience of a life, I wouldn't have missed it for a million but I wouldn't
go through it again for a billion."
Steadily the train rolled on through Florentine, Auxerre, Cosnes,
and Bourges toward Brest. The country here showed few signs of
war. Many fields were already planted and others were being culti-
vated. Surely France would soon recover from the war. And then
came the reality — worse than ruined fields was the loss of the na-
tion's man-power. Everywhere women held the plow or drove the
team. But the scenes before them suggested more to the Americans
than the mere possibilities of economic restoration. They forgot
fields and harvest, towns and industries in their sympathy for those
who remembered loved ones, "Morts pour la France." They, too,
were leaving comrades behind and must try to carry a message of
consolation to neighbors back home.
The next stop was Gievres, the baggage depot of the A. E. F.
Cities were now coming to be of interest because of the part they
played in American activities. At St. Aignan was the last of the
great replacement camps. Here were the insignia of all divisions.
Civilian tradesmen crowded along the train at every stop. They had
come to take advantage of soldier's appetite and American's gener-
osity. Oranges sold seven for five francs, but the doughboy must
have the oranges even though he felt that he was being held up by
his ally. As the train pulled into Brittany, peasants lined the trains
and called out "cegarette," "choclat." Whether they received gifts
or a dash of water they answered "Mercie" and waved farewell.
At about noon on May 11th the last train reached Brest and the
entire regiment was again assembled at Camp Pontanezen, about five
kilometers out of the city. Ships were already in the harbor, so
without delay preparations began for embarkation.
Camp Pontanezen appealed strongly to the men of the 353rd In-
fantry. Activities here were on a big scale and distinctively Ameri-
can in spirit and function. Here were 1100 buildings and 6000
floored tents with a capacity of 20,000 permanent and 60,000 tran-
sient troops. Each soldier was provided with a bed and a mattress
and as many blankets as he wanted. Twelve troop kitchens were in
operation, each capable of feeding 8500 men in an hour. The bath-
ing plant accommodated 2500 men per hour. From a small camp for
10,000 soldiers in December, 1917, it had grown under the stress of
necessity to the largest camp in the world.
Everything was done on a grand scale; battalions lined up for
physical inspection and delousing. The men laid out, checked up,
and rolled equipment "by the numbers" — ten minutes to the com-
pany. Records and company funds went through a similar schedule.
Lieutenant Scanlon gathered up thousands of loose francs in the
regiment and converted them into brand new American money. Al-
most before the men could realize what had happened in this big
busy camp, orders came at noon on May 12th to go aboard the fol-
lowing morning.
Return and Demobilization 195
By noon of May 13th, the 2533 enlisted men and 135 officers of
the 353rd Infantry were aboard U. S. S. Leviathan, the biggest ship
afloat. They were the first troops aboard. Colonel Reeves was
promptly appointed, and remained throughout the entire voyage,
Troop Commander. Many things had to be done at once. Guard
must be posted; mess must be arranged and police must be begun im-
mediately. But officers and men were accustomed to dealing with
new situations. Major Masseck was made ship's chief of staff; Capt.
C. S. Turner, the ship's adjutant; Lieutenant-Colonel Peatross was
placed in charge of the guard; Captain Dienst, police officer; Cap-
tain Keim, mess officer; Captain Hades took over the information
bureau, and Lieutenant Underbill became the Army-Navy liaison
officer. Each with his book of instructions began to "carry on."
All went well until the "chow" line started. Through error or ef-
forts for "seconds" it had gotten into an endless chain until a dough-
boy said to Captain Keim, "Will you tell me, sir, how to get out of
this line? I have been around four times already and I can't go any
more."
In the evening of May 13th, the 356th Infantry came aboard.
Troops of the 33rd Division and other organizations, together with
casuals, followed, and at 8 p. in., May 14, 1919, the return voyage be-
gan with a grand total of 12,000 troops on board.
The sea was quiet and everybody felt safe and content. Just a
year before the 353rd Infantry had set sail from Hoboken. At that
time hostile submarines were active along the American coast. The
regiment was moving toward the western front for action. Now the
ocean was clear of submarines and the men were looking forward
to peaceful pursuits in the homeland. To the satisfaction of a task
well done, were added all the comforts of life on this big ship, the
Vaterland, that had been the pride of Imperial Germany. Moreover,
it was with genuine pride and gratitude that officers and men read
this final overseas order:
G. H. Q. AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES
France, Feb. 28, 1919.
GENERAL ORDERS NO. 38-A.
My Fellow Soldiers:
Now that your service with the American Expeditionary
Forces is about to terminate, I can not let you go without a per-
sonal word. At the call to arms, the patriotic young manhood of
America eagerly responded and became the formidable army
whose decisive victories testify to its efficiency and its valor.
With the support of the nation firmly united to defend the cause
of liberty, our army has executed the will of the people with
resolute purpose. Our democracy has been tested, and the forces
of autocracy have been defeated. To the glory of the citizen-
soldier, our troops have faithfully fulfilled their trust, and in a
succession of brilliant offensives have overcome the menace to
our civilization.
196 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
As an individual, your part in the world war has been an
important one in the sum total of our achievements. Whether
keeping lonely vigil in the trenches, or gallantly storming the
enemy's stronghold; whether enduring monotonous drudgery at
the rear, or sustaining the fighting line at the front, each has
bravely and efficiently played his part. By willing sacrifice of
personal rights; by cheerful endurance of hardship and priva-
tion; by vigor, strength and indomitable will, made effective by
thorough organization and cordial co-operation, you inspired the
war-worn allies with new life and turned the tide of threatened
defeat into overwhelming victory.
With a consecrated devotion to duty and a will to conquer,
you have loyally served your country. By your exemplary con-
duct a standard has been established and maintained never be-
fore attained by any army. With mind and body as clean and
strong as the decisive blows you delivered against the foe, you
are soon to return to the pursuits of peace. In leaving the scenes
of your victories, may I ask that you carry home your high ideals
and continue to live as you have served — an honor to the princi-
ples for w T hich you have fought and to the fallen comrades you
leave behind.
It is with pride in our success that I extend my sincere
thanks for your splendid service to the army and to the nation.
Faithfully,
John J. Pershing, Commander-in-Chief.
Official : Robert C. Davis, Adjutant-General.
The voyage itself was uneventful. Except for guard duty, police,
and abandon ship drill, the men had little to do but read and play
games and think it all over. The presence of some 1400 wounded
and disabled soldiers aboard reminded everyone, in spite of effort
to forget, of the whole grim business in which he had been engaged.
The sympathy of buddies went out to these men for whom the war
would never end. And then, too, the joy of return was tempered by
the thought of separation. Never before was it so apparent that
these returning veterans who had left their homes as boys were now-
returning as men.
The days went speedily by. Information from the naval auth-
orities assured schedule progress. In accordance with instructions,
reports had been submitted, "showing the number of officers and
men destined for each camp or cantonment, destination given in each
case to be the camp or camp unit nearest the place to which indi-
viduals are entitled to travel pay * * * * These lists
to be used as a basis of separation of the unit upon arrival in United
States."
It seemed probable, therefore, that the voyage would conclude
the existence of the 353rd Infantry as a military unit. In anticipation
of this event Colonel Reeves issued his final order aboard ship :
Return and Demobilization 197
HEADQUARTERS 353RD INFANTRY
U. S. S. Leviathan
May 22, 1919.
GENERAL ORDERS NO. 11.
The 353rd Infantry lands in America today after an absence
of one year, less twelve days. The mission of the regiment in
the World War has been accomplished. Demobilization will be-
gin at once, each man going to the camp nearest his home.
In taking farewell of the regiment the Regimental Commander
finds it impossible to express the joy and pride that have been
his in being so fortunate as to be the commanding officer of such
an organization, and much less is he able to express his profound
gratitude and appreciation of the loyalty, faithfulness and co-
operation on the part of officers and men, without which noth-
ing could have been done.
The regiment is less than two years old. It was organized Sep-
tember 5, 1917, and left the United States for France, June 4,
1918. The life of the regiment has been essentially one of ac-
tivity. There have been no periods of unnecessary waiting in
training camps nor of labor in rear areas. It has been from
first to last a clean-cut fighting unit, organized, trained and
equipped for that purpose, and right well has it fulfilled its
mission. No words of the Regimental Commander can add to
that reputation. The record of its deeds is written in the im-
perishable history of the country. It is a record that every man
may well be proud of and proud to transmit to posterity.
We were of that great mass of "doughboys" whose fame is
immortal as the one part of the army that functioned at any and
all times, gave no excuses and made no explanations. Constant
accomplishment was their part.
The regiment has been especially characterized by a spirit of
comradeship that has made possible our achievements. The
Regimental Commander points to this with more pride than to
any other attainment, great as the others have been.
Vain-glorious boastings and invidious comparisons are alike —
harmful and inconsistent with the spirit of the regiment. The
Regimental Commander begs each and every one to avoid all
such.
As a final word the Regimental Commander wishes every one
happiness and success for the future and is confident that they
will attain them if there be carried to civil life that noble spirit
of self-sacrificing assistance which has always been exhibited
in the military service.
(Signed)— James H. Reeves, Colonel,
Commanding.
Official: C. S. Turner, Captain, 353rd Infantry, Adjutant.
Distribution : To every officer and man in the regiment.
198 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
No returning soldiers ever received a finer welcome. Gaily dec-
orated boats loaded with friends and relatives pulled up alongside.
General Wood was there to greet his returning division. Bands and
steam whistles helped to express the joy of the occasion. But almost
to a man the doughboy gazed away, afraid to look into the eyes of
his buddie lest he should reveal something of the emotion that filled
his soul.
CHAPTER XXIX.
The Story of Headquarters Company
Adjustments in the American Army to meet the needs of World
War conditions brought up many difficult problems of organization.
Increase in the personnel and equipment of Infantry Regiments de-
manded larger provision for over-head control. The staff had to be
enlarged to include a greater number of officers and enlisted men
and the infantry had added certain auxiliary weapons to its equip-
ment, which required specially trained personnel. The Stokes
mortar had been adopted from the British Army, and the 37 mm.
gun had come from the French Army where it, too, had proved its
value. It was not possible to have one of these guns with each com-
pany of infantry but one platoon of the regiment with two or three
guns could be specially trained in handling them, and, under direct
orders of the regimental commander, could be used in any part of
the regimental sector at any time. Among the many innovations,
therefore, in the organization of an infantry regiment, that of princi-
pal importance, perhaps, was the creation of a Headquarters Com-
pany. Only the regimental band, a small enlisted staff and mounted
orderly section had heretofore been attached to regimental head-
quarters, but now the Headquarters Company was to be the largest
single company in the regiment and would consist of the following:
MAXIMUM STRENGTH HEADQUARTERS COMPANY
From Tables of Organization of May, 1918.
OFFICERS MEN
Headquarters Staff 2 42
Orderly Section 29
Band 1 49
Signal Platoon 1 76
Bombers and Sappers Platoon 2 48
Pounder Platoon 1 38
Pioneer Platoon 1 54
Total 8 336
The task of organizing this body was doubly difficult because
men had to be trained in both infantry warfare and in the diversi-
fied lines of their specialties. The personnel was chosen from the
entire regiment and assigned to the different platoons on the basis
of special qualifications. Lieut. Thurman E. Keim, who had early
been given command, fearlessly undertook this difficult task.
At first, it was "squads east, west," the same as in the letter com-
panies but all the while officers were carefully studying their spec-
ialties and planning the instruction of their platoons. Lieut. R. A.
Ballweg took command of the Bombers; Lieut. Morton B. Shepard,
200 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
the Pioneers; Lieutenant Biggs, the Intelligence Section; Lieutenant
Benning, the Signal Platoon. Capt. George W. English commanded
the company for a short period, but on receiving his majority was
placed in command of the First Battalion. Lieutenant Keim again
resumed command and was made captain.
On June 24th we arrived at Manois, France, for our final equip-
ment and training before moving up to the front. Each platoon com-
mander now drilled bis men in their own specialty. Captain Keim
with the able assistance of his first sergeant, Lloyd E. Craig, devoted
Headquarters Company Chow Line, Prum, Germany.
most of his time to the big task of equipping the company. The 4th
of August found our regiment occupying its first sector of the
trenches with Regimental Headquarters in the hillside P. C. at Jack-
sonville, half a kilometer north of Manonville, and Headquarters
Company in the old chateau in Manonville.
Now the Headquarters Company, as a company, ceased to exist.
"The greatest of at) is the servant of all," expresses the case of the
company. With the bombers and pounders at the front, the signal
platoon scattered all over the regimental area keeping up communi-
cation, the pioneers doing construction work at the various points in
the sector, and many men detailed as clerks, stenographers, ob-
servers, messengers, sergeants-major, etc., at regimental headquart-
ers and with the three battalions, the company was literally scattered
The Story of Headquarters Company 201
to the four winds. From now on until the signing of the armistice,
the units of the company were to be widely separated in the per-
formance of their duties. For this reason it is necessary to record
their activities individually.
The Adjutant's Office
To be historically correct an account of the Adjutant's Office
should include the statements of four or five diverse departments into
which the Adjutant's Office developed in the course of the American
Army's reorganization. Originally the sole purpose of this office
was to provide the machinery for the supervision, command, and
check of the manifold duties involved in the existence and operation
of an Infantry Regiment.
As the war progressed, special departments to cope with the di-
verse problems became imperative. Consequently, from the Adju-
tant's Office with its increased personnel sprang the Intelligence,
Operation, and Personnel Sections to take care of the duties indi-
cated by their names. It must not be inferred, however, that the
Adjutant's Office through these dispensations became an insignifi-
cant part of the regiment, for the Adjutant's Office retained the first
and last word and was forced to hold itself responsible for the trials
and mistakes of the new-born sections.
When the day for entraining , May 25, 1918, came, the "indispen-
sable" contents of the spacious quarters in Camp Funston were crowd-
ed into a few cubic feet of boxes and shipped for the A. E. F. Cases
and field desks were stuffed to capacity. We were sure then that
this limited supply of material would hamper our operations, but
this was the period of apprenticeship. Later when an order came
to move, the sergeant-major would stick the "indispensable" papers
in his coat pocket, sling his pack, and away would go the Adjutant's
Office. It is freely admitted, however, that this mobility was ac-
quired only after intensive training as well as bitter experience.
"Over There," the Adjutant's Office was the first to experience a
barrage. It was a barrage of shipping lists, service records, memo-
randa, and orders of all descriptions. The ordeal was trying but the
personnel of the Adjutant's Office survived and advanced to com-
parative rest as the regiment neared the line.
In the Toul sector the possibilities of incurring casualties in the
Adjutant's Office was markedly reduced. The entire force was cut
to two persons — Captain Turner, who succeeded Captain Masseck,
and Sergeant-Major Davis. Nevertheless, this personnel must have a
place of business and an immense room in the old Chateau Manon-
ville was reserved for its quarters.
The Adjutant's Office of a regiment is always, in the opinion of
the staff, a target for enemy registration, but orders must be written
and streets policed. The personnel must function in spite of enemy
artillery. It is a fact well worth recording in the annals of the 353rd
202 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
Infantry and well worth the consideration of those critics who de-
clare that the specialty men of Headquarters Company do not get the
necessary training in self-defense, that on several occasions visitors
to this office would have searched in vain in the usual places for the
personnel of the Adjutant's Department. They were under cover of
the furniture and in posture prescribed by the I. D. R., while some
"barrack bag" whistled on to its destination.
The zero hour of September 12th found the Adjutant's Office
safely packed away in a forty-foot dugout in the town of Minorville,
fourteen kilometers from the front lines. Close scrutiny of the in-
structions pertaining to the duties of Regimental Headquarters, the
nerve center and brain of the organization, not only justified this
location but made it a matter of actual requirement. However, we
did not remain there long.
Amid the heavy rain of shells from a watchful enemy, the office
was packed into the Winton and moved to Bouillon ville. With the
reassembly of forces and organization of positions came a flood of
work. When the 353rd Infantry shifted to the westward, the Adju-
tant and his personnel followed on to Beney, Here the staff felt the
true bitterness and danger of the front. Incessant shelling day and
night rendered movement impossible. Residence in a P. C. at the
front can alone give an appreciation of the humor and tragedy of
the situation. Colonels, adjutants, clerks, sergeants, and runners
nervously fishing about for this order and that, clicking away on
Coronas, diving for safety at irregular intervals, operated and co-
operated. The experience was intensive but interesting.
By this time packing up had become a matter of little conse-
quence to the personnel of the Adjutant's Office. When the 353rd
Infantry shifted to the Argonne-Meuse sector, the Adjutant's Office
finally landed in a shell-shocked, riddled, old barn of Ecles Fon-
taine. Captain Turner was now placed in command of Headquarters
Company and Captain Biggs became the new adjutant. In addition
to his other duties, he was in charge of the rear echelon of the regi-
ment and had surveillance of all liaison with the advanced troops.
The salvage which had been collected in Ecles Fontaine was straight-
way dedicated to the comfort of the men in the rear echelon; and
though the song of passing shells kept the mind in a nervous state,
the physical man had some opportunity for rest.
With the armistice on November 11th, the Adjutant's Office again
came into full and proper sway. The personnel marched or rode in
fitting authority to the city of Stenay on the Meuse River. Upon ar-
rival, boxes were pried open and contents poured out in the form of
orders and memoranda upon a weary, waiting regiment.
Then came the long, slow march across Belgium and Luxemburg
into Germany. The Adjutant's Office had learned to spread its wings
at a moment's notice. Captain Biggs was made operations officer
while the regiment was on the march into Germany, and Capt. C. S.
Turner was again detailed as adjutant and remained as such until
the regiment was demobilized. New officers came with lightning
rapidity, so that the enlisted personnel grew facile in the art of
The Story of Headquarters Company 203
adaptation to new adjutants. Moreover, the personnel learned to
occupy the best possible places with the greatest possible expansion,
and the meanest places with the least possible inconvenience. So far
as known, the personnel of the Adjutant's Office suffered no casual-
ties except through "fair wear and tear." But always whatever the
situation, the personnel of the Adjutant's Office found a solution and
"carried on."
Bandmaster Meyers said it himself, "I raised that band from pup-
pies up." And it was true. Mr. Meyers had transferred from the old
Band Men Burying the First Dhad in the St. Mihiel Offensive.
13th Cavalry to 353rd Infantry at its very birth. He chose for mem-
bership in his band the best talent available from the great mass of
civilians that was being formed into this new regiment. Mr. Meyers
belonged to the classic school, having received his musical education
in Europe. A few weeks under his instruction enabled the band to
give Sunday evening concerts in the Kansas Building and on the 9th
of March, 1918, a tour was made of the state of Kansas. Twenty-nine
concerts in twenty-three days on this trip established the reputation
of the 353rd Infantry Band.
While our regiment was in training at Manois, France, the band
was rehearsing and giving evening concerts for the men. On the
13th of July, the First Battalion and our Regimental Band were
204 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
chosen to represent the 89th Division in a parade before General
Pershing at G. H. Q., Chaumont. The A. E. F. Commander was satis-
fied from the showing made that our division was capable of hold-
ing its own in the line. No small credit was due the band for this
good showing.
The bandmen were instructed in first-aid, for this had previously
been the duty of musicians in time of war. But just as our regiment
was moving up to its first sector in the line, this policy regarding
bandmen was reversed. Knowing well the recuperative value of
music for the worn-out doughboy with shell-shocked nerves and the
stimulus of livening tunes on the morale of a man just before he goes
into battle, the American Commander had decided to keep the musi-
cians of his fighting units where they could render their most valu-
able service. Hence the band was held back in Manonville in the pic-
turesque, 12th century chateau to give concerts for the men having
their turn in reserve.
But even in Manonville the bandmen were not exempt from shell-
ing. One sunny afternoon while the band was engaged in the lower
end of the village, Fritz evidently spied them from his observation
balloon. He sent over a token of his love in the form of a large shell
that exploded a short distance from the gathering. But the concert
ended with the usual rendition of the "Star Spangled Banner."
On the 8th of September the band was ordered to Minorville and
told to be ready for any emergency which might arise in the coming
drive. The emergencies appeared promptly. It was found necessary
to send twenty of the bandmen to Toul to bring back forty horses.
Those remaining worked all day and night transferring ammunition
from Manonville to Minorville.
September 12th, the day of the drive, was spent in "watchful
waiting," but soon after an order called a number of the men for a
burial detail near the village of Limey. Later, the entire band was
ordered out, part of them to bury their dead comrades and the rest
of them to salvage equipment that had been lost by the Americans or
captured from the Germans. From this time on, these were almost
permanent details for the musicians.
From Bouillonville the band returned to Minorville for a few days
to give concerts for the sick and wounded in the nearby evacuation
hospital. Thus, after the St. Mihiel offensive, the bandmen brought
cheer, as they continued to serve on special details.
One of the duties of the band now was to search for the lost and
missing. Under the leadership of Chaplain Carpenter, every yard of
the sector covered by the regiment during the drive was thoroughly
searched. All bodies found were given proper burial service.
While Regimental Headquarters were at Ecles Fontaine, in the
Argonne, the band remained in the dense woods several kilometers
to the rear. The instruments were stored in an old concrete dugout,
used by Captain Sichterman for a regimental personnel office. There
was no kitchen here, so the bandmen had to spend most of their time
searching for food. When the Regimental P. C. moved up to the
The Story of Headquarters Company 205
Romagne Road, the band moved to Ecles Fontaine and "dug in" on
a hillside.
The band was now engaged permanently in burying the dead, not
only of the 89th Division but of the 32nd Division as well. In this
work they gained special commendation from the Commanding Gen-
eral of the latter division. The following message will show the
nature and extent of their work in this sector :
From Lt.-Col. Boschen.
At Ecles Fontaine How sent
Date October 22. Hour No. Phone
To Colonel Reeves, 353rd Infantry, Advance P. C.
Band, under command of Chaplain Carpenter, now being
used to bury dead — ten bandmen on duty with Captain Keim
should be replaced. *****
Boschen, Lt.-Col.
On this duty the bandmen were frequently exposed to shell-fire.
While in a 354th Infantry "chow" line in the village of Gesnes, a shell
struck the kitchen, killing fifteen men and wounding as many more.
Luckily all of our bandmen escaped unharmed.
Following the drive of November 1st and 2nd, the territory from
Romagne to Beaufort was thoroughly searched for the dead. Under
the leadership of Chaplain Ashmore, the band buried sixty-one men,
friend and foe, on the 7th of November. This was the record for
any one day. Later the detail worked under shell-fire from Beau-
clair to Beaufort.
Armistice day found the band, a very thankful outfit, in Tailly.
The instruments had arrived from the woods. At the eleventh hour
some snappy tunes were played for the tired men. All music ceased
when the Chief-of-Staff of the division drove up in his car and in-
formed the players that even though the armistice was in effect, the
war was not yet over. As a penalty for their celebration, the entire
band was sent that afternoon to bury dead horses. But the armis-
tice soon put the band again on its old-time footing as the entertain-.
ers of the regiment. And in the days that followed the band had a
large share in bringing the men of the 353rd Infantry back again to
normal life.
Bombers
The Bombers Platoon is equipped with six light Stokes mortars,
arms especially designed for infantrymen. The limits of its range
are 100 and 1800 yards, and it is most effectively fired at an angle of
45 degrees. This short range indicates that it must be employed in
close support of the infantry. Its principal use is in the defense of a
sector.
206 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
The first opportunity of the Bombers occurred on the morning
of August 31st when the Germans sent over a silent raiding party
against "L" Company. The outpost had orders, in the event of an
attack, to fall back on the line of resistance unless cut off by artil-
lery. As there was no shelling on this occasion, they dropped back
down a communicating trench. When the Germans appeared, Corp.
E. A. Westfall and two men were stationed with a mortar about two
hundred yards to the rear of this outpost. The retiring infantrymen
informed them of the raid. They opened fire with a rapid succes-
sion of about twenty shells. Observations revealed the raiding party
advancing on the flank. The three men grasped their rifles, jumped
out of the trench, and joined the infantrymen.
Suddenly a voice said in perfect English, "Don't shoot, Three
Fifty Fourth." Thrown off their guard by this unexpected warning,
the party hesitated for a few seconds. But the sound of some Ger-
man jargon banished all doubts and the men opened fire. The Ger-
mans were driven back with a loss of nine killed and twelve wound-
ed. From this time on, the infantrymen, whatever their opinion of
the Stokes mortar, never doubted the effectiveness of this individual
bomber. In further confirmation of this staying quality, the Bomb-
ers relate this story of one of their members. While his crew was
near Limey, Chief Deibo, an Indian, was wounded by a piece of
shrapnel which remained in his leg. The doctor asked, "Will you
have an anaesthetic?" "No, give me a cigarette," was the stoical
answer.
On the night of September 11th, the Stokes mortar sections, al-
ternating cursing with coaxing, made their way through the jam and
confusion of troops to positions north of Limey. At two o'clock the
guns were in position. At "H" Hour the crews went over the top,
lugging their guns and ammunition.
The barrel of a Stokes mortar weighs 51 pounds, its stand 20
pounds, its base-plate 20 pounds, and the bombs approximately 11
pounds each. This weight had to be distributed among the men of
a squad already loaded down with rifles and rifle ammunition. Be-
fore they had gone very far in their attempt to keep up with rapidly
advancing doughboys, the Bombers became discouraged with the
prospect of missing the fun. They left the mortars behind in the
charge of one man and advanced as ordinary riflemen, overtaking
and assisting the assaulting battalion as far as the fifth objective.
The Bombers remained in Bouillonville with Regimental Head-
quarters until their mortars could be brought up. They took over a
spacious dwelling that the former Boche occupants in their flight
had left in fairly good condition. It had many of the comforts of
a club house and was well furnished, even boasting a good piano.
For three days, the Headquarters Company had been without a
kitchen, and so naturally the efforts of all Bombers were directed
toward the perfection of their mess, where their resourcefulness
found its best expression.
The Story of Headquarters Company 207
In order to show their appreciation, the Bombers prepared a ban-
quet in honor of "Mother" Fitzgerald and Miss Hermance. Other
guests were Lieutenant Leedy, their platoon commander, Lieutenant
Ballweg, and Chaplain Carpenter of the Second Battalion. An artil-
lery outfit donated a quarter of a fresh beef and a nearby garden
furnished potatoes, green cabbage, green beans, and squash. The
feast was placed upon a linen-covered table with china plates and
real silverware. The occasion was the source of much pleasant re-
trospection during the trying days which followed.
In the St. Benoit sector the Bombers suffered their first severe
casualties. On the night of October 2nd the gun emplacement was
struck by a shell of a large caliber. Pvt. Cecil £. Dillon was killed
and Corporal Crebo seriously wounded. Our artillery was now en-
gaged in heavy bombardments of German positions. On the night of
October 3rd Fritz retaliated with a severe gas attack on our sector,
claiming 11 Bombers as victims.
At Ecles Fontaine the Bombers received replacements from the
86th Division and were put under the direct command of Sergeant
Aldrich, one of their old veterans. While the 89th Division was in
reserve, the Bombers trained their new men and re-organized the
platoon.
In the Bantheville Woods, which were subjected to continual
shelling, the platoon learned more hardships of war. Kitchens were
forced to remain far to the rear, and "chow" details could scarcely
get through without casualties. Water was scarce and the men
would sometimes, in spite of orders to the contrary, drink the seep-
age water from a shell hole. But regardless of trials, the Bombers
"stuck it out" and "carried on."
As soon as Bantheville Woods had been mopped up and our lines
established on its northern edge, the Bombers began preparations
for the coming drive. By midnight the crews were in position, and
at 4 :30 a. m. they added their four guns to the barrage, firing a hun-
dred and sixty rounds in an hour's time. Just before "H" Hour they
hammered targets directly in front of our lines. At 5:30 the Bomb-
ers stepped off with the front wave and encountered little resistance
in the first lines of the enemy. The advance proceeded about two
kilometers. Our lines were now receiving direct fire from enemy
artillery at very close range. Due to the heavy fog and smoke, the
gun could not be located at once. However, one of the Stokes mor-
tars was ordered into position in a shell hole behind the narrow
gauge railroad. In the meantime, Sergeant Aldrich reconnoitered
the situation and definitely located the target. Private Hamilton
fired the mortar. The third bomb completely knocked out the artil-
lery piece and either killed or wounded every man of the enemy
crew.
From the time of the drive until the armistice, the platoon con-
tinued training and organization. It will be remembered that many
of the men had joined the platoon but a few days before the drive.
208 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
But the night of November 10th found the Bombers Platoon re-
organized and thoroughly imbued with the spirit of service, again in
position and ready to accompany the First Battalion in its drive
across the Meuse River.
Intelligence Section and Some Information
In the beginning — which in this instance refers to the 353rd In-
fantry training period at Camp Funston, Kansas — the Intelligence
Section was without form and void, and, to continue the paraphrase,
darkness reigned upon the face of the Regimental Intelligence Sec-
tion. If anyone had knowledge of such work, that knowledge, in ac-
cordance with strict injunctions, was kept strictly "SECRET."
Lieut. Clyde H. Biggs, while Assistant Adjutant of the Regiment
attended the Divisional School of Intelligence and received such in-
struction as was to be had. Toward the end of April, 1918, Sergeant
Noll and Corporal Quinn were selected as the nucleus of what after-
wards developed into the Regimental Intelligence Section. These men
gained a slight inkling as to the nature and function of an Intelli-
gence Section from a lecture given by Lieut-Col. Kilbourne, then
Divisional Intelligence Officer. Several maneuvers, in which the
Regimental Intelligence Section took part at that time, were funda-
mentally liaison problems.
And thus we found ourselves in the training area at Manois,
France, in the early days of July, 1918, still unorganized and still
hazy as to the part we were to play in the actions before us. How-
ever, during this period of uncertainty, the personnel grew by the
addition of Pvts. Irving T. Snyder as French interpreter, Jos. F.
Shafer and Jos. L. Moss as mapmen, Pvt. George Baerg as German
interpreter, and Pvts. George H. Ansdell and Irvin Dir as observer
and typist, respectively. And the third week in July was profitably
spent in Andelot, France, at the 4th Army Corps Intelligence School.
Here we learned our mission and spent a week of intensive training
under the able leadership of Maj. A. M. Johnson, whose wonderful
enthusiasm inspired the men to put forth their utmost effort.
The course included lectures and practical map work (reading
co-ordinates held a prominent place), the location and construction
of observation posts, landscape sketching, identification of prison-
ers, camouflage, scouting and patroling, and a sketchy lecture on
airplane photography — all crowded into one short week. Moreover,
two terrain problems, one covering a period of twenty-four consec-
utive hours, kept the pupils on their toes. The fact that Major John-
son selected a report submitted by the Intelligence Section of the
353rd Infantry as a model for Intelligence and Operations reports
shows the application of the men of this regiment. One thing im-
pressed throughout the course was the importance of keeping in-
formation absolutely SECRET. Experience proved this admonition,
The Story of Headquarters Company 209
in part, a mistake, as too rigid adherence frequently brought more
harmful than beneficial results in actual operations.
On our return to the regimental training area, we pursued the
course as outlined two weeks longer; and the early part of August,
1918, found us on our way to the front where our Division relieved
the 82nd Division in the Lucey Sector. Shortly before leaving Ma-
nois, Lieutenant Biggs was appointed Regimental Adjutant; Lieut.
Carl G. Eades, Second Battalion Scout Officer, took his place and re-
mained the Regimental Intelligence Officer until the demobilization
of the Regiment.
We were indebted to the officers and men of the 326th Infantry,
whom we relieved, for much valuable assistance in the conduct of
our O. P. (observation post), in keeping files and battle maps, in
submitting reports, and much more which they had learned from ac-
tual experience. Our section was now divided. Sergeants Noll and
Snyder, and Privates Shaffer and Moss remained in the Intelligence
Office in Manonville; Corporal Quinn, Privates Baerg, Dir and Ans-
deli took charge of the O. P. of the 326th Infantry in Hocquemont
Woods. This O. P. was located on a platform in a tree. But the
view of the enemy terrain opposite our sector was very limited.
Nevertheless, a few days occupancy gave the observers a good grasp
of their duty. The First Division, occupying the sector to our right
had its 0. P. in the same vicinity. Both groups of observers used
the same dugouts. When off duty, the First Division observers re-
210 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
galed our men with wild tales of their experience at Chateau-Thierry
and other active fronts. Environment as well as practice helped us
rapidly on toward professional observation.
Finding our staff of observers insufficient for the arduous work
in hand, we obtained three more men from the battalions; Privates
Buhler, Scott, and Bleistein, from the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Battalion
Scouts, respectively. In addition to being a good observer, Private
Buhler soon proved his value as a chef for the outfit. Even war
could not make the American doughboy forget his appetite, and par-
ticularly his love for "hot cakes." Shelling was intermittent, at
times quite heavy. Nevertheless, the doughty doughboy would have
his hot cakes, provided he had the necessary ingredients, and pro-
viding a shell didn't upset his improvised cook stove.
Reconnaissance revealed a much more advantageous O. P. in the
town of Lironville, near the center of our regimental sector, to
which we moved about the middle of August. This O. P. was lo-
cated in the attic of a two-story building, the only one left in the
town which offered a bit of protection from the elements. But it
provided a good view of our own sector, also a splendid view of
the terrain occupied by the Germans. Our view embraced on the
extreme right, Regnieville, a mere shell of a town lying out in "No
Man's Land;" continuing to the left, Remenauville, or what was left
of it, within the German lines; directly opposite our sector, the
Promenade des Moines, a high stretch of open ground overlooking
"No Man's Land" on the front slope of which was located Anson-
court Farm. The predominating features of the terrain, within the
German lines, were dense forests hedging the Promenade des
Moines; Mort Mare Woods on the left, and directly on the German
front; Euvezin Woods to the rear of the Mort Mare Woods; the Haie
P Eveque Woods about two kilometers to the rear of the German
front lines opposite the center of our sector; and to the north of Re-
menauville, the du Four Woods. The ruins of Remenauville and
Regnieville, the three jagged lines of German trenches with pro-
tecting strands of barbed wire, the shell holes which dotted the
surface, and the shattered trees lining the Metz Road, all combined
to form a picture which measured up well to our preconceived ideas
of a "real front." This splendid view of enemy terrain brought
many distinguished visitors. Among others were Major General
Wright, commanding the 89th Division, Senator W 7 m. H. Thompson
of Kansas, and Major General LeJeune, commanding the Second
Division.
The 0. P. in Lironville was equipped with a mounted, prismatic,
high-power telescope of French manufacture, mounted maps showing
our area, the German trenches and the area eight kilometers in their
rear. Sleeping and mess arrangements were on the ground floor of
the building, with a dugout close by. A field telephone in the O. P.
made possible hourly reports of activities, together with immediate
report of any unusual movement or action within the German lines,
directly to the Intelligence Office in Manonville.
The Story of Headquarters Company 211
One day, the vigilant eye of one of the observers noted activity
in a tree in the edge of the La Haie I'Eveque Woods about two kilo-
meters behind the enemy's front lines. A Boche observer was
making little effort to hide his work; he suffered accordingly. In-
formation was transmitted through the office of Lieutenant Dahmke,
in command of the one-pounder platoon. At the second shot, two
Boche tumbled hurriedly out of a wrecked post in this tree. Later
one of the observers picked up a party of Germans wending their
way forward through the communicating trenches in the vicinity
Flashlight Scene of Dugout in Lironville.
of Remenauville. They were without equipment, except rifles;
their steady movement towards the front line trench at dusk meant
but one thing — a raiding party. This information promptly trans-
mitted to the artillery resulted in the rout of their party before they
had a chance to get into action.
While the men in the O. P. were securing the necessary informa-
tion, the men in the somewhat less hazardous, but no less interesting
post in the intelligence office in Manonville, were steadily occupied.
Delays in reports caused the office force considerable embarrass-
ment and brought forth a sharp reprimand from Colonel Reeves,
then in command of the 177th Brigade. This matter was soon rem-
edied when Lieutenant Eades secured permission to use one of the
motorcycle orderlies each morning to bring in the necessary data
from the front.
212
Regimental History 353rd Infantry
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The Story of Headquarters Company 213
The map men indicated on a battle map every conceivable item
of military information from the location of automatic rifle posts
to artillery positions, from buzzer lines to supply dumps. In addi-
tion to our own dispositions, this map included locations of em-
placements, points of origin of machine gun and rifle fire, new
works, etc. within the enemy's lines. Moreover, these busy map men
arranged aeroplane photographs of enemy terrain opposite our sector
into complete photographs, and marked them according to scale.
These photographs they compared with previous sets of photographs
to see if the enemy had any new works or paths in his area. We had
heard much of the wiliness and cunning of our foe, so we watched
and noted his every movement.
The map question became more and more acute. Everybody
wanted, or rather demanded, maps. Memoranda in numbers to
Division G-2 called for maps. All that came were immediately dis-
tributed as widely as possible and permissible. The men were not
allowed to take them into the front line positions. Maps were trench
property, but each company repeated requests for maps. Finally
receipts were secured but what became of the maps will always be
a mystery.
Then, too, German prisoners taken in our sector were brought
to our office for interview. Numbers found on their shoulder straps,
and their pay-books containing original assignment, transfers, eva-
cuation to hospitals, etc., supplied valuable information concern-
ing organizations opposite our sector. Our first prisoners were
German deserters who had sickened of the war and were convinced
that Germany was beaten. They caused some excitement at first,
but this class of prisoners became quite common. The Prussians,
bona fide prisoners, taken when the Germans attempted raids on
our positions, aroused far greater interest.
Rumors of a "drive" were in the air, but we had no idea of its
proximity until about September 9th. At that time the quiet routine
changed. Things began to stir; roads were one mass of moving
cannon, tanks, supply trains; the Marines of the Second Division
mingled with us; Officers of the Tank Service and of the First Gas
Regiment frequented our office to secure data. Every day brought
new preparations for the conflict. On September 10th, the Second
Division took over part of our sector. Our regiment moved slightly
to the left and occupied a smaller sector; reports followed that we
were to be withdrawn. A new rush of field orders and conferences
convinced us that we were to be a front line division in a major
operation. Marine officers took over quarters at Manonville and
the 353rd Infantry Headquarters withdrew to Minorville. On
September 11th, less than 36 hours before "H" Hour of "D" Day, a
map was turned over to the Intelligence Section, for exact copies.
This map defined the regimental sector for the offensive — a strip
about one and one-half kilometers wide, leading due north for three
kilometers, then turning slightly to the northwest, including Anson-
court Farm, a portion of the Promenade des Moines, the Mort Mare
214 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
Woods, the d'Euvezin Woods, and the Deau Vallon Woods, the town !
of Bouillonville, and continued through Xammes. This map bore ■
such obvious phrases as "The Jumping-off Line," "H" Hour," "First
Objective," "H plus 45," "Second Objective," and some nine kilome-
ters distant from our "Jumping-off Line," the Army Objective. Then
we knew positively that something great was imminent!
In the meantime, the observers were busy. Under the leader-
ship of Sergeant Snyder, the observers reported to the advanced
P. C. in the Boyou Fouche on September 11th. During the after-
noon these men established on O. P. in an abandoned listening post
of the first line trench and made telephonic connections with the
advanced P. C. The remaining members of the section, Sergeant
Noll, Corporal Quinn, and Private Moss moved up to the advanced
P. C. with Lieutenant Eades after dark. Moss handled the telephone.
At practically the last minute, before leaving the rear P. C, an order
detailed Sergeant Snyder to an A. E. F. Officers' Training Gamp.
After some hesitation and debate, Sergeant Snyder left the group
of observers to attend the training camp, and Private Scott was
placed in command of the observers. Everything was set for our
first offensive. We were about to be put to our first real test.
"H" Hour was 5:00 o'clock and at 4:30 Colonel Reeves gave the
word, "Over the top for us." Out of our P. C. we moved north
through the mud and slime of a connecting trench. Waiting troops
leaned against the sides to let us pass. In a few minutes Colonel
Reeves; Lieutenant-Colonel Boschen; Captain Biggs, the operation
officer; Lieutenant Benning, signal officer; and Lieutenant Eades
and Sergeant Noll, runners, signalmen attached to the Regimental
Headquarters, found themselves on the parapet of our front line
trench with nothing but the wire between them and "No Man's
Land." The assault battalion was moving forward through the wire.
Colonel Reeves held a hurried conference with staff officers, and
in the confusion, Lieutenant Eades and Sergeant Noll became sep-
arated from the staff group and advanced alone through the wire
directly on the heels of the assault battalion. It was still dark and
raining. The Allied guns were belching forth in all their fury but
the German artillery had by no means been silenced. The rat-tat-
tat and sputter of countless machine guns added to the medley, and
the heavens were bright with the frantic pyrotechnic signals of the
surprised Boche. Gloomy old Mort Mare Woods was alive with
bursting star-shells and thermite dripping from the trees.
After the first temporary hold-up by machine gun nests, the ad-
vance was rapid. Signalmen found it impossible to run wire fast
enough to keep up connection between the assaulting waves and the
Regimental P. C. In fact, the intrepidity of our Colonel made it
unnecessary. He gained information first hand. Soon prisoners
were coming back in groups of fifteen to twenty and thirty. Men of
the Intelligence Section cut the shoulder straps from their blouses,
collected "sold buchs," secured strength of their forces, and dis-
patched the information to Brigade Headquarters. Many of the
The Story of Headquarters Company 215
prisoners were utilized in carrying wounded to the first aid stations.
Runners kept up communication with the assault battalion. Never
did the general intelligence of the men show itself to such good
advantage. Everyone of them was on the job.
Then the fourth objective was reached; Colonel Reeves established
a P. C. in a draw south of Bouillonville, while the Third Battalion
advanced to the Fifth Objective, which included the town of Bouil-
lonville. Here the Intelligence Section was kept busy checking up
the six hundred or more prisoners, including the Town Major and
his entire staff taken in Bouillonville. The prisoners were of var-
ious types — some, officers especially, were still arrogant; others
were meek and subdued; still others were in a jovial mood, no doubt
due to what they considered their deliverance. They did not look
underfed by any means, and some few were under the influence of
liquor. The sight of them dispelled all rumor of food shortage among
the German troops. But they were a beaten lot and ready to give
up the losing fight.
At seven p. m. the Regimental party advanced through Bouillon-
ville, Colonel Reeves gave hurried instructions to the Commanders
of the First and Second Battalions regarding the dispositions on the
Army Line, and then stopped with his party for a short rest at an
abandoned supply dump above Thiacourt. However, we soon set
out to see that the lines were properly established. We moved for-
ward through several lines of troops ''digging in," continued forward
through two strands of trip wire in the inky darkness. It was a
wonderful sight to see great bonfires flaring over in the German
lines; vast quantities of stores were being hurriedly destroyed to
prevent capture by the Americans. As far as the eye could see,
these fires were burning at approximately three kilometer inter-
vals. Figures of German soldiers were plainly silhouetted against
the blaze. Our men were not where we expected to find them. We
continued to the right, only to find ourselves in front of the posi-
tions being prepared by the Marines "out in No Man's Land!" Luck
alone prevented our being fired upon. We finally located some
men of our First Battalion but it was useless to try to get them
straightened out. Dawn was approaching, so we returned to Bouil-
lonville. Here the Regimental P. C. and Intelligence Office was
established.
In the evening of September 13th, the Regimental observers es-
tablished an O. P. on the high ground south of Xammes. An aban-
doned German commissary in Xammes furnished bread, honey, but-
ter, jam, gold-tipped cigarettes, and cigars; well-kept German gardens
in the vicinity supplied a variety of vegetables; a boche bar provided
beer, wine, and "schnapps." The reaction of the "dry" Kansans to
the liquid components of the new rations was astounding. While
watching enemy movements, the observers lived off of the fat of
the land.
The men in the Intelligence office were busy during these days.
Bouillonville contained the headquarters of various German infan-
216 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
try, sanitary and artillery units. Search of these offices disclosed
innumerable maps, charts, orders, and reports of great value. And
in the least expected place — the upstairs office of a German dental
surgeon, carefully tucked away in the lower drawer of a cabinet —
were found maps showing the German lines of resistance in the
rear of the portion of the famous Hindenburg Line which we were
then facing. Artillery codes, the German method of reading maps,
and a complete copy of the German orders of withdrawal in case
of attack in the St. Mihiel sector were among our booty. Here we
had German Intelligence in our very hands. After noting informa-
tion of value to our sector, all was sent to Division Headquarters.
On September 20th, the 353rd Infantry took over the sector to
the left, and on September 21, the Regimental P. C. and Intelligence
office moved to Beney. Our offices were above ground. The town
was being continually shelled, but the work had, perforce, to go
on. Posting maps and preparing reports, while shells dropped in
the back yard not three feet from the house or in the street directly
in front of the window, sprinkling glass over everything and every-
one, proved to be a real task. Occasionally the shelling became so
heavy that our force sought shelter in the wine cellar under the
building. This cellar was a shelter in a mental rather than a physi-
cal sense — a sort of fool's paradise. What a direct hit would have
meant to the runners, signalmen and intelligence personnel who
made it their home cannot be expressed.
While here a French soldier was brought in by the M. P.'s under
Corporal Laslett for examination. He had been prowling around
in a badly shelled house, clutching a piece of woman's clothing and
weeping bitterly. Our one thought was that he was a spy! Close
interrogation, however, disclosed his attachment to a nearby French
artillery unit. On arrival in that vicinity, he had secured a pass
from his commander to visit Beney. Here had been his home before
the German onslaught of 1914. He had been called to service. The
enemy occupied the area and in four years he had had no word
from his wife left behind. Now he found only traces of her cloth-
ing and his home was in ruins. When his pass had been carefully
examined, he was allowed to return to his organization. Thus we
came in close contact with one of the minor tragedies of the war.
The 29th of September found us moving back to La Marche, hop-
ing for a much-needed rest, but only to ascertain that we were tak-
ing over the sector to the left, from which the 42nd (Rainbow)
Division was being withdrawn. This was the St. Benoit subsector.
We established our O. P. on an abandoned German machine gun
platform set about twenty feet high in a clump of bushes a short
distance from Sebastapol Farm. The observers housed themselves
in the freight depot just south of the Beney-St. Benoit Road on the
railway connecting Pannes and Dommartin. But with two car
loads of abandoned German grenades and about fifty 9.7's at our
door and Fritz dropping shells in the immediate vicinity every few-
minutes, the place was uncomfortable, so we moved to the main
The Story of Headquarters Company 217
station, some hundred yards distance. Weather conditions during
our occupancy of this sector made observation poor.
The Intelligence Office moved with the advanced regimental
P. C. to the "cave" or cellars of what two weeks previous had been
an imposing chateau — the Chateau of the Count de Luynes at St.
Benoit. At this time it was a dreary looking heap of ruins. To
add to our discomfort, it was officially reported that the Germans
had mined these cellars! Inspectors traced down suspicious looking
wires, but these usually ended in an innocent electric bulb. A great
many holes drilled in the various arches ready for loading with ex-
plosives were found. But if the place was mined, none of these
exploded while we occupied the chateau.
Rumors of relief were again in the air. Finally on the night of
October 7th, a regimental staff of the 37th Division appeared. Sev-
eral hours were consumed in explaining details of conditions within
the sector, turning over maps and reports to their Intelligence Offi-
cer. About midnight, we withdrew, arriving at daybreak in Cor-
neiville.
For the first time in over two months we had a chance to relax
beyond range of shell fire, but hourly situation reports to Brigade
Headquarters continued as in the line. Arrangements were being
made for baths, but our rest was short and the baths failed to ma-
terialize. The following morning orders came to embuss imme-
diately for the Argonne-Meuse front. March routes were posted on
maps, equipment packed, and shortly after noon we were proceed-
ing in French trucks to Recicourt, west of Verdun. After dusk we
were again within sound of the big guns, within sight of their flashes
over the hills to the north. At Recicourt, we left the trucks and
spent the remainder of the night hiking over the hill to Brocourt.
Here we continued to rest for three days, getting baths, and as far
as possible, removing the stains of two months continuous service
on the front from our uniforms and equipment.
On Sunday, October 13th, (our regiment had without question
acquired the habit of moving on what is known as the "day of
rest") we started our hike northward, through mud and water, under
full packs, for many a weary kilometer. At midnight, we arrived
in the Bois de Chehmenin, two kilometers southwest of Montfaucon,
where we lay on the wet ground. Notwithstanding the discomforts
of roots and stones for mattresses, we slept from sheer weariness.
Before noon of the following day we moved; this time Ecles Fon-
taine was our objective. We were now in the Fifth Corps Reserve.
Five busy days we posted and distributed maps of our new sector.
During the last two days we were under orders to move on one
hour's notice. The Regimental P. C. and Intelligence Office were
located in the ruins of a farmhouse. The enlisted personnel oc-
cupied the upper floor under a roof through which the rain poured
as through a sieve.
On October 19th, the 353rd Infantry with the First Battalion in
the lead and the Third in support (the Second was in Brigade Re-
218 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
serve), relieved a regiment of the 32nd Division in the sector just
west of Romagne and Bantheville, comprising almost the whole of
the Bantheville Woods and Chauvignon. The relief was accomplish-
ed in record time and gained the special commendation of Major
General Haan, commanding the 32nd Division and General Summer-
all, commanding the 5th Corps. The 32nd Division reported the
Bantheville Woods entirely cleared of the enemy. Developments,
however, showed the enemy had either not been entirely driven
from the northern edge of the woods or had filtered back into the
woods in sufficient numbers to make this sector untenable by our
troops.
On October 22nd, the 353rd Infantry received orders to mop up
Bantheville Woods. This task was originally assigned to another
Infantry Brigade but had not been accomplished. The First Bat-
talion with the Third Battalion in support was selected to do this
work. The enemy continued to shell the terrain with H. E.'s,
shrapnel, and gas. Several very active Austrian 88's or "whizz-
bangs" kept on grouping their shots in characteristic fashion at the
outset. Two of the observers, Sergeant Scott and Private Buhler,
(the other five men remained on Hill 270) moved forward to a high
point which afforded a good view of the terrain to the north. Here
they met Captain Leigh, commanding "B" Company, and gave him
his location. Intense shelling soon made observation from this
point impossible. They waded through gassed areas, dodging
"whizz-bangs", H. £., and shrapnel, until they found the other men.
The group then reported to Captain Barnett, the commander of the
First Battalion, who sent the information of the advance by runner,
to the advance Regimental P. C.
Meanwhile, Lieutenant Eades decided upon a location on the
northern slope of Hill 288 on the Romagne-Sommerance Road. From
this post a good view was obtained of our sector in the Bantheville
Woods, also of the Barricourt Woods to the north of our sector,
Hazois Woods and the towns of Bayonville-et-Chennery, Landreville
and Landres-et-St. -Georges. The observers had dugouts on the rear
slope of the hill and were on duty day and night, checking up
enemy movements and spotting his artillery and machine gun era-
placements. Coded messages were forwarded to Colonel Reeves
as per sample:
"From Lansing (the code name of the O. P.) Date: 25th Octo-
ber, 1918; Hour 14:25; To: Ideal 6 (Regtl. Intel. Officer).
15 hours, 10 trucks, 9 guns and caissons, two teams each, and
one ambulance moving southeast on road out of Banonville,"
or "21:ooh, flash of cannon at point 01.8-88.2 (co-ordinates)"
Immediately our supporting artillery would get busy on the new
targets.
The work in the office continued night and day. Quinn was
busy on location and situation maps, posting the battle map, mak-
The Story of Headquarters Company 219
ing maps for Lieutenant Hewitt, the Regimental gas officer, and
tracing the daily patrol route. Sergeant Noll consolidated the re-
ports from the regimental and battalion O. P.'s for the daily Intel-
ligence and Operations reports, made out the Patrol reports, pre-
pared receipts for the vast numbers of maps being distributed
throughout the Regiment, coded and decoded messages. Lieutenant
Eades made daily trips to check up the work in each of the four
O. P.'s. This was a busy season and everybody had to go to his
limit and still "carry on."
Shelling continued incessantly. The location of the Regimental
P. C. at the cross-roads made it a point of special interest to enemy
artillerymen. One night something struck near the base of our
concrete pillbox .that shook the entire structure. Luckily, it was
a dud, but from the force of the impact and the resulting agitation
of our P. C. we all agreed that it must have been at least a "210."
Nevertheless work continued as usual. Increased activity was now
taking place within the German lines. About the 23rd of October,
there was a corresponding increase of activity in the rear of our
position. Cannon were being massed both to the east and west — in
places, hub to hub. Traffic on the road leading out of Romagne
passed directly in back of our P. C. Movements were not confined
to the hours of the night and heavy shelling of this area resulted.
Enemy aeroplanes became unusually active, and apparently oper-
ated without fear. Not only did they come for observation but
planes used their machine guns for direct fire upon our troops.
Alvin Severin, Lieutenant Eades' orderly, met his death by this
direct fire from aeroplanes while seated at the mouth of his funk
hole a hundred meters distant from the P. C.
On October 26th, operation orders covering an advance and maps
designating our sector and our objectives were received. Copies
-were immediately prepared. Captain Turner and the pioneers of
Headquarters Company had built an advanced P. C. for Colonel
Reeves and his staff in the northwestern edge of the Bantheville
Woods, about one-half kilometer south of our front lines. Every-
thing was in readiness, but at the last moment, orders changed and
we sat tight until the night of October 31st.
At 20:30 hours, October 31st, Colonel Reeves; Captain Masseck,
operations officer; Captain Turner, commanding headquarters
company; Lieutenant Ball, liaison officer; Lieutenant Hewitt, gas
officer; Lieutenant Eades, signalmen, runners and the Intelligence
section went forward to the advanced P. C. The observers re-
mained at their O. P. until the following morning. The hours of
waiting for the big show to begin were nerve-racking. At 10:00
o'clock there was an hour's bombardment of the German positions
and then, except for intermittent shelling, all was quiet. At 3:30
o'clock in the morning of November 1st, guns of every caliber
pounded away; mingled with the din and roar was the rattle and
clatter of countless machine guns. The enemy was prompt with
his counter artillery. There we lay, listening to the shells bursting
220 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
all about us in the woods. Not over twenty minutes from the open-
ing of the bombardment, there was a crash at the very entrance of
the funk hole occupied by the Intelligence Section. Our candle,
stuck on a knife in the dirt wall, was extinguished, and the air was
thick with flying particles of dirt and stone. Lieutenant Eades
shouted, "Anybody hurt?" "No," came the answer. We relighted
our candle when the dirt had sufficiently settled, and found all
well except for a slight abrasion on Moss's chin. The piece of old
blanket serving as a curtain in the small doorway was riddled. It
was just possible to crawl outside over the piled up dirt, and three
feet from the entrance where the packs had been left, there was
nothing but a crater made by the explosion of a 150 cm. shell. Not
a shred of the packs was found. "Pretty close to heaven!" was the
only comment.
At five o'clock word came that preparations for the "Jump-off
were being made. Zero hour was five-thirty. Immediately after
five-thirty, Lieutenant Eades, with Bugler Frank F. Tomanek as
his guide, moved out to the northern edge of the Bantheville Woods
to see how the Third Battalion was succeeding in their advance.
Progress was reported as very satisfactory notwithstanding the de-
termined resistance of enemy machine gunners located in organized
shell holes. A few minutes later our first prisoners arrived. They
were of far higher morale than those we had taken in the St. Mihiel
Offensive. Their shoulder straps bore a great array of numbers. A
captured lieutenant explained that these men were replacements in
the forces opposing us and that they had not been given new should-
er straps. This information proved false. These men were from
different regiments — reserve troops hastily brought up in a vain
attempt to hold the tottering German_line.
At five-fifty, Colonel Reeves and his party guided by Bugler
Tomanek started forward. We emerged from the edge of the woods
just in time to see the assault battalion going forward over the high
ground some 400 meters ahead. Shells were still dropping thick
about us, but the advance continued satisfactorily, and by four-
thirty, we had followed the assault troops into the southern edge
of Barricourt Woods, where we "dug in" for the night.
The following morning we again moved forward, directly back
of the Second Battalion's position in the northern edge of the woods.
Colonel Reeves did not hesitate to expose himself to the same dan-
gers as the men. This gave the men much greater confidence and
caused them to redouble their efforts. In this position, the shelling
was intense and the whir and whistle of machine gun fire sounded
continuously in our ears. In the evening the Second Battalion, now
in the assault, reached Tailly against determined resistance from
strongly held natural positions. The men had gone forward with
only desultory support from our artillery and only slightly pro-
tected with a machine gun barrage. Our prisoners by this time
numbered about 600. On the morning of November 3rd, the Regi-
mental P. C. moved to Les Tuilleries Farm. This same day, the 178th
The Story of Headquarters Company 221
Infantry Brigade leap-frogged our brigade and the 353rd Infantry
became Divisional Reserve. The Regimental P. C. was established
in Tailly on the 4th. The Intelligence Section occupied the village
fire engine house adjoining the P. C.
On November 7th, the P. C. and Intelligence Office moved for-
ward to Beauciair, where offices were again established. The Reg-
iment was still in reserve. On November 9th, it was rumored that
a divisional relief would take place. Our expectations of a rest,
however, were not realized. At six o'clock, the observers moved
forward to Laneuville, on the west bank of the River Meuse. Direct-
ly opposite was Stenay, still held by the enemy.
At midnight the regimental party arrived and established offices
in the cellars of the chateau. There was no thought of sleep that
night. Our First Battalion must cross the river, although ail bridges
were out, and occupy Stenay in the morning. The Second and Third
Battalions were to cross the river near Ville Franche and advance
with troops of the 90th Division upon Stenay from the south. Every-
body was hard at it. Hourly reports were being submitted to the
brigade. At 10:30 a. m., November 11th, information of the armis-
tice was telephoned in, but we continued on the job to the last
minute. Captain Eades promptly set out to deliver the armistice
orders to Colonel Reeves who was following our troops on the east
bank of the Meuse. By 10:55 "A" Company of the First Battalion
was reported in possession of Stenay. This information was im-
mediately dispatched to higher authorities and our days of actual
warfare were over.
The Pioneers — Knights of the Pick and Shovel
The most universal implement in modern warfare is the shovel.
It had been impossible for the American soldier even in intensive
training to realize this fact. He reasoned while digging the tough
soil of Carpenter Hill and the stony slopes of the A. E. F. training
areas :
"I'd rather take my chances on putting the enemy out of busi-
ness with my rifle than to put my confidence in a hole in the
ground. Let's fight it out in the open. Let me at him."
At first sight the doughboy scorned the theory back of all the
digging that he saw in the battle areas "Over There." As soon,
however, as the shell splinters began to fly around him, he made
a frantic search for his shovel. If no shovel was available he used
his mess-kit lid or his bayonet — anything to get below the surface.
After his initial experience in battle, the doughboy and his shovel
were inseparable friends, and of all the men who used the shovel,
the Pioneers were the most persistent and proficient of the lot.
In their own words these brawny knights of the pick and shovel
were "jacks of all trades." They dug trenches for other people as
222 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
well as themselves, built command posts, established kitchens in the
danger zone, collected surplus property; in emergencies, they served
as runners, stretcher bearers, gas guards, orderlies, and even as M.
P.'s. Wherever and whenever there was a task to be done so long as
there was a Pioneer available, that Pioneer was sure to be called.
The very nature and variety of their duties kept them scattered
over the entire regimental sector. They worked as individuals and
details, never as a platoon. Usually they were upon their own re-
sources for the necessities of life. Experience soon taught the Pio-
neers of the 353rd Infantry the art of "making arrangements" for
themselves and their comrades. These conditions of life developed
unbreakable bonds of friendship between the men of the platoon.
They were a rough and ready lot, sharing together the dangers,
hardships, and joys of a Pioneer soldier's life.
Hardly had the regiment landed in the front line when calls from
every corner of the sector came for the Pioneers. Within a week
they camouflaged the Regimental P. C, constructed a shelter for
"C" company's kitchen out on the front lines, and built a lookout
post for the Second Battalion. In spite of the demands the Pioneers
took time for recreation. In the very midst of these busy days, one
of them produced a baseball and a game was on, but a quarter of a
mile from the front lines. It was a success, but an observer who
noted the sport remarked unofficially:
"These Pioneers are a fine bunch of fellows but they are
crazy as hell for playing baseball up here."
In their service during the occupation of the Lucey Sector, the
Pioneers had considerable experience as soldiers as well as con-
struction men. When the Germans put over their raid on the morn-
ing of September 7th, the Pioneers grabbed their rifles, advanced to
an old stone wall in the edge of Limey, and prepared' to hold to the
last man. Only the good work of "D" Company kept them out of
military action. In the night following this raid, Sergeant Kiker
took a detail into "No Man's Land" to mend the wire entanglements
which had been cut by artillery fire. Four men handled the rolls
of barbed wire while the others stood on guard. All was well until
they were letting out the last roll when a flare went up from the
enemy lines, followed by a shower of machine gun bullets. The
Pioneers flattened themselves on the ground and escaped without
loss. Whatever the emergency, the Pioneers lost no time in putting
into effect the most practical solution.
During the night of September 10th, the Pioneers pumped out
some old dugouts to be used by Regimental Headquarters as a
"jump-off" P. C. On the morning of the 12th, they went over the top
in two sections. One section, armed with wire cutters, went along
with the first wave to help the fighting men make their way through
the entanglements. The second section accompanied the Regimental
Headquarters. Some served as runners; others helped carry the
The Story of Headquarters Company 223
wounded to the dressing station and escort prisoners to the rear.
Nightfall found them in Bouillonville, clearing away wreckage for
a Regimental P. C. As soon as they had completed their task they
took possession of a good billet with comfortable beds for them-
selves. Two days later engineer officers ranked them out of their
"Palace." Their next adventure was with a flying flea in a hay loft.
Some engineers again appeared on the scene. This time they noted
some suspicious wires in the loft. Investigation revealed an alarm
clock system connected up with two cases of high explosives under
the floor. From that moment the Engineers were again reckoned
as friends of the Pioneers. Every day held its peculiar excitement.
After the Pioneers had reinforced the Regimental P. C. in Beney
with sand bags, they assumed the responsibility of keeping men
under cover in the town. In order to test the efficiency of these
guards, General Wright, the division commander, disguised himself
and started down the middle of the street. Pvt. George Johnson
sighted him instantly.
"Hi there, old man, get the hell out of that street," he yelled.
"I want to go to Regimental Headquarters, how do I get
there?" asked the General.
"Beat it down along this wall, chase yourself across that
opening and high-tail up to that building with the stone steps.
Now be damned quick about it."
The General told the story delightedly on himself.
In the course of the Regimental move to the Meuse- Argon ne
front, the Pioneers arrived some time after midnight in the village
of Brocourt. They fell to the ground and tried to sleep but in a
few minutes Lieutenant Shepard, the platoon commander, aroused
them with these words:
"Boys, we have to get out and get busy and clean up the town
to make it fit to live in."
It was up to the Pioneers to help maintain the record of the 89th
Division for police. In fact, the men of the Pioneer Platoon found
life more livable at the front than they did in back areas. At any
rate, inspections at the front were not so frequent and there was
more room for originality there in the accomplishment of their mis-
sion.
When the Regiment reached the line in the Bantheville Woods,
Lieutenant Shepard was transferred to a line company and Sergeant
Traster took command of the Pioneer Platoon. The first duty in
the new sector was to establish headquarters company kitchen.
Three hundred men of this company besides casuals were scattered
about over the Regimental sector. They must be fed. The Pioneers
were now camouflage artists. Through their efforts along this line,
the difficult task was accomplished.
224 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
Even more dangerous duty awaited them in the construction
of the Regimental jump-off P. C, in the northern edge of Banthe-
ville Woods. Captain Turner, al that time in command of Head-
quarters Company, personally supervised the work. When Colonel
Reeves and his party moved up on the night of October 31st, the
P. C. was ready. The morning of the drive found the Pioneers going
over the top with Regimental Headquarters.
Until the night of November 10th, the Pioneers were busy in the
new sector. They had forgotten themselves in their efforts to help
others. Surely there would be opportunity now for rest; instead.
Location of Headquarters Company Kitchen on Romagne Road
orders came to advance to Laneuville. All sense of danger disap-
peared as they moved mechanically forward. When they arrived
at two a. m. their tasks were waiting; some accompanied Lieutenant
Hewitt on a detail to hunt boats; others helped the radio squads
carry their equipment to the river; still others made arrangements
for a kitchen; the remaining men in the platoon formed a burial de-
tail. Eleven o'clock on November 11th saw the end of the war for
the Regiment, but the nature of the Pioneer's service was such that
he had to continue with almost equal intensity to his last day in the
army — these knights of the pick and shovel.
One-Poundeh Platoon
The One-Pounder or 37 mm. gun has often been termed "the In-
fantry's own artillery." Mobility and the small space required for
ammunition allow it to follow the infantry in any phase of combat.
The Story of Headquarters Company 225
It is primarily designed to destroy by direct fire, machine guns,
which can be definitely located. For this purpose, it is the most
effective single weapon in the Infantry Regiment.
Lieut. F. M. Wood gave the men their first training with the gun,
but Lieutenant McCullum brought them into the sector on August
4th, where they were billeted with the rest of the Company in the
old chateau in Manonville. A little later. Lieutenant Dahmke took
command and in the latter part of August, two gun crews moved to
the front line trenches, taking up positions to the right and left of
Limey. Mere they succeeded in knocking out three German out-
posts. Never more than three shots were required to hit the object
Poundehs.
WRIGHT GLOVER DOY HARDING KIMBERLIN
fired at. Gunners boasted of using tomato cans for targets at 500
yards and handkerchiefs up to 1500 yards. But the flash of dis-
charge invariably exposed the position of the guns, and within half
an hour the spot would be shelled by German artillery. The crews
themselves avoided casualties by quickly moving to a new location.
Infantry commanders, who had to "sit tight" with their men, would
never allow them to fire the gun from any position close to their
troops.
In the St. Mihiel offensive, both guns were fired in the general
barrage as the Infantry went over the top. After the doughboys had
advanced for a short distance, the crews started forward carrying
their guns, expecting to be overtaken by their transportation. One
crew missed connections, and, laden with their heavy gun (barrel
and trail each weigh about 90 pounds) were unable to keep up with
the rapidly advancing infantrymen. The second crew, under Ser-
geant Underbill, found their mule ami were able to keep up with the
226 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
advance. When the infantrymen were being held up by a machine
gun located on an opposite hill, three shots from the One-Pounder
brought the Boche out of their nest with their hands over their
heads. Pounders always claimed this bunch as their own prison-
ers.
The crew advanced with the Third Battalion to a point near
Xammes. On the following day, they were exposed to severe shell-
ing. By energetically "digging in," the men were able to avoid cas-
ualties, but they could find no protection for their faithful mule,
Maud. The poor beast was completely demolished by a direct hit.
Her loss was deeply mourned by the crew who now had to carry
the cannon themselves.
The Pounder Platoon arrived in the Bois de Bantheville on the
19th of October and assisted our First Battalion in mopping up the
woods and advancing the lines two kilometers. On October 29th,
a shell struck the Stokes mortar ammunition dump in these woods.
As a result of the explosion, Sgt. Harry E. Bailey and Pvt. John L.
Thompson were killed, and Pvt. Clay H. Hawkins mortally wounded.
The activity of this sector was disastrous to the Pounder Platoon.
Casualties totaled three killed and twelve wounded; the Platoon was
now at only about one-third strength. It became necessary, there-
fore, to move back for re-organization and replacements in order to
participate in the Offensive of November 1st. On October 30th, the
platoon was filled up with replacements from the 314th Engineers.
On the morning of November 1st both crews opened fire on pits
and woods at the crest of the opposite hill while the infantry were
advancing across the valley. Each gun fired about 150 rounds and
did some very effective work at the "jump-off." Pulling their guns by
hand (for they had lost other mules) the crews now started ahead.
The doughboys moved steadily forward and the Pounders found it
difficult to do more than keep up with them. Consequently, they
were unable to fire any more on the first day.
On the morning of November 2nd, the Pounders made ready to
advance with the Infantry again. When troops of the Second Bat-
talion were held up by machine gun fire from a stretch of woods,
Mr. Pounder's barrage effectively silenced the fire. Fighting always
found the Pounders on hand, and it must be said to their everlasting
credit that they waded through more difficulties than any other
troops to get into action.
The cessation of hostilities on November 11th found the guns all
placed for the impending drive to the east of the Meuse River. Upon
reaching Stenay, the men from the 314th Engineers, who had proven
themselves courageous and worthy comrades, were sent back to their
organization. Only one squad of the thirty-eight original Pounders
was left to tell the story of the platoon's part in the World War.
The Story of Headquarters Company 221
The Signal Platoon and a Few of its Observations
The personnel of the Signal Platoon represented a cross-section
of American citizenship. Its commander, Second Lieutenant Lloyd
H. Benning, received his commission in the Reserve Officer's Train-
ing Camp at Fort Riley. In civil life, he was a salesman of Armour's
Star Hams and Bacon. The 76 men of the enlisted personnel were
selected for their technical knowledge of the various phases of
communication. Before being called into the service, ten of them
Wireless in Operation on the March to Germany
BOSS LT. BENNING FARRELL VERCOUTERE
had followed wiring; ten were telegraph operators; the others ran
through approximately thirty vocations ranging from electrical en-
gineering to the study of theology.
The problem of this group was to form an organization capable
or keeping up communication at all times under battle conditions.
They began work along the line of their specialty by installing and
operating a complete telephone system of sixty stations within the
regimental area at Camp Funston. The equipment was secured
largely through the efforts of Captain Keim. This was the first
system of its kind installed in any national army cantonment.
Through the kindness of Mr. Don Shepard of St. Johns, Kansas, and
228 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
the efforts of Sergeants Richard Fisher and Walter Vercoutere, a
powerful commercial radio set was installed and operated. During
this training period, too, the signalmen wired the regimental build-
ing. Whatever needed to be done in the form of electrical service
found ready ingenuity in the Signal Platoon for its accomplishment
But communication under battle conditions was to be quite a
different proposition from undisturbed commercial construction.
"Up where the big boys shriek and howl," the regiment would be
scattered over a large sector. Telephone lines would be knocked
out. Pyrotechnics, projectors, sometimes called search-lights or
blinkers, earth telegraphy, carrier pigeons, and finally runners must
be available as substitutes. Each of these methods has its short-
comings: visual signals may not be observed through the fog or
smoke of battle; earth telegraphy has but a short range; pigeons go
astray; runners may lose their way or be killed. The lives of many
men frequently hang on a single message. Every means, therefore,
must be available to guarantee delivery. Something of each of these
methods, the men learned in the schools at Camp Funston in con-
nection with the 314th Signal Battalion. But the intensive training,
necessary to battle efficiency, had to wait until the Regiment ar-
rived "Over There,"
Two days after arrival in the training area, the Signal Platoon
found itself in St. Blin attending the Divisional Signal School. The
Signal Battalion of the Division had not yet arrived, and Major
Franklin placed Lieutenant Benning in command of the school.
Word was passed along in confidence that the 89th Division expected
to go into the line in six weeks. So great was the importance of
communication, however, that it would first be necessary for the
Signal personnel to demonstrate its proficiency. Lieutenant Benning
at once divided the platoon into details representing the various
specialties. Each man now applied himself to definite task. Lieu-
tenant Rene Hoffman of the French Mission secured an excellent
training field and gave many helpful suggestions. His Sergeant,
Cosman, gave expert advice on the radio. At the end of the week
the men staged in miniature a divisional maneuver.
The 314th Field Signal Battalion arrived and took over the school
for the rest of the training period. Lieutenant Benning with two non-
commissioned officers and like personnel from each of the other
regiments in the Division, left for Langres, France, to take a final
course in the Army Signal School. Approximately six weeks after
arrival in France, Lieutenant William R. Goebel took the signalers,
the first detail of the Regiment, into the line. At the first whine of
a German shell, the signalmen dived head-long from the moving
truck into the ditch. The shell landed several hundred yards away.
This incident remained a secret until long after the men had become
veterans in the service.
The regimental area in the Lucey Sector was seven kilometers
in depth from the outpost in Limey to Regimental Headquarters at
Manonville. Its width of front varied, but it is said that it required
The Story of Headquarters Company 229
more than a half hour for Captain Portman to cover the interval
between extreme outposts. The system of communication was main-
tained practically as established by the signalmen of the 82nd Divis-
ion. Lieutenant Benning returned with Sergeant Barnes and Ser-
geant Bennett on August 14th and took charge. In addition to the
Regimental Signal Platoon, sixty-five men of the 314th Signal Bat-
talion were attached to the 353rd Infantry and placed under his
command. Because of the great extent of the area, there was work
for all. Telephone communication to the front led over two dif-
ferent routes. Part of the way, the lines were exposed to enemy
shells. In order to patrol these lines effectively, it was necessary
to establish a station for linemen at Chauvin, within a kilometer of
the front. Here the signalmen took turns in learning the lines and
getting a taste of the trenches.
A relay of projectors extended from Limey on the front line to
Division Headquarters at Lucey. Because the Germans were able
to read messages from the flank, the station was moved to Liron-
ville. In this location, it was destroyed by shell-fire.
On account of natural difficulties, the use of the T. P. S. or earth
telegraphy was limited to checking up conversation over the tele-
phone. Every one was supposed to communicate in code but it
was hard to keep up with ail of the regulations these days. The
dispatcher of the narrow gauge railroad was detected in the fol-
lowing violation of this order:
"Hello, Hello, St. Jean. This is the dispatcher at Menil-la-
Tour. I've got three cars for the Sixth Infantry at Martin-
court and two for the 353rd. Yes, the 353rd is in Manonville.
All right, good-bye!"
And this in the face of the fact that Fritz was supposed to keep
his ear always to the ground. Because of the fact that the Buzzer-
phone, a telegraph instrument, is practically proof against "listen-
ing in," it was used in the forward positions.
The radio station was located in the tower of the old Chateau
Manonville. Our station was not only able to get any messages sent
within divisional area but also to copy press from Paris and Berlin.
Sergeant Vercoutere copied the French and Sergeant Britain the Ger-
man messages. The French communiques at this time were devoted
chiefly to the victorious advances of the Allied Armies, while the
German messages invariably showed that their army was retiring
for "strategical purposes," The following was received from Paris,
September 1st:
"Two hundred French and British aeroplanes, consisting
of observation and bombing planes, were reported to have
taken a course toward Wilhemshaven. A later dispatch re-
ports that all but two returned safely, doing considerable
damage and making valuable observations on their journey.
»
230 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
At about the same time, this propaganda for the benefit of the
German troops at the front was picked up:
"Men have always gone to war for ideals, have fought
solely for honorable principles, with hatred and clenched
teeth, but the Americans have entered the war for sport. Their
chivalry has become so debased that they fight for trophies
and offer prizes for killing the largest number of German sol-
diers."
Thus, every member of the Signal Platoon kept in practice, even
the pigeon man. Many a doughboy smiled as he saw him coining
down the trench with his wicker basket of pigeons, but no one knew
at what moment an emergency would arise which could be relieved
by the pigeon as it carried a message at the rate of a mile a minute
to its loft in the rear.
As the day for the big offensive neared, duties of the signalmen
increased in number and intensity. On the morning of September
7th, the Germans threw a box barrage around Company "D" on
outpost. Signalers in the company sent up a rocket. Telephone
men gave the word to the French artillerymen. On occasions of
this kind, it is necessary for the artillerymen to place his barrage
immediately. But the French artillerymen were so surprised at a
call for a barrage in this "quiet sector" that it took them twenty
minutes to respond. It was too late to help the infantrymen but
the signalmen had done their part and left the explanation to the
Frenchmen.
All in all, the experience in this sector was very profitable to
the Signal Platoon. During the time that he was in command of the
regiment, Colonel Babcock did everything possible to strengthen
the service of communication. He had led the 28th Infantry at
Chateau Thierry and Soissons and lost no opportunity to give to
the personnel of the 353rd Infantry the benefit of his earlier ex-
perience in the World War.
On September 10th, Lieutenants Eades and Benning went to the
front to pick out a jump-off P. C. for Regimental Headquarters. The
Signal Platoon had already carried much of its equipment forward
and in the night preceding the drive, a final truck-load was stored
in a dugout near Limey. All day preceding the drive, signalmen
constructed telephone lines connecting the new Regimental P. C.
with the advanced P. C. of the brigade. They did their best to
protect the lines from traffic in the trenches as well as from the
German counter-barrage. In spite of their efforts, the assembling
troops trampled the lines into the mud. It was a hopeless task to
get them in again and a half hour before going over the top, there
was no telephone communication with the brigade. The radio,
too, was out of commission, and the muddy, crowded trenches were
almost impassable for runners.
At last the fateful hour arrived. The signalmen were to run a
telephone line to Brigade Headquarters immediately, but the dough-
The Story of Headquarters Company 231
boys advanced so rapidly and General Winn, (be brigade command-
er, kept so near the front that it was impossible to keep up with
him. In the meantime, Colonel Reeves had sent Sergeant Bennett
back with the following hastily scrawled message :
"Have taken Ansoncourt Farm. Our men are just entering
the woods. Advancing rapidly."
P. C. Reeves, Romagne Road, Meuse-Argonne Offensive.
This was the first official news from the front since the attack
had begun. The Sergeant now guided the General to the spot where
he had left Colonel Reeves. Colonel Reeves was gone. The radio
squad was on the ground. The general directed the men to set up
a station for him in the field and sent the following message to
Colonel Babcock, commanding officer of the 354th Infantry, Divi-
sional Reserve:
"7:00 hours. We are located 300 meters northwest of
Ansoncourt Farm. All reserves will report at once to four
hundred meters northwest of Ansoncourt Farm."
After sending these messages, the radio squad advanced with
all of their equipment to Bouillonville.
Although communication was very unsatisfactory, the Americans
had supremacy in the air and were able to prevent German observa-
tion from that source. Moreover, infantrymen were able to give their
232 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
positions with panels which they displayed on the ground. In one
instance, an airman flew so low that his observer leaned out of the
machine and signaled a warning to the advancing doughboys of a
danger point ahead. But communication now was of secondary im-
portance. Perhaps it was the instinct of the chase that carried the
men forward. Whatever it was, one thing was sure, every man did
his best to stay in the lead.
Not often in modern warfare does a regimental commander have
opportunity to command directly any large part of his men during
battle. But this is exactly what came to Colonel Reeves at the fifth
objective of the St. Mihiel offensive. Here there was a pause of an
hour to allow the artillery to bombard certain strong points ahead
and to give the units on the left sufficient time to bag the prisoners
in the great pocket just closed. The Second Battalion which had led
the assault to the fourth objective and the Third Battalion which had
just passed through to take up the assault were both drawn up in the
open field. Rank after rank of section columns were reforming.
The men were standing close together as in "chow" line, scorning
any danger from enemy bombardment. as they chaffed and fretted
over being held back.
It made a beautiful picture, the greater part of the regiment drawn
up in battle array while allied airplanes swarmed overhead, but it
was dangerous. The men had not yet learned the necessity of "dig-
ging in" at every halt. The retreating Germans now finding them-
selves less hard-pressed, had whipped a battery around and suddenly
brought its fire to bear, causing more casualties. Colonel Reeves im-
mediately took matters into his own hands. Mounting conspicuously
to the top of a small knoll, he shouted forth with his far-carrying
voice, forcing the units to spread out, take whatever cover they might
from the folds in the ground and commence "digging in." This was
a lesson that the men of the 353rd Infantry never forgot in the future.
The signalmen had had enough to do to keep up in the drive
without carrying rolls of wire and heavy accessories. Hardly had
plans been laid for the establishment of communication on the final
objective of the first phase when orders were received to continue
on to the army objective. No one was familiar with the terrain of
the latter objective and it was getting dark. In the hurried advance
much of the equipment had been left behind. Communication was
all but hopeless for the night.
Early on the following morning, the signalmen laid the first line
from the Regimental P. C. to the Brigade P. C. in Bouillon ville; and
a little later another to the "Pill Box" in the support positions which
was first used as an advanced Regimental P. C. Before night, com-
munication was established with the Third Battalion just outside of
Xammes, with the 355th Infantry on the left, and the 354th Infantry
in reserve. Thus, extensions continued until a complete net-work of
lines tied the 353rd Infantry together and linked it up with other
organizations. This task was unusually difficult because most of the
equipment had to be salvaged. A major ordered the corporal in
The Story of Headquarters Company 233
charge of the equipment stored in the dugout near Limey to abandon
it and move forward. So the signal platoon must first of all find
equipment. The Germans had left a switch board and some tele-
phones in their hasty flight. After the development of the telephone
system in this sector, the platoon had in its possession twenty-four
telephones and fifty kilometers of wire. They had also salvaged a
German projector, much superior to our own. Wherever a piece of
signal property appeared, a man of the Regimental signal platoon
was on the ground to "make arrangements" for its use in the Regi-
mental sector.
A serious situation occurred in the vicinity of the "Pill Box"
early in the morning following the drive. Different organizations
were trying to find their positions in the army line. A battalion of
the 354th Infantry supporting us had advanced too far and were
withdrawing. Instead of a few men coming at a time at wide inter-
vals, the whole battalion started back in a mass. This congestion
made an excellent target for the enemy artillery. Just at this
moment Colonel Reeves accompanied by Lieutenants Dienst and
Benning arrived at the "Pill Box." In the emergency, the Colonel's
life training showed itself to good advantage. He saw the danger
in an instant and knew how to deal with it. He ordered his two
officers to the end of the line to stop them, while he checked the
center in no uncertain terms. Not until the men were "digging in"
like fury did Colonel Reeves discover that they were not his own
men. This situation demanded immediate correction and it got it in
the exact terms of field service regulations.
No sooner was communication thoroughly established than the
regiment shifted to the Beney sector. The wire had to be strung
along the trail through the Beney Woods on an old German pole line.
Through observation or accident, Fritz caught the detail at work.
He chased them with his artillery the full length of the trail. It was
a race for life. As a shell reared, the men went down until after its
explosion. Immediately, they were up and continuing the race until
the next one was heard coming. The signalmen won the race.
Because of the unusual activity at this time, close communication
with the advanced infantrymen was imperative. In this sector, the
89th Division was supported by its own artillery. The signal for fire
was a three-star rocket. Fritz had a trick method of testing our
signals. He sent up the proper rocket. The artillerymen were on
the alert and opened fire. At the same time, a call to verify the sig-
nal saved waste of precious ammunition on "No Man's Land." Again,
when a battalion of the 356th Infantry raided the enemy's lines, the
artillery was to fire until notified by rocket signal that the raid was
complete. The rocket did not appear. Firing continued. Through
the efforts of Linemen Darnell Pigman and Walter Durham our lines
were kept in operation. The Brigade Commander was able to direct
Major Peatross of our Second Battalion to check up the raiding bat-
talion. Investigation showed that it had returned badly disorganized
by the severe fighting. In a few minutes the barrage was stopped.
234 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
The Signal Platoon of the 353rd Infantry established its reputation in
this sector for communication at all times and under all conditions.
In the St. Benoit sector, the radio section fell heir to a good sta-
tion. Poles were already available for the aerial and there was a
light, dry room to work in. It was a small wooden shack in an open
field within a kilometer of the front lines. A single shell would have
demolished the station but evidently the Germans could not believe
that we would dare to occupy it. The radio men considered the
communiques worth the danger. On October 6th the following was
received :
"Our troops, particularly of the 1st and 10th Armies glorified
themselves in the brave assault on the heights dominating Cha-
teau Parcien, after an eight hour severe bombardment with two
hundred charges de assault, tanks, and 3200 Infantry the heights
were cleared of the enemy who surrendered in great numbers,
leaving many machine guns, cannon, and equipment in our
hands. The troops of the 10th Army entered Chateau Parcein
amidst great wreckage. The Germans are reported to be re-
treating slowly into Belgium with a pivot on Mesieres."
The real test of the Signal Platoon came in the Meuse-Argonne
Offensive. Bantheville Woods was in the form of a salient that pro-
jected nearly four kilometers ahead of the rest of the line. There
were two trails to the front. One of these was so continuously
shelled that our line was cut faster than it could be repaired. The
signalmen concentrated their efforts on the trail marked by white
tags which led the way to the aid station. Construction on this line
began immediately after the infantry had mopped up the woods.
Between 4 and 11 a. m. on the following morning, the line had been
cut in nine different places between the advanced Battalion P. C.
and the first aid station, a kilometer back.
All hours of the day and night, the linemen followed along with
the wire in their hands. They dared not let loose for fear of losing
the way. During the short period of occupation in this sector, seven
signalmen were gassed and two seriously wounded in keeping up
this single line. The following message from the Intelligence Officer
indicates the severity of artillery fire :
From Intelligence Officer, 353rd Infantry.
At P. C. How sent
Date October 27, 1918. Hour 3:00 No. Phone
To Intelligence Officer, 177th Brigade.
Heavy shelling since two-thirty. Estimate six hundred to
eight hundred arrivals, 77's and 155's. High explosive, during
hour. Gassing Bois de Bantheville.
In addition to telephone communication, Corporal Farrell main-
tained a projector station on Hill 262 in the First Battalion's posi-
tion. He was able to transmit emergency signals, a distance of four
The Story of Headquarters Company 235
kilometers, to our receiving station near the Regimental P. C. The
projector was located in a tree top but operated by a key in a small
dugout P. C. German artillerymen registered on the point in the
morning of October 30th. A large shell tore up the earth immedi-
ately beneath the tree and demolished the projector beyond recog-
nition. Wherever a signalman appeared German artillerymen
seemed to have his location.
The radio station was in the only remaining room of a rustic,
summer cottage. Here the operators worked steadily on without
a thought of danger until the aerial was torn from its supports and
left hanging in the tree. Private Gill continued to copy his message.
Presently another shell tore up the board sidewalk just outside the
window. This was getting too close. Taking the receivers from his
head, he announced that there would be no more messages that day.
But no sooner had the bombardment subsided than he was back
again at his post. These experiences made up the training for the
last great offensive of the war.
When November 1st arrived, the Signal Platoon was ready and
anxious to leave Bantheville Woods. Lieutenant Benning had
worked out the "Axis of Liaison." It was carefully placed upon all
available maps so that all runners would be able to find the various
headquarters along this line, thus avoiding the confusion of the St.
Mihiel Offensive.
The radio squad had arranged to operate in a dugout. Telephone
lines were all O. K. when the barrage began. In their reply, the
Germans shelled all areas of the regimental sector with a special
concentration in the vicinity of all advanced Regimental P. C. Line-
men followed their wires through it all and communication appeared
to be satisfactory until shortly after the real bombardment began.
Suddenly all lines to the rear were out. The radio now had to
handle all messages. There was a frightful explosion just outside
of the dugout and when the radio operator had recovered speech,
he stated that the aerial was cut. Another message must be sent
before going over the top. All telephone lines were hopelessly be-
yond repair. It must be sent by radio. The radio men, led by Ser-
geant Britain, stretched the reserve aerial between two trees. So
violent were the explosions that Corporal Bonnon was wounded by a
shell fragment as he worked away in the tree. The message was
transmitted and an answer received before "H" hour.
The drive was now on and the signalmen were over the top with
Regimental Headquarters running two grounded circuits a hundred
yards apart as they followed the advancing troops. This plan worked
out well. The Brigade detail under Sergeant Wendler kept its axis
well forward. Almost constant communication was maintained be-
tween Colonel Reeves and General Winn during the advance. Other
methods besides the telephone were used. Pigeons carried back three
messages. The radio detail operated successfully twice in the field.
Signalmen had profited by their experience in the St. Mihiel Offen-
sive and refused to be cut off this time. The telephone detail kept
236 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
within fifty yards of Colonel Reeves and brought up the line with
it. When General Winn reached the town of Remonville, a new
circuit was established with Brigade Headquarters. Regimental
Headquarters was established in connection with the headquarters of
the Third Battalion in support. As soon as communication could be
established with the Second Battalion Headquarters, the men "dug
in" for the night.
Daylight of November 2nd was accompanied by severe shelling
Our telephone lines to Brigade Headquarters in Remonville were
cut several times and communication by this means was uncertain.
Two pigeons were dispatched with messages calling for artillery-
support and the supply of pigeons was exhausted. The storage bat-
teries of the radio set had run down and supplies were not avail-
able. It was necessary for the most part to resort to the costly
human agencies — untiring, fearless runners. Corporal Farber, Bu-
glers McGee and Tomanek earned distinguished service crosses in
the emergency.
After much delay, the Second Battalion with the Third closely
in support attempted to move out of Barricourt Woods at 12:55 p.
m. Artillery was unable to get up so the infantrymen had to attack
without a barrage. The first report that came to the Regimental P.
C, a kilometer in the rear, told of severe resistance from a strongly
organized line of enemy machine gun nests. The second report, a
few minutes later, stated that "H" Company on the left had lost every
man who attempted to step out of the woods and that Companies
"G" and "F" had not been successful in their advance.
Colonel Reeves was on the wire with the Brigade Commander
and Colonel Lee, Division Chief-of-Staff, urging an artillery barrage.
Presently they were able to supply a battery of "lights" and a bat-
tery of "heavies." Fire was to commence at 2:40 p. m. Colonel
Reeves immediately sent Lieutenant Benning forward to notify Major
Peatross to wait for the artillery. It was now 2:15. With Bugler
Tomanek as a guide, Lieutenant Benning hurried to the Second Bat-
talion P. C. It was abandoned and a straggler in the vicinity said
that the Battalion had gone forward. He continued to the edge of
the woods and there saw the Second Battalion advancing rapidly on
the heels of the retreating enemy. In an instant, the situation
dawned upon Lieutenant Benning. The men were advancing right
where the barrage would fall. He glanced at his watch. It was 2 :28.
Just twelve minutes remained in which to stop the barrage. The
two ran full speed along the edge of the woods until they came to
a road which led directly to the P. C. Here the mud was almost
boot-top deep. They were almost in despair when they came to the
Third Battalion P. C., about half way between the Regimental P. C.
and the edge of the wood. Sergeant Lane was disconnecting the
telephone to start forward with his line. In feverish haste, it was
again connected. Colonel Reeves had not yet left the telephone. In
a moment, the artillery had the information and Sergeant Lane
hastened forward with his line.
The Story of Headquarters Company 237
When Lieutenant Benning reached the Regimental P. C. he
learned that the artillerymen had been instructed to put down a
barrage eight hundred meters in advance of tbe first line. It was
considered this advance would allow for the progress already made
by the troops. Colonel Reeves immediately sent Lieutenant Ben-
ning forward again for a report on the situation. An artillery liaison
officer who accompanied him slated that the firing was entirely by
map. A glance from tbe edge of the woods showed tbe disastrous
results of the barrage. The Infantry had advanced so rapidly that
the "lights" were falling on the assaulting wave while the "heavies"
were falling on the support wave. A rocket promptly went up from
Regimental Motorcycle Men.
ROTH MEEK CHELF ZIMMERMAN
the center of the line but the artillerymen were behind the woods
and could not see the signal.
At this point, the party recognized a telephone wire of the Signal
Platoon. It was broken. Lieutenant Benning quickly spliced the
ends and bung the wire over a bush. At the Battalion P. C. it was
learned that this good line, which had been run out by Sergeant
Cato's Second Battalion detail, refused at first to respond but had
come in again in a short time. Major Blackinton had seen the ex-
plosion of the shells as well as the signal and asked the artillery
to stop the barrage.
A little later, the assaulting troops reorganized and advanced to
the army objective. At midnight, Captain Masseck, operations of-
ficer, telephoned co-ordinates of the new position from the B
238 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
mental P. C, a muddy shell-hole in Barricourt Woods, to Brigade
Headquarters. The day's work was still not done for signalmen.
Although a fourth of the platoon were casualties, the line must be
checked and communication established.
After a few busy days of trying to keep in touch with the ever-
shifting units of the Regiment, orders came on the night of Novem-
ber 10th to follow on to Stenay. The Signal Platoon spent the night
in taking over communication within the new sector. Linemen ran
a wire from the Regimental P. C. in Remonville to the Brigade P. C.
in Boucq and another to the river toward Stenay. The radio squad
accompanied the Second Battalion as their only means of communi-
cation with Brigade Headquarters from across the river. All were
ready for the attack.
At 9:20, November 11th, a telephone message announced that all
firing would cease at eleven o'clock. The armistice had been signed.
Almost at the same instant came an order to take Stenay before that
hour. Stenay would not only mean a great convenience for our
troops but it would also be of tremendous military advantage in
case the terms of the armistice were not carried out. The First Bat-
talion had spent the night in planning to cross the river. Company
"A" led the way. Lieutenant Benning with a detail of one Sergeant
and five men followed the platoon with a telephone. The crossing
was difficult for the doughboy with his rifle. It was almost im-
possible for the signal detail with their bulky reels of wire. No
sooner were they across than the telephone was connected and the
353rd Infantry was reported in possession of Stenay. And the Regi-
ment's part in the fighting of the World War was over.
If there was one quality above all others that characterized the
353rd Infantry it was the spirit of co-operation.
CHAPTER XXX.
Story of the Machine Gun Company of the 353rd Infantry
The organization and training of the Machine Gun Company
represented a unique problem in an Infantry Regiment. Scarcely
one of the new officers and none of the enlisted men had seen more
than a picture of the murderous implements known as machine
guns. Pamphlets told of the hundreds of shots per minute and the
deadliness of their fire. Stories from the front indicated that the
machine gun was the most effective weapon in the World War. At
the same time, there was other information of even deeper personal
concern to the would-be machine gunners. Machine gunners must
stay to the very last. In fact, to be a machine gunner meant sure
death. Regardless of labor and cost, the Regimental Machine Gun
Company must bring sixteen guns into action.
In true western spirit the personnel of the Machine Gun Com-
pany took hold of their problems as if it were a regular part of their
life's work. Capt. William R. Postin was placed in command. Other
officers were First Lieutenant Delaney, Second Lieutenants Husted,
Mitchell and Bailey. Eleven recruits, the first quota of enlisted men,
were assigned to the company, September 5th. Sergt. Sidney A.
Wilson from the Regular Army was "Top Cutter" throughout the
entire service. The arrival of the second quota of enlisted men on
September 20, 1917, marked the beginning of real training.
The first step in the training of machine gunners, as that of all
other fighting men, is found in the school of the soldier. So the
machine gunners shouldered their wooden rifles and drilled along
with the men in the line companies. All the while, the conditioning
process was in silent operation. In the meantime, officers and non-
commissioned officers were studying the technique and theory of
machine guns.
The first effort to specialize in machine gunnery was made in
the latter part of November, 1917. Lack of machine guns hampered
progress, but the combined ingenuity of officers and men impro-
vised weapons which served for tactical instruction. Later, three
old-style Colt guns were received. Great enthusiasm marked the
study of these pieces. Captain Postin and Lieutenant Mitchell
worked out a chart which reduced the computation of firing data
to a simple mechanical process. The machine gunners soon began
to feel that theirs was the most interesting work in the Regiment.
W 7 hen the 353rd Infantry was called upon to furnish troops for
replacement, the Machine Gun Company lost a great many of its
trained men. In March and April, 1918, about seventy men were
transferred to the Third Division.
However, new men took their places in the latter part of April
and early May, and on May 25, 1918, the Regimental Machine Gun
Company entrained at Camp Funston and arrived in Manois, France,
June 24th. The men were comfortably housed in barracks and the
240 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
training program, provided by General Headquarters of the A. E. F.
was put into full effect.
The men received just before leaving Camp Funston were prac-
tically raw recruits. These men had first of all to be put into con-
dition to bear heavy burdens. They were gradually taught how to
carry their guns and tripods over long distances. Guns (Vickers
type) and tripods each weigh approximately forty pounds and each
box of ammunition, fifteen pounds. A man carried two boxes of
ammunition. In addition to "Elementary Gun Drill" — the machine
gun manual of arms — a "rough ground" drill was immediately inau-
gurated. This involved carrying guns, tripods, and ammunition into
action, under cover and with rapidity. When this branch of the
work had progressed, the men were trained in the art of firing at
targets which could not be seen from the gun positions — "indirect
fire." Signaling and range finding were important parts of the
training. In spite of the many things to be learned and the heavy
work involved, in a few weeks the company began to resemble a
real fighting unit. Knowing that trench warfare was the next step,
the men worked with fine spirit. They were determined that no
other machine gun unit should go into the line better prepared for
action.
Men and equipment were placed aboard trucks in Manois on the
morning of August 4th. Owing to the bad condition of the roads
and lack of familiarity with the country, the company did not ar-
rive in Francheville in the Toul Sector until the morning of August
5th. During this trip the machine guns were mounted in the trucks,
but there was no occasion to use them for anti-aircraft work.
In Francheville, the company had its first experience with the
French billeting system. The men occupied barns. They shifted
for hay or straw as best they could. When allowed at all, lights
were ordered carefully screened as a precaution against aeroplane
attack. As a result, the men fell through holes in the lofts and
stumbled over each other in the darkness. While in these Franche-
ville billets, the men met their first "cooties." Several large col-
lections of these affectionate little insects insisted on accompanying
some of the men on their dangerous journey in spite of protests.
During the night of August 8th, the company relieved a machine
gun unit of the 82nd Division in a support position in the de Haye
Woods. In this position, shelling became common. But good dug-
outs prevented casualties. Taking advantage of the lulls in shell-fire,
the men held daily pistol and machine gun practice. The company
was screened from German observation balloons by a slight rise and
a fringe of trees. Hostile aircraft frequently passed over while the
firing was under way. At such times, the men took cover in the
woods. Every day saw new machine gun emplacements, and cam-
ouflage became a real art. Gas defense became a part of the pro-
gram. Every minute was used to the best possible advantage.
About a week after entering the de Haye Woods, the Company re-
lieved a unit of the 341st Machine Gun Battalion, 89th Division, in
Story of the Machine Gun Company of the 353rd Infantry 241
the front line near Limey. One platoon was echeloned in a position
near Lironville. The war game became a reality. Night and day
the company was subjected to artillery and gas shelling. The gun
positions were well camouflaged, and the enemy registered no direct
hits. This experience helped to accustom the men to concentrated
artillery fire.
August 27th the company was relieved and marched back to re-
serve billets in Minorville. Here rumor directed the American army
toward Metz, and the machine gunners made ready for the trip.
Company problems in machine gun firing were on, nearly every day.
Some of the problems were worked out in sight of German observa-
tion balloons. While the company was firing on a long range near
Boucq (north of Toul), the enemy shelled nearby artillery positions;
and a German birdman passed over our range to set an Allied bal-
loon on fire. These little distractions did not interrupt preparation
for the First American Army Drive.
On September 5th the company again went into the de Haye
Woods near Limey. Days were spent in planning for the St. Mihiel
drive. The men worked out a scheme of carrying certain of the
machine guns without tripods, so as to be in better position to keep
up with the less-burdened infantrymen during the attack. Instead of
tripods the gunner's helmet was used as a support for the guns while
firing. A piece of metal bent into "U" shape was fastened to the
top of each gunner's helmet. The gun rested in the "U". A scheme
was also worked out which enabled the gunner to shoot over the
back of his loader. One man would lie down, using his body as a
support, the gunner fired the piece. Each man in the company car-
ried one belt in his pack in addition to his other equipment. The
regular ammunition carriers also carried two additional belts of 250
rounds each in their hands. The boxes containing the belts were
covered with burlap and strands of this material were used as slings
to ease the load on the carrier's arms. In this work every man took
a lively interest and as a result of team work, the problem of carry-
ing the heavy equipment was solved.
Shortly before the day of attack, Captain Postin had to be sent
to a hospital in Toul, and Lieut. Edward A. Mitchell led the
company in the drive of September 12th. Early in the night of
September 11th, the men began their march to the jump-off posi-
tions in front of the ruined town of Limey. Besides their reserve
rations and personal equipment, each man carried a 15-pound belt
of ammunition in his pack, either a gun or tripod or else two boxes
of ammunition. It was raining during the entire march; the men
waded through mud up to their ankles. Units of the Second Divi-
sion, attacking on the right of the 89th Division, were using the same
road. Owing to the darkness, there was considerable confusion
which caused frequent delays in the march. While leaving the town
of Limey, the American barrage opened up and Fritz began his re-
taliation.
242 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
Nevertheless, leaders marched the platoons to the "jump-off" po-
sitions. They arrived barely in time to move forward behind the
barrage with the Second Battalion of the 353rd Infantry. The mis-
sion of the company was to accompany the assault battalion, par-
ticipate in any fighting which might take place, and, at the end
of the attack, help to consolidate the regimental positions. This
meant that guns and ammunition must be carefully saved for what
might easily be the toughest part of the fighting — that of holding the
ground won.
At the very beginning of the attack, the company suffered cas-
ualties. One man was killed and five were wounded, including
Lieutenant Garin, who commanded the Third Platoon. Although
tired from the previous night's hike, the machine gunners went for-
ward with the infantry and plodded along all day with their heavy
loads. Some fell from sheer exhaustion. Officers and non-com-
missioned officers took turns and all "carried." When a rest was
possible the men fell asleep and had to be jabbed into wakefulness
to proceed. Not a one quit; without complaint the men clambered
through the dense woods and up the steep slopes.
Nightfall found sections of the company scattered through the
Regiment, but in position to repel hostile attack. By 9 p. m. that
night, the company had been assembled in an old German stable
at the foot of a hill at Bouillonville. Before daylight the company
advanced to a sunken road above Thiacourt. At 8 a. m. the com-
pany advanced through heavy German shell-fire to Xammes, where
they "dug in" at the edge of the village in support of the Third Bat-
talion.
Artillery fire from the enemy grew heavier as the day advanced.
Lieutenant Mitchell was struck in the lungs by a shell fragment. He
was evacuated immediately, but later died of his wounds. Even in
the stress of action, every man felt the loss of a friend and comrade.
Not only did they appreciate him as a man, but they loved him for
his ability as a machine gunner and a leader. Command of the
company then passed to Lieutenant Husted, who barely escaped in-
jury by the same shell which injured Lieutenant Mitchell.
Until September 14th, the company lived in their holes around
Xammes and prepared positions for the counter-attack which never
came. On that day the company dropped back to a position along
the Thiacourt-Beney Road and a few days later retired to Bouil-
lonville, where billets were secured in an old hospital. The men
were worn out, but a bath in a German bath tub, a change of cloth-
ing, and some cigarettes brought back the old-time pep.
Not only was the company justly proud of its part in the attack,
but it was upheld in its pride by the following official commenda-
tion:
Story of the Machine Gun Company of the 353rd Infantry 243
HEADQUARTERS 89TH DIVISION
A. E. F.
September 28, 1918.
Through Commanding General 177th Brigade.
To Commanding Officer 353rd Infantry:
1. The Division Commander is pleased to commend the Ma-
chine Gun Company, 353rd Infantry, for their training, disci-
pline and esprit. The work accomplished during the offensive
of September 12th was most praiseworthy and reflects credit
upon the company, regiment, brigade, and division.
2. The device used for firing the machine gun and the re-
source evidenced by Platoon Sergeant Latchem give evidence of
interest in the work which in itself makes success of an or-
ganization almost certain.
September 20th found the company resting in the woods to the
rear of Bouillonville. About this time, Captain Postin returned from
the hospital and took over command of the company. After a brief
stay the company advanced to the support of the Third Battalion,
353rd Infantry, near Beney. These troops were designated to
counter-attack in case of hostile offensive.- And the machine guns
were so located that they might be brought into action either to the
left or right of Beney Woods. German observers kept the men to
their positions by day. Carriers brought up two meals each night
from the kitchens in Beney. Three members of one of these food
details were severely wounded by a shell which exploded at the
kitchen. Shell fire was heavy, but the Machine Gun Company es-
caped without further losses.
When the 353rd Infantry relieved units of the 42nd Division west
of Beney October 1st, the Machine Gun Company was placed in re-
serve between Lamarche and St. Benoit. Each night gunners ad-
vanced nearly two kilometers to emplacements and returned to the
reserve positions before daylight.
Relieved by the 37th Division on the night of October 8th, the
regiment moved for participation in the Meuse-Argonne offensive.
The members of this company were transported in trucks from
Beney to Jouy, arriving there the morning of October 9th. At 4:30
p. m. the same day, the company boarded French trucks for Bro-
court. On this trip sixteen of the men were poisoned by gas fumes
from motor exhausts. One truck ran into a ditch and spilled fifteen
men. Two trucks lost their way and went to Verdun. Not until after-
noon of October 10th was the company assembled in Brocourt.
Three days rest here saw them all fit for duty again.
Leaving Brocourt October 13th the men did cross-country toward
the new front — roads were prohibited. From early morning until 10
p. m. the men marched over railroad beds and hills, through fields
and streams of water. October 14th the company arrived in Ecles-
Fontaine and became part of the support for the 32nd Division in
244 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
the Meuse-Argonne offensive. October 20th the Machine Gun Com-
pany went into support position in the Bantheville Woods with the
Third Battalion.
For nine days the company clung to its positions in the woods,
suffering considerable from high explosive and gas shells. The mis-
sion of the company while in the Bantheville Woods was to take up
such positions as would insure proper protection to the infantry.
In case of attack, the machine gunners' orders were to repel the at-
tack or die at their posts. These were trying days for the machine
gunners who could do nothing but wait for their chance. Fortunate-
ly the Germans did not attack and the company was never forced to
make the supreme sacrifice machine gunners must make on such oc-
casions. A "direct hit" on October 21st resulted in casualties of one
killed and five wounded.
When the Third Battalion advanced to the northern edge of the
woods for a part in the last big American drive, the Machine Gun
Company also advanced and relieved a machine gun unit of the 341st
Machine Gun Battalion. Just before "H" hour on November 1st the
Machine Gun Company moved out into "No Man's Land" and "dug
in." At 5 a. m. the various platoons of the company rose from their
shallow holes within a scant 100 yards of the enemy lines and began
to follow the American barrage with the assault units of the Third
Battalion.
The advance had not been long under way when Sergt. Frank J.
Davidson was killed and Sergt. Edward Shannon was mortally
wounded by enemy machine gun fire.
Sergeant Shannon had just returned to the company and was
slated to return to the First Corps School as an instructor in machine
gunnery. Shortly after passing the first objective, Corpl. Eitel F.
Thieme of the Third Platoon was killed while trying to locate an
enemy machine gun which was firing into his squad. Pvt. Louis F.
Dietsch was killed by the same fire. Pvts. Charles W\ Smull and
Harlan O. Henrick tried to mount the gun to silence the German
gunner and Private Smull was badly wounded. Private Henrick per-
sisted in his efforts, but was unable to accomplish his task for a
bullet tore the feeding mechanism from his gun and rendered it use-
less. Private Prosser was also killed at this time. Thus one whole
crew passed out of action.
But the experience gained in the St. Mihiel drive kept down the
number of casualties despite the heavy machine gun fire, to which
the men were subjected during the early stages of the first day's at-
tack. The First and Second Platoons passed without loss to the first
objective. Once the Second Platoon advanced into the American
barrage and a few minutes later ran into German artillery fire. Mov-
ing with the front line was costly for the Machine Gun Company,
but here the men had been ordered to take position, and here they
stayed.
Half way through the Barricourt Woods the Second Battalion
passed through the Third Battalion and took up the attack. This
Story of the Machine Gun Company of the 353rd Infantry 245
left the Machine Gun Company in support. The night of November
1-2 was spent in the Barricourt Woods. At 4 a. m. November 2nd
the company moved to the northern edge of the woods and made
ready to attack with the Second Battalion. The attack was delayed,
but when it was resumed the Machine Gun Company went over with
the Third Battalion in support of the assaulting waves. The attack
was unsupported by artillery and this time the company encountered
the stiffest machine gun fire it had ever faced. From 3 p. m. until
11 p. m. the fighting continued fiercely. Just before midnight the
company "dug in" south of Tailly.
At this time Captain Postin was given command of the Third
Battalion and Lieutenant Husted placed in command of the Machine
Gun Company. The following day was the first in many that the
men felt free from hunger. Toward evening the regimental train ar-
rived and with it the train of the Machine Gun Company. Reserve
rations were almost exhausted. Morale went up several degrees when
the cooks provided the first cooked meal since October 31st. No
one worried about the enemy aeroplanes which constantly visited
the regimental positions. During the day, the men raided old Ger-
man dugouts. Some of the comforts left by the fleeing foe were
utilized in making comfortable bunks. Everyone settled down for a
good sleep, the first undisturbed rest in weeks.
At midnight orders came to report to the divisional machine gun
officer in Tailly. Lieutenant Husted preceded the company into the
town. By the time the men arrived he had learned that the company
was to assist in placing a machine gun barrage on the town of Beau-
fort. This town was to be attacked by the 178th Brigade on the
morning of November 4th. From Tailly the company went to Tailly
Woods south of Beaufort, took up barrage positions, and prepared to
go into action on receipt of the fire orders.
Shortly before 8 a. m. the movement of other troops in the vicin-
ity attracted the attention of two German batteries. As a result the
Machine Gun Company sustained a severe bombardment for nearly
an hour. Artillery is the machine gunners' enemy and this shelling
was exceptionally disastrous. Pvt. Louis Munson was blown to
pieces by a shell which exploded in the hole in which he was lying
beside his machine gun. Corpl. Arthur C. Berquist, acting section
sergeant, and Pvt. Walter R. Lindstrom, died of wounds received at
this time. Corpl. Arch Wilson, Pvt. James W. Thompson, Pvt. Char-
ley P. Smith, and Pvt. Roy E. Bennett were less seriously wounded.
Acting Sergt. Juss Anderson was evacuated with gas burns. The
company had to take this punishment without a return shot.
Instead of an order to open the barrage, an order came to with-
draw from this position and to report to the commanding officer of
the 340th Machine Gun Battalion in Beauclair three kilometers away.
From Beauclair the company moved with the 340th to the woods west
of Laneuville on the Meuse River, reaching its position above the
town early November 5th. The enemy evacuated the town before the
company arrived and the barrage was not fired. Once more the mer
246 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
were without reserve rations and desperately tired. The kitchen
crew saved the day with a hot meal.
November 5th at 4 : 30 p. m., the company was directed to take up
a position south of the Meuse River, opposite Pouilly. The men
marched a full twenty-four hours through a dense forest, across coun-
try, in fog and darkness to reach this position. Upon arrival, the
guns were gotten into readiness for firing across the Meuse River
into the town of Pouilly. From time to time during the next three
days harrassing fire was placed on this town and on other targets
across the Meuse.
The afternoon of November 10th plans for a barrage on targets
across the river to support an infantry attack were announced.
Considerable change of position was effected over obscure trails in
the dark under heavy shell fire. Nevertheless, the company moved,
brought up food and ammunition. There was no question but that
we were fighting the war to our finish.
Just before dawn on the morning of November 11th orders re-
quired the company to report at once to our own regimental com-
mander in Laneuville. The march of ten kilometers began at 5 a. m.
During all this time the company had not received the slightest inti-
mation that an armistice was pending. Its announcement by a
signalman met on the way to Laneuville was greeted with jeers. The
lineman was dubbed a liar and a few other things by the men who
thought the war would never end.
When the three officers and one hundred and twenty-five enlisted
men who were left in the company arrived in Laneuville, it Was of-
ficially announced that an armistice would go into effect at 11 a. m.
No one cheered. That would have required physical effort. What
little energy remained in the outfit was expended in locating a place
to rest. The good news was simply taken as a matter of fact and dis-
missed in favor of sleep.
From Laneuville the company crossed the Meuse and entered
Stenay November 12th. Still exhausted and weak from the long
grind of combat, the company needed the rest it received in Stenay.
The company stayed there four days.
Leaving Stenay November 16th the organization went to Margut,
France, to guard a large quantity of war materials' abandoned by the
enemy in his retreat. The company remained in Margut eight days.
During this period the 89th Division was assigned to the Army of
Occupation, and on November 24th the march into Germany began.
CHAPTER XXXI.
Story of the Supply Company
It pleases a few men of the other fourteen companies in the Regi-
ment to call the Supply Company the "S. O. S" troops. In the A. £.
F. the letters "S. O. S." stand for "Service of Supply." In render-
ing service and keeping supplies moving to the front, despite seem-
ingly insurmountable difficulties, the Supply Company modestly
acknowledges that it has been very much on the job, but if the
"S. O. S." title is meant to imply that this company functioned in
"Safety or Security" then the mule-skinners, the ration details, the
truck details, simply smile to themselves. They know differently.
The supply company was never fully equipped to do business
until after reaching Germany. No one was to blame unless it was
Ludendorf who insisted on pulling off his 1918 offensive so rapidly
that American divisions had to be thrown into the line as soon as
they were in any kind of shape to perform. And American men had
to pay the price of national unpreparedness in the emergency, with
which the nation found itself confronted. They were expected to
function with such equipment as was available. Instead of Ameri-
can escort wagons we got French Fourgons hastily made from green
wood. In place of good draft horses, we got what the French could-
n't use, poor, weak, gaunted animals. Chauchats were issued instead
of Browning automatic rifles and so on down the line. But with
typical Yankee ingenuity, we proceeded to do the best we could
with what we had at hand.
Though short on equipment, the Supply Company was long on
everything else. Capt. William P. Piatt, better known as Capt.
"Bill" Piatt, organized the company for service. No regiment ever
boasted a finer bunch of mule-skinners. Their only regret was that
the "gaunted" French horses were not "Missouri canaries." To
them, a shelled road was only an invitation to show Fritz that he
couldn't stop a Kansas skinner from "getting there." In charge of
Transportation was Lieut. H. A. "Hood Farm" Brown, who
loved his nondescript draft animals with a love second only to his
Jersey cows back home. Next in order was Lieut. H. F. (Light)
Brown. He was the man who covered all tracks of the Supply Com-
pany and stuck to the last man through thick and thin down to
the last minute of its existence as a company. Then there was
Lieutenant Farris, he of the perfect 36 figure, who could talk a man
out of his last month's pay and did talk the quartermaster out of
many a truck load of supplies, to which we had only a potential
title. He did wonderful work in getting up the "chow." He did
not eat much himself but he had heard that others liked to eat so
he kept it coming. The three Battalion supply officers, Lieuten-
ants Smith, Dunn and Davis, rustled stuff by day for their battalions
and convoyed the trains to the front by night. Finally, commanding
248 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
the company "over there" was Captain Keim, the original "go-
getter."
The supply company's first real experience as a mobile unit
came in the St. Mihiel Offensive. Their orders were to remain at
Minorville until they received word from G-l to move. So far as
is known that word has not yet arrived. At noon, September 12th,
unwilling to remain back any longer, the whole outfit set sail to
find the boys up ahead and take them the necessary rations and
ammunitions. We said the whole outfit, we should have said all
except Wagoner Landel, who was missing. Later investigation
brought out that the thrill of the moment had been too much for
him and, instead of bringing his water cart to join the train, he
had tied his mule to a tree and gone over the top. The train got
through Limey all right and out on the reconstructed road across
"No Man's Land," toward Euvezin and then things happened. The
combat section at the head got through but in the darkness the rest
of the train became hopelessly involved in a traffic jam. The com-
bination of an almost impassable road and tired, balky animals
limited progress to a snail's pace until toward midnight when all
vehicles were ordered off the road by the corps commander to
make way for ammunition. Some spent the night under wagons
while others explored the German trenches and dugouts.
Dawn showed a pitiful spectacle. Wagons of every description
were scattered along the roadside, in the ditches or tangled up in
the barbed wire wherever they had been forced off the road. The
leading part of the train was allowed to proceed; the rest of it was
turned back by way of the Metz Road through Thiacourt. It was
while moving towards Thiacourt that a Major was asked if he knew
where the 353rd Infantry could be found.
"Hell, no," was his reply, "We can't keep up with them. You
had better start your train toward Metz. You will probably find
them there."
The train was assembled in Bouillonville and with this town as
a base, the supply company got into its war-time stride. Hot
"chow" was taken up every night to the boys holding the lines,
even though Lieutenant Davis had to take his train out into "No
Man's Land" and back through the lines to reach the Third Battal-
ion. Showers and delousers were put into operation and dean
clothes issued. In many respects, the regiment had to be re-equip-
ped. Most of the packs and surplus kits, left behind when the boys
went over the top, had been stolen. Even the light packs with
slickers and reserve rations had in most cases been abandoned in
the excitement of the chase. As soon as a Chauchat jammed, it
was left behind for the pioneers to salvage. Clothing had been torn
and ruined. When the line had stabilized again and the men were
"dug in " about Xammes, a rough inventory showed that there was
much work ahead for the supply company to get the regiment re-
equipped. The Division Quartermaster responded generously and
truck loads of clothing were sent up for distribution while equip-
Story of the Supply Company 249
merit of all kinds was drawn from the quartermaster and ordnance
officers.
The supply company conducted open house in Bouillonville
and fed all comers, no matter what hour of the day or night they
arrived. Mess Sergeant Dundon and Cooks Weaver, Koons, Hol-
combe, and Heatherington met the situation to the satisfaction and
admiration of all. The big soup kitchen captured from the Boche
came in handy during the emergency. A "chow" line of three or
four hundred was nothing unusual. Regardless of shells, they kept
on turning out the "chow" day and night.
The regiment moved to the Beney sector and the company suf-
fered its first casualties. Three wagoners were wounded while
driving through Beney. On these drives, the wagoners showed
their fine esprit de corps. There was an especially bad stretch of
road, almost constantly under shell-fire, just before the road dipped
over the hill and curved down to Bouillonville. Each night after
the wagoners had passed this bad stretch, they would stop around
the bend till all had safely passed before they would start for home.
Meanwhile, life in Bouillonville was not exciting except that 10
inch shells from the Metz forts kept coming nearer and nearer down
the valley from Thiacourt and the "G. I. cans" from the artillery
behind the German lines were almost bounding off the edge of the
bluff and somebody was always taking the joy out of life each
night with two or three fake gas-alarms. In the night of Septem-
ber 25th, General Winn ordered the train to Euvezin as the Argonne
offensive was to start that night and heavy counter battery fire
was expected. For a few days the company operated from the hills
outside Euvezin and when the regiment took over the St. Ben o it
Supply Company P. C. in Nonsabd Woods.
250 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
sector the supply company moved into the Nonsard Woods in rear
The men found quarters here, fitted up like a summer resort. The
Germans vacated so hastily that they had not had time to destroy
the buildings. Comfortable barracks, commodious stables, plenty
of stoves and "beausoup" coal were a welcome change after fox-
holes on the side of a hill. Here the company had the honor of
entertaining Mrs. Fitzgerald and Miss Hermance, the gamest wearers
of the Y. M. C. A. triangle in the A. E. F.
On October 7th, the 89th Division was relieved by the 37th Div-
ision and the supply company with the rest of the Regiment with-
drew to the rear, concentrating around Corneiville. This move was
made on one of the darkest nights ever known. The only way in
which the road through the woods could be distinguished was the
slight break in the trees ahead.
From Corneiville the Regiment was transported by truck train
to its new sector on the Argonne front while the supply train
covered the distance in three long night marches. On the road
from 5 p. m. till 5 a. m. and traveling over all kinds of roads — these
were the longest nights the members of the supply company can
remember. Incidents were plentiful which though humorous when
viewed in retrospect were very trying at the time. While passing
a long truck convoy, the train was held up for a couple of hours.
Everyone assumed that one of the trucks had broken down and
blocked the road but it was later discovered that a "frog" driver
had suddenly decided to call it a day and parked his truck in such
a way as to block all passage on the road. He had retired to the
hillside to take a little slumber. What happened to his truck is a
supply company secret. Later in the same night, Private Howe's
mules, while climbing a rise in the ground, suddenly turned off at
right angles and, forgetting all their military discipline, went A.
W. O. L. over the side of the bank, depositing wagon and all in
the turnip patch at the bottom. Miraculously, the wagon landed
right side up. Private Howe still insists that he was not asleep.
Be that as it may, Wag. Wright came to the rescue with the old
reliable "Dewey" and "Kate" and soon had the wagon snaked back
to the road. After a day and night near Brocourt, the train
advanced with the Regiment to its position in reserve at Ecles-
Fontaine.
Ecles Fontaine, a typical bleak hillside of northern France, was
used by the company as a base of operations till the night before
the final drive. In most places the mud was not over a foot deep
and that, combined with the fact that the sun was almost as much
of a stranger as a fighting American aviator, led certain facetious
ones to name it "Sunny France." The chief recreation was betting
how long an American observation balloon would remain up before
it was shot down by a Boche aviator. The man who allowed it
more than a couple of hours usually lost money. On several oc-
casions the famous Richthofen Circus was seen in operation and
everyone had to hand it to the Boche on his work in the air.
Story of the Supply Company 251
Here again the equipment of the Regiment was checked and the
shortages filled. The great difficulty was with shoes. Complaint
seemed to be general on this score throughout the entire A. £. F.
But the tireless work of Mechanic Dawson and his squad of cobblers
solved this problem for the 353rd Infantry. At Manonville, at
Bouillonville, at Nonsard, as soon as the regimental dump was es-
tablished, they would gather up all the salvaged shoes they could
find, repair them, and soak them well with dubbin. And each time
the dump was moved, there were sacks or shoes ready for issue.
When the chance came at Ecles Fontaine to re-equip the men, many
a one owed his sound, water-proof pair to the splendid work of the
regimental cobblers.
It was becoming increasingly difficult to maintain the trans-
portation, upon which everything was so dependent. There were
only enough animals to equip a few of the vehicles with 4-line
teams. Rapid advance, the heavy wagons, the terrible roads, and
the shortage and irregularity of forage made the maintenance of
animals a tremendous problem. Shell-fire, too, caused severe losses.
Rarely a night but what some animal would come back wounded.
The "skinners" gave their best in time and attention to their teams.
Once when forage was scarce, the men were all formed up in "chow
line when the hay came in. Without a murmur, every "skinner
gave up his place in the line and hurried to feed his team before
he got his own "chow." That was the spirit that kept the 353rd In-
fantry train always functioning when it seemed that it could not
be done. And no matter what hour of the day or night the rations
came in, the ration detail would immediately get busy with unload-
ing, distribution, and reloading so that the front line might be
kept supplied with the sinews of war.
In the night of October 31st, the entire train and company
moved up to the Romagne Woods around the Regimental P. C. in
order to be in the lead as soon as the roads were thrown open. The
combat train moved on to Remonville at noon of November 1st, and
the balance of the train followed the next morning.
The night of November 2nd will never be forgotten by anyone in
the supply company. Camped about an old spring house just south
of Remonville (while the rest of the trains in the division were back
around Gesnes), the night had just fallen and everyone was burrow-
ing in his fox-hole trying to find a safe and comfortable position for
sleep when the storm descended. A battery of 210's later discovered
at Les Tuilleres Farm had registered on the spring house and pro-
ceeded to send over their supply of shells before they retreated. For
a few minutes, shells were exploding on all sides and in the air above.
During a lull Lieutenants Smith and Davis precipitately abandoned
the spring house which they had selected as a boudoir. They did
not wait to find such unnecessary articles as shoes. Meanwhile
Sergeant Burns was proving himself a wonderful cross-country run-
ner. Hedges, ditches, shell holes, and hills failed to check his won-
derful burst of speed, but try as he would, he could not shake off
Sergeant Shurtz who was just a stride behind him. Sergeant Edwards
252 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
had always claimed that he could not see in the dark, but on this
occasion he saw his way clear to leave the spring house area well be-
hind him. A shell exploded close to the hole occupied by Lichty
and Kuchem. Its fumes entering the dugout convinced the occupants
that they were about to be gassed; but they spurned their gas masks,
pulled the blankets over their heads, and prepared for the worst.
Horseshoers Westfall, Coop, and Belch remain convinced that they
are the special favorites of Providence. A shell burrowed right
under their hole but it was a dud. When the party was over, it was
found that despite Fritz's extravagant expenditure of ammunition not
a man had been touched and only one horse was wounded, though
some of the wagons were riddled by shell fragments.
The next day (November 3rd) the train moved on to Les Tuilleres
Farm in two sections in order to give every wagon a four-line team.
The road was bad, especially north of Andevanne. No repairs had
been made on a part of this road which had been both mined and
shelled. But the "skinners," nothing daunted, turned engineers and
built enough road to get their wagons past. The second section,
however, coming over the road at night in a severe rain storm, had
extreme difficulty on this stretch of road. Private Ufford's team
pulled a little aside; before he knew it, wagon, team, and all were in
a big shell hole full of water. Driver and horses narrowly escaped
drowning. A cheerless night was spent at Les Tuilleres Farm and
the following day (November 4th) advance was made to Tailly. For
two days, the company camped just outside the chateau, which was
used as Division Headquarters. On November 6th the company
moved up into the woods near the cross-roads on the Beauclair-
Laneuville road, and remained here under constant shell-fire until
the company was ordered by the brigade commander to withdraw
behind the Beauclair-Nouart line. The camp near the junction of the
Beauclair-Tailly and Beauclair-Nouart roads continued to be the
base of operations until November 11th, when the armistice brought
hostilities to a close.
Since the opening of the final phase of the offensive on November
1st, the company had maintained its name under very heavy diffi-
culties. The roads were in a terrible condition, congestion was
acute, and, on account of the rapid advance, the bases of supply
were constantly changing. But in spite of labor and loss of sleep
involved, the supply company of the 353rd Infantry kept a steady
supply of "chow" moving up to the lines.
The work of the supply company was not spectacular. From its
very nature it never could be so. But the doughboys all recognize
the "skinner" as his "buddie" because he nightly risked his life on
roads raked by enemy artillery and often drenched with gas, roads
so torn up that only a master hand could guide a wagon over it in
daylight, let alone in pitchy blackness with shells bursting all around.
He did this that the doughboy might not go hungry and that he might
be always supplied with ammunition. No gamer bunch of men wore
the O. D. than the "skinners" of the 353rd Infantry.
CHAPTER XXXII
Medical Detachment
The personnel of the Medical Detachment approximated fifty-
six enlisted men, seven surgeons, and the chaplain. This person-
nel was subdivided into a detail for Regimental Headquarters and
a separate detail for each of the three battalions. One surgeon and
five enlisted men (one driving the medical cart) with two first-
aid men attached to each company made up a battalion detail. In
addition to this personnel of the Medical Detachment six men from
each of the line companies acted as litter bearers. First Lieut. W.
A. Beckemeyer was in charge until about the time of leaving Camp
Funston.
During the training and organization period in Camp Funston,
the entire detachment continued to live together in the Regi-
mental Infirmary. The men did nearly all of their work in this
same building. Separate details did not serve their own special or-
ganization but all co-operated under the direct supervision of the
regimental surgeon.
From the very first day in Camp Funston, the "medics" were a
busy lot. As soon as a rookie could get his cold shower, usually with-
in a few minutes after arrival in camp, he fell into line for his first
inspection at the hands of the "medics." Men who had been used
to consultation with the family physician back home were sur-
prised at their first experience with these new army surgeons and
their assistants. They seemed to lack all sense of modesty or even
of respect. Every rookie looked alike to the "medics." In fact,
these "medics" did not appear to be interested in men as men but
in the various parts and organs of man. As the sons of Adam passed
along in line, a clerk took their names. Without looking into his
victim's face the surgeon commanded, "Say ah." And thus the ex-
amination continued to the man's very toes. Hundreds must go
through the same process; there was no time for private practice
or special consideration.
But this impersonal attitude on the part of the "medics" was
quite necessary in the early days of training. It was a part of train-
ing that might well be classed under the head of discipline. Many
a man felt at the end of the first strenuous week that he was af-
flicted with all the diseases ever advertised and in a few cases the
strain of military activity did develop latent weaknesses, of which
the men themselves had been unaware. It was not unusual for a
man to report on sick call, convinced that he was physically
-wrecked and ruined only to be advised at the the Infirmary, "Get
a larger pair of shoes," or "Take these O. D.'s." And when he re-
turned to his barracks he was notified that he had been marked
"Duty."
In spite of their hard-hearted and hard-boiled attitude the men
of the 353rd Infantry loved their comrades in the medical detach-
254 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
ment. There was no doubt about it. A more vigilant and deter-
mined outfit never existed. They battled disease day and night.
Measles, mumps, and even meningitis, they kept in check and at the
same time kept most of the men on the drill field. Napoleon had
said that an army moved forward on its stomach, but these
"medics" insisted that an army lived on sanitation and they had
their way. The results of their care appeared in the general physical
improvement of the entire command and by the time final inspec-
tions were over in Camp Funston the men of the 353rd Infantry were
ready to go "over the top."
With the arrival in France came the separation of the medical
detachment into its various details. While the different battalions
were having intensive training in the Reynal Area, the men of the
medical detachment were also busy preparing for their part in the
future service and at the same time looking after the physical wel-
fare of their respective battalions.
The first taste of the real thing came on August 31st in the Lucey
sector when a hostile raiding party attempted to clean up an "L"
Company platoon along the Metz road. This instance brought to the
men of the medical detachment their first experience in delivering
first-aid under fire. It was mostly the enemy w T ho needed attention.
They were prisoners, but in friend or foe, suffering must be relieved.
This experience lasted only a few minutes yet the conduct of the
first-aid men gave full assurance of future service.
The initial test of efficiency, however, came in the St. Mihiel Of-
fensive and the following days of exploitation and consolidation of
positions. Each detail had its test during the regiment's hundred
days at the front. But, since the Third Battalion led on to the final
objective of the offensive, the first real ordeal fell to the lot of the
medical men with that battalion.
During the advance a first-aid station was established in the Eu-
vezin Woods. Both the First and Third Battalion details used this
station for a time, but as the drive progressed the Third Battalion
detail followed the advancing troops up closely to the fifth objective.
Orders came at about dusk on the evening of September 12th to ad-
vance to Xammes. Captain Albright established his aid station in a
shell-hole on the new line. Wounded were brought in from the
Third Battalion and also from the troops on the left . Captain Al-
bright and his men with fearless disregard for their own safety went
out and brought the wounded to the aid station. Better shelter was
imperative, and though the town of Xammes was a point of registra-
tion for German artillery, the aid station was promptly transferred
to a cellar along its main street. Major O'Donnell established a Regi-
mental aid station here also. Private Brown collected bedding from
various buildings. The cook took charge of two goats and a hundred
rabbits left by the Germans. Chaplain Gray measured out the stock
of liquid first-aid. During the following eight days German artillery
almost battered Xammes to the ground, but men of the medical de-
Medical Detachment 255
(achment stuck to their aid station. Whenever a bursting shell
found a human target, the nearest "medic" would make his way
across the field, administer first aid, help his man to the aid station
or ambulance, and return again to the fox-hole to await the next call.
Within an hour, twenty-eight men had been evacuated during the
first morning on the line. Work of the medical men was heavy
everywhere, but in this particular area danger was added to diffi-
culty. Heroic action here set the standard for the entire medical de-
tachment in future campaigns.
Even more trying days were ahead for the "medics" who were
with the First Battalion when the 353rd Infantry moved to the Meuse-
First Aid Station on the Romagne Road.
Argon ne offensive. The Germans began to drop shells on the col-
umns as they advanced to their positions in the Bantheville Woods.
Dead and wounded along the route told their devilish accuracy. It
was dark and rainy. Many wounded crawled into the underbrush to
escape further injury. It was difficult to find them and even more
difficult to administer first aid. Throughout the night until three
o'clock, the First Battalion Medical detail followed along the path.
When the troops reached their positions, a first-aid station was es-
tablished on a dirt road leading south to the Romagne Road, some
six kilometers behind the front line. Litter bearers carried the
wounded over the muddy, shell-torn path to the rear. The Germans
added gas to their tortuous bombardment. Lieutenant Fox held on
to his aid station until everyone of his assistants had been evacuated
and he himself was blinded. Practically the whole First Battalion
256 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
detail had become casualties in their efforts to serve the men of th<
battalion. Capt. Benjamin Crawford, dental officer, succeeded Ga]
tain Fox and accompanied the battalion in the Meuse-Argonne drr
of November 1st and continued in charge of the detail until after
armistice.
Captain Albright now acted as regimental surgeon, and when
day for the final drive in the Meuse-Argonne offensive arrived, Lieuj
Shirley F. Boyce was the only other physician left on the regimenl
staff. First Lieut. Lloyd R. Boutwell took charge of the Third Bal
talion detail, and Lieutenant Boyce continued with the Second Bal
talion detail.
On the night of the 31st of October, Lieutenant Boyce establishes
his first-aid station in the very edge of Bantheville Woods. Approxi-
mately one hundred and fifty men were wounded by shell fire dur-2
ing the night. Privates Steubinger and Scott remained in the Ban-
theville aid station until noon to give them attention. Hardly had
the drive begun on the morning of November 1st when the wounded F*- -i
came back in groups. Lieutenant Boyce and the rest of his detail'
followed the advancing battalion; by noon they had tagged 287 men. ,
During the morning of November 2nd Lieutenant Boyce established 4
his aid station in the edge of Barricourt Woods. Lieutenant Bout-Ji
well with the Third Battalion detail joined forces with the Second]
Battalion detail. The drive began at about one o'clock. Leading!
companies suffered approximately forty casualties each in getting]
out of the woods. Nearly all of the wounds were from machine gun
bullets. It was rainy and cold. Canteens were empty and the men
had been living on reserve rations. In spite of parched lips and
wounds, everyone was cheerful. All hands were needed to relieve
the suffering. German prisoners were impressed into the service as
litter bearers. From the beginning of the drive at 1 p. m. November
2nd until the following morning without let-up, the "medics" ad-
ministered first-aid and evacuated the wounded. It was a trying
- — ordeal but once more the men of the medical detachment proved
themseTvesJpyal comrades of the fighting men.
Long servicFln the line now began to tell on the vitality .of the ^
men in the regiment. Sickness increased. Day and night medical
men were on duty nor were they beyond danger. On November 8th ^
Lieutenant Boutwell was struck by a fragment of a bursting shell
while he was attending a wounded man. Although mortally wound-
ed himself, he calmly continued his work until the last dressing was
on, then fell unconscious. He died in a hospital a short time later.
This was the spirit of service on the part of the men of the Medical
Detachment of the 353rd Infantry.
Official Report on St. Mihiel Offensive, September 12, 1918.
By Col. James H. Reeves
(a) The 353rd Infantry, in the plan of battle, occupied the ex-
treme right of the 89th Division sector, connecting with the Second
Division on our right. It was formed for the purpose of driving
through the enemy's position and protecting the left of the Second
Division in its drive. The regiment was widely separated, at the
beginning, from the 178th Brigade, which composed the rest of the
attacking forces of the division, the entire 354th Infantry being in
reserve.
Mort Mare Woods, which interposed between the 353rd Infantry
and the 178th Brigade, was some two and one-half kilometers wide
at the place where the 178th Brigade and 353rd Infantry entered the
enemy's lines — that is, the portion of the woods separating the two
forces was two and one-half kilometers wide. This made the pro-
tection of the left flank of the 353rd Infantry, a very delicate
mission, one difficult to execute. The 353rd Infantry also had the
mission of mopping up Mort Mare Woods for practically the entire
distance of two and one-half kilometers. Having passed beyond the
Mort Mare Woods it was also to mop up the Euvezin Woods, along
the west edge of the same, to prevent the line of the 178th Brigade
on their advance being enfiladed by enemy machine gunners located
in the west edge of the Euvezin Woods.
(b) The terrain through which the 353rd Infantry was to pass
was, for the most part, heavily wooded, interspersed with open
spaces. It was also quite rolling. This terrain had been occupied
by the Germans for four years and was supposed to be largely a mass
of barbed wire entanglements and entrenchments. It was found that
our maps of the same were very accurate as to the delineations of
German trenches and wire entanglements.
(c) For the purpose of penetrating the position, there were only
two battalions of the Regiment available, the Second and Third, as
the First Battalion furnished three companies for mopping nip the
Mort Mare Woods and one company for combat liaison with the Sec-
ond Division.
The battalions were formed each in two echelons, two companies
in each echelon, at a distance of about 500 meters, and the distance
between battalions being about 1000 meters. "B" Company of the
First Battalion was to move forward on the left of the first echelon
of the Second or leading battalion. "D" Company moved forward
abreast of the second echelon, while "C" Company was to move for-
ward abreast of the first echelon of Third or rear battalion. As stated
above, "A" Company was detailed to furnish the combat liaison with
the Second Division, and was divided into two parts of two platoons
each, one machine gun platoon to each half company. These combat
liaison groups were placed, the first, to the right rear of the first
echelon of the leading battalion, and the second, to the right rear of
258 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
the first echelon of the Third Battalion. One machine gun company,
353rd Infantry, was detailed to accompany the leading battalion, and
"B" Company of the 341st Machine Gun Battalion was expected to
accompany the Third Battalion. This machine gun company was
to join in the barrage and afterwards overtake the Third Battalion
on the fifth objective, after the battalion had been there for two
or three hours.
(d) In light of the results obtained, the formation adopted by
the Regiment appears to have been almost perfect. I do not see how
any change would have rendered the adaptability of the Regiment
more suitable for the work it had to perform.
(e) The formation of two battalions, each in two echelons, gave
the required depth for reinforcement if it became necessary for
driving through or for resisting counter attack if the same had been
made upon us. The three companies of the 1st Battalion "stepped"
or echeloned on the left of the Regiment, gave a strong covering
force which, if it had been unsuccessful in its mission of mopping
up the woods, would still have protected the flank of the Regiment
and covered its passage. The formation proved very pliable, and it
is believed that the commanding officers of Companies "B," "D" and
"C" are worthy of great praise for the skill and ability with which
they handled these three companies, not allowing them to become
involved with the main part of the Regiment nor yet to become very
much intermixed, one company with another. They kept their
places in the column almost perfectly, and succeeded in reaching
the western edge of Bois de Euvezin in ample time to protect the
passage of the 178th Brigade across the open space over which it
advanced to the attack of its third objective. These three companies
had been given a forming-up place, after reaching which they were
directed to follow or join the Brigade reserve. As a matter of fact,
they reached their assembly place, formed up and came out in rear
of the 3rd battalion in the position of a Regimental reserve and
ahead of the Brigade reserve.
(f) The main weapons used were the infantry rifle and the
hand grenade, in conjunction with the machine guns of the company
attached to the 2nd or leading battalion. I saw very little use made
of rifle grenades, very little of automatic rifles, and little or nothing
was accomplished by either the one-pounders or the Stokes mor-
tars. Each of the last mentioned special weapons fired a few shots,
but there is reason to believe that some of the shots of the Stokes,
as usual, fell short and injured our own men. The arms were com-
bined by the machine gun playing direct fire upon a machine gun
nest or other position of resistance, while the infantryman with his
rifle worked to the flanks, and once having reached the rear, the
occupants of the pill boxes were quickly dispatched either with
rifle fire or with hand grenades.
Special attention is invited to the expedients adopted by the
Commanding Officer, Machine Gun Company, 353rd Infantry, to in-
crease the mobility of his weapons. Special report will be sub-
Official Report on St. Mihiel Offensive 259
mitted by him and forwarded, describing the expedients adopted.
He appears to have solved the problem of mobility of machine guns,
enabling them to keep up with the infantry, for his machine gun
company accompanied the infantry all day and the advance was
very rapid. So far as I know, it was the only machine gun company
that was able to keep up with the pace of the infantry.
(g) The artillery support, so far as preparation of the ground
and the placing of a barrage on various objectives, was excellent.
Some difficulties were experienced by the barrage rolling back and
forth between objectives. This was in a measure due to the lateness
with which the artillery plan was promulgated and the impossibility
of having it understood by even the company commanders, much
less platoon commanders. They did not realize that the barrage
would jump from one objective to the next, roil back near the ob-
jective on which the infantry was and again roll forward in advance
of the infantry, so on two or more occasions the infantry found
itself within our own barrage, but few or no casualties were sus-
tained on account of that. On at least two of the objectives the in-
fantry had to wait for ten or twenty minutes for the barrage to lift,
as the infantry pace was ahead of schedule time.
As to the use of company guns, nothing was seen of them at all
throughout the day.
(h) The only obstacles met were wire entanglements and thick
woods. The entanglements were easily disposed of by wire cutters
if the cutting party was not caught directly in front of a machine
gun nest. The men forced a passage through the thick woods, hold-
ing in an almost marvelous manner the lines of direction of the at-
tack.
(i) It had originally been intended for the 3rd battalion to pass
the lines of the 2nd on the third objective, and Commanding Officer
3rd battalion had notified Commanding Officer 2nd battalion that
he would be in formation and pass his lines within thirty minutes
from the time of this notification. I came up and found the 2nd
battalion formed up in excellent line, a little too thick, and ap-
proaching from the rear in excellent extended order of combat
groups, came the 3rd battalion ready to execute passage of the lines.
Fearing that the 2nd battalion had not penetrated the entire depth
of the third objective, as the battalion was then waiting at the south
edge of Bois du Beau Vallon, I directed Captain Peatross to make
sure of this objective before his lines were passed by the 3rd bat-
talion. This caused him to press forward into the woods, which
were so thick and heavy that a passage of the lines could not be
executed within the woods, and he had to carry forward to the
fourth objective, when the lines were passed by the 3rd battalion and
the attack on the fifth objective made by the 3rd battalion leading,
followed by the 2nd battalion in artillery formation of combat
groups. Passage of the lines at this point was not as clear-cut and
distinct as it would have been had it occurred on the south edge of
Bois du Beau Vallon when both battalion commanders were ready
for it.
260 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
(j) As mentioned above, attacks of machine gun nests, strong
points and centers of resistance were made by a few riflemen or a
machine gun or two bringing fire upon them from the front, and
men, twos and threes, widely dispersed, turning the flanks and
cleaning them out from the rear. The men showed natural aptitude
for this and it is believed it was very successfully done. Not many
losses were sustained from machine gun nests after the first wires
and first two trenches of the German position had been passed. It
would have been still more successfully accomplished had our ar-
rangements for cutting the initial wire or the artillery preparation
on this wire been more effective.
(k) As the German position consisted of two or more lines,
strongly entrenched and covered with barbed wire, it cannot be
said that there was much of an intermediate zone until after the
passage of the third objective. However, this work was carried
on practically by section and squad leaders receiving general im-
pulse or direction from platoon and company commanders, but
each squad or section developing its own problem. In advance
through thick woods there was more or less a thin skirmish line
formed in order to keep contact, until an obstacle was struck, when
the men quickly drifted into groups around their respective leaders.
(1) Due to circumstances which need not be dwelt upon here,
the attack practically ceased at the end of the first phase, which
was on the banks of the Rupt de Mad south of Bouillon ville. It is
true that parts of three companies (in strength practically two
companies) crossed the river, cleared out Bouillon ville and advanced
to the high ground, one kilometer beyond, but as no other unit
seemed to have any intention of crossing the river, they returned
to the south side. I did not know of this movement until after their
return to the south side.
Our fifth objective having been reached, preparations were in-
stantly commenced to hold this conquered ground, and it is believed
that in this work the officers and men showed the finest effects of
discipline and training that were shown in any part of the day's
work.
The third battalion, having swept forward and captured the fifth
objective, immediately threw out small covering outposts and strong
flank guards, as no other organizations were up, and commenced
"digging in/' The 2nd battalion, which had been halted some 700
yards in the rear and not allowed to become entangled with the 3rd,
started "digging in" on this line. In the meantime, the 1st battalion,
or at least three companies of it, (on the left of the Regiment) having
completed its work in the woods, came out of the north edge of Bois
du Beau Vallon, formed a third line some 500 yards in rear of the
second line and started entrenching. Company "B" of the Machine
Gun Battalion now finally arrived and was ordered to place six guns
in conjunction with a platoon of "B" Company, 353rd Infantry,
(Company "A" not having arrived at this time) well to our right
flank opposite the second line, as the 2nd Division moving to the
Official Report on St. Mihiel Offensive 261
attack of Thiacourt or else our being on a too narrow front, left a
wide interval of half mile or more on our right flank. The remain-
der of "B" Company, 341st Machine Gun Battalion, was directed to
join the 3rd Battalion on the fifth objective and relieve the machine
gun company of the 353rd Infantry. This latter company had kept
up with the advance of the 2nd battalion to the fourth objective, and
as Company "B" of the Machine Gun Battalion had not arrived it was
forced to carry on with the 3rd battalion after the passage of the
lines and did accompany the 3rd battalion to the fifth objective.
(m) Liaison with the 2nd Division on our right was excellent
and maintained throughout the engagement. No contact appears to
have been made with the 178th Brigade on our left and liaison with
them was not established until some hours after the 3rd battalion
was on the fifth objective.
The aircraft were over us a great part of the time and did a cer-
tain amount of signaling, and a certain amount, rather small, I fear,
was done by the infantrymen. This latter was due to a scarcity of
panels and rockets to some degree, but more especially to the Plan
of Liaison signals being changed at almost the last moment, and it
being impossible to get it explained to the platoon leaders much less
the men themselves. A short while before the 2nd battalion went
over the top it was noted that four company commanders were pres-
ent in P. C. of the Regimental Commander and were earnestly en-
gaged in trying to get an understanding of the signals to be used
and the meaning of them. Several times during the engagement,
when the barrage seemed to be falling short, signals were made for
lengthening the barrage or signal "Our own artillery is firing upon
us" was made, but, so far as is known, was not observed at the rear
and was not effective.
Summary
The formation adopted and the means at hand proved adequate
for overcoming the resistance met. Had the enemy chosen to occupy
his works in stronger force and offered a stiffer resistance, it is be-
lieved that our lack of time for thorough consideration of orders
and study of maps would have cost us severely. It is believed that
in serious operations of this kind all orders should be gotten out in
ample time for every platoon commander to have a thorough under-
standing of them. At least in so far as they affect the work he has
to do, and also time for a thorough study of the map.
We were short the necessary number of satisfactory maps for
issue to all the officers.
After the summaries of information on enemy terrain and de-
fenses of the same had been issued, it was impossible for anyone
other than battalion commanders to even give them a cursory read-
ing. Prior to the engagement the Regiment was widely separated
over the eastern half of the Lucey sector.
262 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
The reliefs which were to have been made by troops of the Sec-
ond Division on the nights 10-9, 10-11, and 11-12 September were
only carried out in very small part. For instance, "B" Company
was never relieved of its position in the trenches in advance of the
Metz Road, and whereas its position should have been on the left
of the first echelon of the leading battalion, it found itself holding
a portion of the trenches in scattered groups on the right of that
battalion when the time arrived for going over the top. The Com-
manding Officer of this company, with considerable skill, had each
group cut its way straight to the front through our own wire and
then moved across in rear of the first echelon of the leading battal-
ion and finally reached his place on the left.
(Signed) JAMES H. REEVES
Col. 353rd Infantry
Headquarters 353rd Infantry, A. E. F.
September 19, 1918.
Official Report on Meuse-Argonne Offensive, Nov. 1 and 2, 1918
By Col. James H. Reeves
Operations November 1st.
This Regiment (353rd Infantry) occupied the right sector of
the division. Formation for this offensive was column of battalions.
Third Battalion being the assault battalion; Second Battalion being
in support at distance of 1000 meters between the f of ward elements
of the assault battalion and leading elements of the support battalion.
The First Battalion was designated as Brigade Reserve, and followed
the Second Battalion at a distance of 1000 meters. The Machine
Gun Company, 353rd Infantry, was designated to accompany the
Third Battalion; Company "C", 341st Machine Gun Battalion was
designated to accompany the Second Battalion. The 37 mm. platoon,
Stokes Mortar Platoon were designated to accompany the as-
sault battalion. The assault battalion was assigned a mission of
carrying forward to the second objective where a passage of the
lines was to take place, the Second Battalion was to carry forward
to and occupy the Third Objective, final objective of the first day.
On November 2nd, the Second Battalion remained in advance, the
Third Battalion in support and carried forward to that day's ob-
jective, which was the exploitation line of the first day. On the
first day each battalion successfully executed the mission assigned
it and arrived on its objectives approximately on scheduled time.
The First Battalion, Brigade Reserve was, on the night of the 1st
of November, "dug in" about 1000 meters in rear of the support bat-
talion. Its right was near the BOIS d' ANDEVANNE, and contact
with 90th Division was secured. Communication with support
Battalion and Regimental P. C. was maintained.
On the night of November 2nd, the first Battalion was in posi-
tion near the north edge of BOIS de BARRICOURT. Patrols were
kept out to the flanks especially to LES TUILEIRES Farm and the
north edge of BOIS de BARRICOURT was covered by patrols.
Company "D", of the First Battalion was directed to join a
company of the 90th Division, each company having one platoon
of Machine guns attached, and form a combat liaison detachment
between the two divisions. This mission was not successfully per-
formed the first day; the company to be detailed from the 90th Div-
ision did not report at the time and place designated, and in fact
so far as known was never on this duty. Due to the moving out in the
dark from dense woods, Company "D" became badly scattered and
the liaison between the two divisions was not maintained. On No-
vember 2nd, Company "D" successfully performed this mission. The
liaison between the two divisions was maintained throughout the
day. One platoon of Company "H", 353rd Infantry, with one ma-
chine gun and similar platoon and machine gun of the 354th In-
fantry, all under command of Lieutenant Cavenaugh, 353rd Infantry,
were designated to maintain combat liaison between the two regi-
264 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
ments in the attacking line. This mission was successfully per-
formed up to the second objective, and after pushing forward from
that objective through the dense woods, liaison was lost during the
night. It was established, however, on the 2nd and maintained to
the end of the operation.
The terrain passed over from the jump-off to the second objec-
tive was rolling, with sparse patches of woods, except where contact
with the 90th Division was to be maintained. This line passed
through dense woods and over considerable hills in the Bois d' An-
devanne. Immediately from the jump-off the ground sloped down
to the bottom of a considerable ravine in the Landres-Bantheville
Road. The ascent from this road was quite steep; from the top of
this rise, however, to the Bois de Barricourt the ground was more
gently rolling. The Bois de Barricourt is thick, tangled woods with
quite rough ground, rendering the problem of passing through very
difficult in day time and well nigh impossible at night to maintain
any formation, and establish contact with organizations on the right
or left. From the north of Bois de Barricourt to the final objective
running through Tailly the ground was sharply rolling with occa-
sionally patches of trees. The only place where the line was held
up by determined resistance of the Boche was on emerging from the
north edge of the Bois de Barricourt on the second day. At this
point the line was confronted with a very strong resistance of ma-
chine gun nests, which held up the line until the position was
flanked. At 10:03, 1st November, Companies "L" and "K" were held
up for 20 minutes by counter barrage at edge of Bois de Barricourt,
and along west edge of Bois d' Andevanne, but the advance was
soon recovered. At all other times the lines moved steadily for-
ward, and as stated above reached their objectives on scheduled
time.
Formations adopted were successful. They consisted of each
battalion being formed in two lines, two companies in each line,
each company in two waves, distance between battalions being 1000
meters. Depth of each battalion was between 600 and 800 meters.
The diamond formation of attack by combat groups, which had been
used in the St. Mihiel Salient, was used in this attack and was again
successful. Of course, in dense woods an approach to a very thin
skirmish line was taken. Upon meeting a point of resistance the
flank Chauchat groups of the diamond formation at once moved for-
ward and outward to encircle the point of resistance. The 37 mm.
guns and the Stokes mortars accompanied the assault battalion,
about 40 paces in rear, in position to move forward to the flank or
front as destructive fire was called for.
As heretofore, the main work was done by the infantry rifle. The
accompanying guns of the artillery came through the Bois de Ban-
theville and into position north of the Bantheville-Remonville Road,
but no effective service was rendered by them and they did not ad-
vance beyond this first position. Stokes mortars were used with
success on several different machine gun nests, but this use was lim-
Official Report on Meuse-Argonne Offensive 265
ited, due to the impossibility of keeping up the supply of ammuni-
tion. The amount taken forward by the carriers was used up by
us before the Second Objective was reached and no more could be
gotten up in time for the Third Objective. 37 mm. guns were used
with good effect on several targets that could be seen directly. These
guns fired 350 rounds during the day.
The attached gas troops took part in the preliminary bombard-
ment and barrage and assisted in making a dense smoke cloud,
which may have lessened the losses on the jump-off, but, on the
other hand, was a detriment, in that the battalion commander him-
self could only see the one platoon of the battalion that was in his
immediate vicinity. All the other platoons had to go forward under
the platoon leaders without being observed by the battalion com-
mander or their position being known by him. The gas troops did
not keep up and were not used at any time after the jump-off.
Machine Gun Company of the 353rd Infantry accompanied the
assault battalion to the Second Objective. There were a few in-
stances where it had an opportunity to fire, but the effect of the
same was doubtful. No discernible effect was produced by the over-
head machine gun fire of the companies in position or of the comp-
any assigned to the support battalion.
Hand and rifle grenades were used where opportunity offered.
There were very few instances of the use of hand grenades, but quite
a number of very effective use of the rifle grenades. In fact, the
individual soldier learned the value of the rifle grenade on this oc-
casion more than at any other time in which this Regiment has
been in action.
There was no close work with either the bayonet or trench knife.
No wire or other obstacles were encountered that formed any
hindrance to the movements of the troops.
Passage of the lines. This was accomplished by the 3rd Battalion
(assault battalion) halting on its objective and the 2nd passing
through without stopping. As this passage of lines took place in
the dense woods of Bois de Barricourt, the first wave of the 2nd
Battalion passed through more as a line than a line of columns,
though the other elements of the Battalion followed in line of col-
umns.
Points of resistance encountered were overcome by rifle and
automatic rifle bringing fire upon them from the front; also ma-
chine guns whenever it was possible. The points of resistance,
however, were captured by the flanking groups going around.
Liaison was maintained to the rear fairly well by the use of run-
ners, who at all times rendered yeoman service under trying con-
ditions. There was no liaison with the division on the right, but
liaison or touch was fairly well kept with the regiment on the left.
No assistance was received from the Signal Corps, so far as this
Regiment was concerned. After the 3rd Battalion had reached the
Second Objective, lines were run back by our own signal detach-
ment, and connected up with the Brigade at Remonville, but before
266 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
that it had been impossible to establish telephone connection, due
to the continuous forward movement of both Regimental and Bri-
gade Headquarters.
So far as known by me, no liaison was established with the air-
planes, visibility being such that they could not work.
The barrage was very effective. The troops followed it closely
enough to secure the advantage of it; the barrage was not called back
at any time on the 1st.
The maps furnished proved quite satisfactory.
No pigeons were used on the first day.
No hot food was secured by the troops on either the 1st or 2nd.
The supply of ammunition carried proved sufficient, but it was im-
possible to get the combat train beyond Remonville on either the
1st or 2nd.
Evacuation of the wounded was largely by the laborious carrier
system in force over 3-5 kilometers of rough or muddy ground.
German prisoners were largely employed as litter bearers. The am-
bulances were exceeding tardy in getting forward and only reached
the seriously wounded of the 2nd day's fight on the morning of 3rd
November. Due to the competent and careful attention, however,
of the medical officers and medical personnel, most of the ser-
iously wounded were saved, and all were ultimately successfully
evacuated even under the severest shelling.
Operation November 2, 1918.
On the afternoon of November 1, a heavy mist arose and dark-
ness came early, in fact, it became dark before the 2nd Battalion
had entirely reached the Third Objective. The Battalion halted for
the night in the north edge of the Bois de Barricourt and there was
some intermingling of the units of the different companies and lack
of communication between two of the companies and Battalion
Headquarters. In the early part of the night a message was received
that the operation would be resumed at 5:30 the morning of the 2nd,
that the barrage would be the same as on the 1st.
Telephone communication had previous to this been established
with the Commanding Officer, 2nd Battalion. He was at once called
for, but he had been slightly wounded during the day, was en-
tirely exhausted and had gone to sleep. The adjutant of the bat-
talion was directed to report to Regimental Headquarters, which
were with Battalion Headquarters, 3rd Battalion. He reported and
explained the situation with reference to the companies of the 2nd
Battalion. He was given instructions for the next morning's attack
and ordered to make every possible effort during the night to get the
companies up on the line in touch with each other and the battalion
re-formed for the attack.
Official Report on Meuse-Argonne Offensive 267
At 5:30 on the morning of the 2nd it still was so dark in the
woods that nothing could be seen, and the 2nd Battalion had not
been able to get its companies up in position and ready for the at-
tack at 5:30. I moved forward with the 3rd Battalion shortly after
this time and, upon getting forward, found that the 2nd Battalion
had not left the woods. Information to this effect was telephoned
the Brigade Commander and request made to have the barrage re-
peated at 9:00 o'clock. The matter was taken up with Division
Headquarters and I was informed that arrangements would be made
for a repetition of the barrage on the entire Division front and that
I would be notified later of the hour.
About 10:00 o'clock there was some firing by some of our artil-
lery but it was not discernible as a barrage. I had the Battalion
Commanders of the 2nd and 3rd Battalions both with me at my P.
C, and we waited until about 11:30 for notification of the hour
when the barrage would be repeated. In the meantime, telephone
communication with Brigade Headquarters had been cut several
times by shell fire and runners had to be depended upon entirely
to keep up the communication.
Some time after 11:30 word was received that the barrage had
been repeated at 10:00 o'clock. I then directed the Commanding
Officer, 2nd Battalion, to move forward to his attack on the day's
objective.
Earlier in the morning, in an effort to get the attack started at
5:30, two companies of the 3rd Battalion were sent forward to join
the 2nd Battalion and take the place of the two companies of that
Battalion whose position was not known. After we had been in-
formed that the barrage would be repeated and we would be noti-
fied of the hour, communication had been established with the two
companies and they were brought up and placed in position by
Commanding Officer, 2nd Battalion; and Commanding Officer, 3rd
Battalion, withdrew his two companies that had been pushed for-
ward in the front line.
Due to the dense woods and the necessity for all these move-
ments being executed in the woods, this re-arrangement of bat-
talions was not completed until after 12:30. At about this time
Commanding Officer, 2nd Battalion, sent word that he would move
to the attack at 12:55, preceded by a two minute machine gun bar-
rage from the Machine Gun Company attached to his battalion and
also the one attached to the 3rd Battalion. In this effort he was not
entirely successful, as the amount of machine gun fire brought the
enemy's position was negligible. However, at about 1:00 o'clock
he attempted to move from the woods against a strong line of ma-
chine gun nests in the open a few hundred yards from the woods
At first the effort was unsuccessful, as every man appearing from
the woods was either killed or wounded by machine gun fire. It
therefore became necessary to delay long enough to extend his
lines so as to completely outflank the line of machine gun nests
which were offering such a determined resistance. When this was
268 Regimental History 353rd Infantry
accomplished the entire line swept forward, overcame the line of
machine gun nests and then moved on to the day's objective, which
was the Exploitation Line of the previous day; being followed by
the 3rd Battalion in support; the 1st Battalion moving up to near
the northern edge of Bois de Barricourt.
In this second day's fight a great deal more use was made of
automatic rifles than had been accomplished at any previous time,
in fact, it was the only instance we have had of the absolute value
of marching fire.
(Signed) JAMES H. REEVES,
Col. 353rd Infantry.
Headquarters 353rd Infantry, A. E. F.
November 14th, 1918.
REGIMENTAL DIRECTORY
353rd Infantr?
American Expeditionary Forces
Foreword
One of the most difficult tasks in connection with the Regimental
History was the preparation of its directories. Those who had any-
thing to do do with National Army paper work will remember that
transferred men carried their records with them. As a result of
this system and the reduction of records to the minimum of ne-
cessity during moves and campaigns, complete information was not
available on the men who were not in the Regiment at the close of
its service. There was nothing to be done but to fall back on the
faithful company clerks for such records as they could find in their
field cases. These records were then carefully checked against the
files of the Regimental Personnel Officer, of the Regimental Post
Office, and of the Kansas State Adjutant General's Office. Finally
advertisement was made for missing addresses. In spite of all ef-
fort and care in preparation the directories are incomplete, and in
a few cases incorrect. Nevertheless it is hoped that these director-
ies will help to keep the men of the 353rd Infantry together. Such
is their intent and mission.
C. F. D.
Regimental Headquarters Field Officers and Chaplains of the
353rd Infantry
Col. James H. Reeves, A. G. O., Washington, D. C.
Col. Conrad S. Babcock, A. G. O., Washington, D. C.
Col. Frank B. Hawkins, A. G. 0., Washington, D. C.
Lieut.-Col. George W. Blackinton, Continental Motors Co., Detroit,
Mich.
Lieut.-Col. Fred Boschen, A. G. O., Washington, D. C.
Lieut.-Col. George English, Kansas City, Mo.
Lieut.-Col. F. W. O'Donnel, Junction City, Kan.
Lieut.-Col. James L. Peatross, Rolla, Mo.
Lieut.-Col. Burton A. Smead, 1281 Downing St., Denver, Colo.
Lieut.-Col. Daniel W. Spurlock
Maj. Harry B. Bissel, Manchester, Conn.
Maj. F. A. Dahmke, 602 S. 50th St., Omaha, Nebr.
Maj. W. F. C. Jepson, A. G. O., Washington, D. C.
Maj. C. J. Masseck, The Weirs, N. H.
Maj. W. C. Palmer, Hiawatha, Kan.
Maj. Milton C. Portman, Cleveland, Ohio.
Maj. Robert M. Schutt, 4350 Vanversen Ave., St. Louis, Mo.
Maj. Clifton T. Smith, St. Paul, Minn.
Major George W. Wood, c-o Allen W T ood, Philadelphia, Pa.
Capt. Clyde H. Biggs, Canyon City, Colo.
Capt. Chas. F. Dienst, Boise, Idaho.
Capt. Carl G. Eades, Lowell, W. Va.
Capt. A. J. Sichtermann, Wilmington, Del.
Capt. Courtney S. Turner, Atchison, Kan.
Chap. -Lieut. Chas. M. Ashmore, Manor, Travis Co., Tex.
Chap.-Lieut. G. Carpenter, 11 Garfield St., Glenn Falls, N. Y.
Chap.-Capt. Otis E. Gray, Wichita, Kan.
Chap.-Lieut. G. Charles Gray, Boston, Mass.
Chap.-Lieut. Shannon Griffith, Mount Pleasant, Penn.
Chap.-Lieut. Maxwell Lever, Loveland, Ohio.
Chap.-Lieut. Jas. L. O'Neill, Ishpeming, Mich.
Names preceded by Asterisk (*) indicate men who were
not overseas with Company.
Company A, 353rd Infantry, American Expeditionary Forces
name
Barnett. Allan
Chalmer, Clifford
•Cleverdon, Wm.
Connors. Edward M.
Coyner, Howard
Dahmke, Frederick A.
Dolan, William H.
Dodd. Charles O.
Dunne. Charles N. E.
Ensign. Chester O.
Hensley, John J.
•Herrold, Lloyd D.
•Horn buckle. David F.
Hulen, Ruby M.
McNally, Martin V .
Pegues, Henry
Palmer. Walter C.
Rich. Kenneth F.
Rose. Maurice
Shepard, Morton B.
Sperry, Langley
Stanley, Eugene B.
Unrath, Frederick
Wilson, Foy G.
LAST KNOWN RANK
Captain
1st Lieut.
Captain
2nd Lieut.
2nd Lieut.
Major
1st Lieut.
Captain
1st Lieut.
1st Lieut.
2nd Lieut.
2nd Lieut.
2nd Lieut.
1st Lieut.
2nd Lieut.
1st Lieut.
Major
Captain
1st Lieut.
1st Lieut.
2nd Lieut.
1st Lieut.
2nd Lieut.
2nd Lieut.
Adriance, George C, Sgt., Seneca, Kan.
Aflick, Charles W.. Centralia, Mo.
Affloter, Robert H.. Sgt.. Kansas City. Mo.
Ahamlt, John, Mulberry, Kan.
Airgood, Vera O.. Mount Hope, Kan.
•Albers, Joseph A.. Grimmel. Kan.
•Allison, Franklin. Parsons, Kan.
Allumbaugh, Walter, Summersville. Mo.
Amaux, Ben. Mulberry, Kan.
Amos. Clarence E., Beloit, Kan.
Andrews. Root. A.. Beloit, Kan.
Anderson, Hugh R., Go. Runner, Chicago, HI.
Angeli, Henry. Breezy Hill. Kan.
Appier, William M.. Girard, Kan.
Aquino, Louie. Bingo. Kan.
Armlio. Juan B., Trampas. N. M.
Arnold, Floyd, Longton, Kan.
Arthur, Earl. Goodrich. Kan.
Ashley. Vernie, Sgt., Sabetha, Kan.
Ayres. George C, Marshfield. Mo.
Babeles, Bill X.. Denver. Colo.
Baird. James W., Co. Runner, Coyle. Okla.
Baladimas, Pete, Mulberry, Kan.
•Ball. Homer J., Emporia. Kan.
Balma. Bert M„ Cairo Canevese. Italy.
Baker, Darrell H., Coffeyville, Kan.
Bankson, Harold, Wilsonville, Nebr.
Barnes, Ezdore. Peru. 111.
Barnes, Walter E., San Francisco, Calif.
Barkley. Wm. M., 425 N. 1st St., Duluth.
Minn.
Barrett. Wm. H.. Kansas City. Kan.
Bartel, Bernard E.. Hillsboro. Kan.
Baas, Charles A., Sylvia, Kan.
Bates, Chester I., Hutchinson, Kan.
Bardling, George, Calvert, Kan.
Bartlett. Russell, Zeandale, Kan.
•Baugh, James P., Farlington, Kan.
•Baumahn. Roman, Marathon. Wis.
Beach, William E.. Seattle. Wash.
Beck. John H., Bloomington, Kan.
•Beckman, Henry H., Baker, Colo.
Betrgs, Lloyd E., Weir, Kan.
Bell. Walter W., Overland Park, Kan.
Bench. Rudy A., Whitehaven, Pa.
Bennett. Albert W., Cushing, Okla.
Bergin, Louis D., Salina, Kan.
•Biddiscombe, Lawrence, Emporia. Kan.
•Biennaci, Joseph L.. Belpre. Kan.
Bilbrey, Wade C. Summersville, Mo.
•Biskos, Mike, Mound Valley. Kan.
•Bird. George T., Jackson, Tenn.
Bits. Walter J., Aberdeen, S. D.
Bivins, Francis A., Hutchinson. Kan.
Blake. Carrol G.. Las Vegas. N. M.
•Blakely. Robert O.. Atwood. Kan.
Blanton, George C, Sgt., Men-lam, Kan.
Blmcoe, Claude F.. Columbus, Kan.
Bogue, Ray, Florence, Kan.
Bloedow, Arthur H., Vandyne. Wis.
ADDRESS
St. Paul School, Concord, N. H.
Riverside Drive, N. Y. City
Indianapolis, Ind.
South Boston, Mass.
N. R.
Omaha, Nebr.
A. G. €>.. Washington, D. C.
Ithaca. N. Y.
Jeanette. Pa.
Defiance, Ohio
Seattle, Washington
Kansas City, Mo.
Kansas City. Mo.
Centralia, Mo.
Olathe, Kan.
Hutchinson, Kan.
Hiawatha, Kan.
Hull House. Chicago, 111.
716 25th St., Denver, Colo.
Beloit, Wis.
Delray. Fla.
Cincinatti. Ohio
Omey, Philadelphia. Pa.
Beloit, Kan.
Bolhuas, Henry. Chicago. 111.
Bonslaugh, Howard. Hillsdale, Kan.
Rougher. George A., Denver, Colo.
Bourbon, Oliver J., Corp., Beloit, Kan.
Bo wen. Iris, Corp., Sharon Springs, Kan.
Bowman, Samuel E., Hutchinson, Kan.
Boyle. Louis. Independence. Kan.
Branfort. Albert C. Troy Center. Wis.
Breitweg. William J., Winfield. Kan.
Brewer. Thomas L.. Galena, Kan.
Brigham, Merle A., Darien. Wis.
•Briney. Ray E.. Beloit. Kan.
•Brouillette. George. Scottsville. Kan.
Bratton, Paul B., Co. Runner, Kansas City.
Kan.
Brennen, Rolland C. Owen, Wis.
Broaddus, James W.. Merriden. Kan.
Brown. Peter L., Bat. Sgt. -Major. St. Louis,
Mo.
Brown, Harold D., Dancym, Wis.
Brooks. Robert, Lamed. Kan.
Bryan. William C. Mech.. TJtica. Mo.
Bryant, William M., Hutchinson. Kan.
Burg. Stanley T., Sgt., Parsons. Kan.
Burgardt, Joseph, McCracken. Kan.
•Button, Joseph, Rosedale. Kan.
Cadue. Hoke S., Horton. Kan.
•Cahill, Edward F., Merriam, Kan.
Carnall, William H., Farlington, Kan.
Carpenter, Willis R., Minneapolis, Minn.
Carlson, George A., Denver. Colo.
Castro, Joe M.. Phoenix. Ariz.
Cartron, Walter. Neodesha, Kan.
Chown, Adolph. Rosedale. Kan.
ChriHtensen, William. Minneapolis, Minn.
Clarke. George. Hazelton, Kan.
Clochesy. Harold J.. Fondulac. Wis.
•Clearman. James. Liberal. Kan.
•Clarry. Clyde, Olathe. Kan.
Casey, Hal. Beloit, Kan.
Cochran, Ralph J., Fondulac, Wis.
Coggins, George A., Fayette. Ala.
Coker, Arthur, Corp., DeSota, Kan.
•Cole, Hayward L.. Sgt.. Beloit, Kan.
Colbo, Harvey, Honey Creek, Wis.
•Cook, Verlin E., Mulberry. Kan.
Covert, Clinton C, Dillon. Kan.
•Cox, Carl A., Scottsville. Kan.
Craig, Luther. Sisterville. W. Va.
Crim, George S.. Burlingame. Kan.
•Crooks, Earl B., Olathe, Kan.
Crum, Joseph. Corp.. Detroit. Kan.
•Cummings, Edwin O., Mulberry. Kan.
Dahl, Arthur. Corp., Minneapolis. Minn.
Daley. Ira L.. Tobe. Colo.
Darnell, Forest N., Harmon, Okla.
•Dean. Layfette D.. Monticello, Kan.
De Boer, Free C, Hardy Ark.
•Deinnes. Edward A., Ellis, Kan.
•Delhave, Louis, Ringo, Kan.
Regimental Directory 353rd Infantry
"Denning. Clyde R., Rosed ale. Kan.
Derry. Harry A.. Sri.. Arkannaa City, Kan.
Dial. Clarence A., Coot, Canker City. Kan,
Bilgert. Gunlav A.. Co. Runner, Atchison.
Doane, Albert O.. Seattle, Weab .
Dougherty. Hiram. Glen Elder Kan.
Doug-Ian. Raymond W.. Set.. Edjnrton. San.
Downina, James P., Anderson. Ind.
•Drummond. Henry. Sgt., Belolt, Kan
DuBola. Steuben 11.. Pueblo. Colo.
•Duermyer, John R.. Russell, Kan.
, Trousdale. Kan.
Kaaten, Erwln A.. Milwaukee. Wis.
"Kcllbaeh, Prank J.. Pueblo. Colo.
■Keller. Jr"~ *' "
i. Bruce, Gardner.
J "o«hkoah., Wis.
aineald. William B.. .... ...
Kinkead. George O™ Wichita. Kan.
Klnsfalhor. Jacob. Wf ' -
Kirk bridge. Martin. I
Kinderman. John J.. 1630 Iowi
Osbkosh, Wis.
neald. William H.. Kirwin. Kan.
_, ,. Q Wichita. "—
a«r. Mail'' " •- '- ■
Kram'Brr~H«ryr'iBae" Blue" Wand Are...
Chicago. Hi.
•Eraus. Louis H., DeSota, Kan.
•Kueclier. Fred L.. Wilaer. Kan.
LaCore. Andrew A.. Pittatrarr. Kan.
■Landis. Warren J.. Soring Hill. Kan.
Lanrdale. Albert. Corp., Belle Plaine. Kan.
"Larson, Einer A.. Partington. Kan.
Laurhlin. C. A.. Csrrai. Kan.
•Leeker. William T.. Lenaa. Kan.
■Lemel. Joe. Rlngo. Ktn.
Lempenau, Georgea W.. Co. Runner.
Wen I morel and, Kan.
Under. Oscar H„ Blenhen. Minn.
■Lisbon, Carl B„ Oakley. Kan.
Llttlepuc. Arthur H.. Manchester, Otli.
■Look. James A.. Asberllle. Kan.
Loprlore. Vincenao. Milwaukee. Wla.
Low*! William H.. Olathe. Kan.
Lowery, John J.. 1st Sst.. Bosion. Mans.
Luke! a, William. Chlcaco. III.
Lund, Lawrence. Ft. Morgan. Colo.
Lull, Ernest A.. Cawker City. Kan.
Madden, Faterick. St. Paul. Minn.
■Madison. Ellas P.. Virginia. Wis.
•Mahnken. John P., Walnut. Kan.
Msllory. Wlllium A., <^m. Kan.
•""city' Kan. ' unnBr "
Henri. Jennings, Kan.
i. William P.. Copeland. Kan.
paisley, Thomas E., Corp., Waldo Ean.
•Henry. Roy 0„ Tipton, Kan,
•Hessler, Paul v., Beloit. Kan.
•Hlbbe, Pearl M„ Liberal. Kan.
Higglns. Henry E., Phoenix, Aria. _
•HJshbarrer. Andrew J„ Herington, Kan
Hilbus, Thurman, Ocheltree. Ean.
Roil. Orvllle V.. Olathe, Kan.
Hohne, Fred C. Set.. Olpe, Ean.
•Holmes, Harry C. Syracuse. Kan.
•Homm. John P.. Oakley. Kan.
Humbarcer. Richard G.. Sallna. Kan.
lobert E.. Mulberry, Ean. '
Hunt. Qeorg.
•Jackson. Otto
Cawker City. K
H.. Wilson, TSan.
. Kansas City. Kan
lament. Kan
NlelBon. Jens C.,' Tyler. Whin.
Company A, American Expeditionary Forces
■OBrjin. John H.. Coro., Scamoon, Eon. Bmllh. Samuel, R^ N. R
Hn^r
*&.
"iw
A.'.
Winona
%!r
■Solle.
Clen
Del Mo
Colo
. w
Pueblo
•91 am
er.
. Hepla
Bluff C
Kan'
Slaflo
jnes
G.
I}-, E
•Teller. John G„ Belolt. Kan.
Vohlinirer, Huit, Sit.. Hutchlnao
Waldron.' Amo*? Baldwin. Km,
, Lenei
Walker. Fay A
Clay Cen--
Wsndemee. '
Ward. T'
Ward, i
k Walter. "Stanley.' '
Clay Center. Ran.
. randeraee. William C. Ns
Ward. Harcua 11., Corp.,
'" -" Cheater. oi»itm K
i. Arthur
Well, ka.iv*,
•Welter. Joeeph B.. Belolt. Kan.
Weybrlral. Kenneth. Rocky Ford. Colo,
Wheeler. Clarence W.. Joptln. Kan.
"""-'—, Ray. Qardner. San.
. William E ----- ■
■. Roy N.,
, Chaflea E.. ...
. All L.. Elkhor
Taller G.. ™-
■Whii^ William E. Anthony. Kan
Wieland. Roy N., Coro., "■"■ ~~ *•
Wilber. Charles B.. Wicl
- Wllcojt. All L.. —"-
Wiley. Waller C
wilHamr "-'-■
. Joe. St. Georn. San.
Woodanl. Eocene W.. Budore. Kan.
•Workman. Charle" w., Emporia. San.
Wrtjrhl. Martin H.. Enreka, Kan,
Sine. Georn A.. Goodland. Kan.
Sirwoekl, Petfr, Ncce. D. II.. Wis.
skavla, Peter, Kowolhoa. Greece
■siaten. Harrey E.. Bit.. 17. S. Army
Smith, Geone B.. Onbom. Ban.
•Smith, Harry H,. Kanapolle. Kan.
.. Dodre City, Kan.
Company B, 353rd Infantry, Amebjcan Expemttonamy Foi
uirnwnun
2nd Lieut. Marietta. Ga.
l"l Unit!
Dlllard, Field In I Znd Unit.
Folaen. Seward. 0. lit Unit.
HM.H Hoin H. 2nd Lieut.
Ralph W. 2nd Lieut.
;. John C
Sobler, Frank' B. Jr. I'm iTtoi.'
Limb, Qeorio O. and Lk "
Lei*].. Frantl-. Opt.
2nd Lieut.
.*._! I u-i,i
:Ind Lieut.
2nd Lieul.
■■na Lieut.
it Lieut.
..; Lieut.
2nd Lieut.
1 Lieul.
Depew, Andy, Honud. Kan.
DeRooe. John. Chicago. III.
DeWitt. Harry Q„ Wlcblta. Ran.
Dickinson. Delbert A.. Men Sit..
Mound City, Kan.
Dickinson. Clarence E . Onafa, Kan.
Dickaon. Claude H., Cherokee City. Ark.
Dir. Enin A., Wlnfleld. Kan.
Debrowul.ke. Frank. KanaaH City. Mo.
Donker, William, Belolt. Kan.
Down. Frank L.. Emporia. Kan.
Downi. Arthur S.. Corp.. Leavenworth.
Draper. ' Willi am H„ lacPhenon. Kan.
Dimran. William I.. Troy. Kan.
Duahdane. James H.. Junction City. Kan.
Bull. William H., Auciuta. Kan.
Brown. Oabom L„ Corp., Marlonvllle.
Brown back. Letter. Centervllle. Kan.
nuhlsr, Jiillui. Dixon, 111.
Kutxlnif, Olto. Corp. Onhkoiih. Wi..
Csmmeck, John F., Columbus, Kan.
Cnndrav*. Ralph. Chlrspi. 111.
Chrlston, Alex J., Kanaaa City, Kan.
Cicala, John. Chlcab. ID.
Clarke, Arthur j' Cblcafp, 111. '
Clary. Ray C. Corp.. Wichita. Kan.
Coats. Km eat E.. Mulberry, Kan.
Cook. Mllo J„ Burroak. Kan.
Corey. Samuel R„ Mechanic. Council
Crooke. Harry,' Redwood Fall*. Winn.
Company B, American Expeditionary Forces
275
Foreman, Ira S., Great Bend. Kan.
Ford, Elmer S., Axtell. Kan.
Fratto, Carmeno, Westchester. N. Y.
Freed. Clarence. Abilene. Kan.
French, Norman C. Corp.. Jerome. Ariz.
Fudge, Alfa L„ Eureka. Kan.
Fuller, Earl C, Mound Valley. Kan.
Galvin. Daniel V., Mechanic. Leaven-
worth, Kan.
Garcia. John O.. Corp., Chicago. 111.
Garlock, Stephen N., Co. Runner,
Ft. Scott, Kan.
Gamier. Alfred. Oconto Falls. Wis.
Gehrke, Ferdinand W., Wausaw. Win.
*Giese, John, Leaven worth, Kan.
Goldsberry. Charles J., Medicine Lodge,
Kan.
Goodrich, Boy C. N. B.
Gorski, Julius, Bevent. Wis.
Graham, John James, Otonto. Wis.
Graves, Colver C. Mound City. Kan.
Grear. Oren J., Edwardsville. 111.
Greenstreet, Archie N., Pratt. Kan.
Griffin, John L., Sup. Sgt., Hutchinson, Kan.
Grigsby. Albert R.. Fulton, Kan.
Griswold, Benjamin F., Corp.. Coffey-
ville. Kan.
Groves. Earl J.. Sgt., Liberal. Kan.
Grundemann, William 0., Metawake. Kan.
Guey, John. Paola, Kan.
Gutterres. Alfred, New York. N. Y.
Hager, Frithiof B.. Galesburg. 111.
Hale, Jack C, Pawhuska. Okla.
Hall. James F., Pratt. Kan.
Hall, Everett L., Corp. Arkansas City,
Kan.
Halloran. Gubert V.. N. Topeka. Kan.
Halvorson, Harry A., Minneapolis. Minn.
Hansen. Bernard F., Corp., Osborne, Kan.
Hanson, Adolph, Waseca, Minn.
Hanson, Harvey, Leavenworth. Kan.
Harrisberger, Arthur B., Randolph, Kan.
Hart, James, Corp., Co. Runner, Oshkosh,
Wis
Haskine. Guerald E.. Corp.. Meade. Kan.
•Ha worth, Milton, Leavenworth. Kan.
Hawley, Orn L., Mound City, Kan.
Haylor, Frank A., Winfield. Kan.
Hazelquist, William A., Minneapolis,
Minn.
Heim, Louis L., 1st Sgt.. Leavenworth.
Kan.
Helberg, Albert M., Enid. Okla.
Helmick, Carl W.. Wellington. Kan.
Helt, Paul R.. Winfield, Kan.
Heneisen, Louis 8.. Great Bend. Kan.
Henning. Carl Jr., Elgin, 111.
Herdman, William, Kansas City, Kan.
Heveisen, Louis S., Great Bend. Kan.
Hewitt, ZelJL Corp., Co. Runner. Leaven-
worth, Kan.
Higgins. James E. Cook., Co. Runner.
Hutchinson. Kan.
Hill. Frank, Neenah, Wis.
Hill, Joe B., Wausaw. Wis.
Hill, John J., Mayer. Minn.
Hock. Peter. Woodstock. Minn.
Hodgson. Owen E., Sgt., Mound City.
Kan. _
Holeman. Harry L.. Blue Mound, Kan.
Hope, Joe H.. Garden City. Kan.
Hoy. Edward W., Cook, Leavenworth.
Kan.
Houser, Denis M., Sgt., Council Grove,
Kan.
Hunt, Baxter, Corp.. Turner. Ariz.
Huff, Mack., Corp.. Co. Runner. Indian-
apolis, Ind.
Jarvis, William J., Wyoming, Minn.
Jellison. Charles D., Protection. Kan.
Jacobs, John A., Co. Runner, Pelican
Rapids, Minn.
Johnson, Elmer. Minneapolis. Minn.
Johnson, Lucas H., Fort Scott, Kan.
Johnson, Magnus O., Isanta. Minn.
Johnson, Edwin C, Schaffer, Minn.
Johnson, Eskil E., Kinkley, Minn.
Johnson. James, Nortonville. Kan.
Joint, Leslie G., Corp., Norton. Van.
Jones, Walter W., Sgt., Leavenworth.
Kan.
Kamm, George C, Co. Runner, Eureka.
111.
Kendal. Walter E.. Edna. Kan.
Kennedy. William C. New York, N. Y.
Kern, Anton, Leavenworth. Kan.
Kessler, Joseph G.. Chaska, Minn.
Key. Claude H., Dodge City, Kan.
Kirkwood. Lester J„ Corp.. Dodge City,
Kan.
Koepsel, Herman, Milwaukee, Wis.
Kohlman, Leo B., Calvary, Wis.
Kokeno8. Harry., Wellington* Kan.
Kopp, Burton G.. North St. Paul. Minn.
Kortner, Chris H., Santa Maria. Calif.
Kosakawski, John, Leavenworth, Kan.
Krause, Hubert. Johnson Creek. Wis.
Krause. Irvin R. W., Corp., Green Lake.
Wis.
Krausert. Michael C, St. Cloud. Minn.
Kruk. Joseph, Norwalk. Wis.
Kuntz, Charles L., Mechanic. Hanover.
Kan.
Lambrigger, Frank, Chicago, 111.
Large, Fred, Chetopa, Kan.
Larsen. Hans L., Minneapolis. Minn.
Larsen, Sam L^, Superior. Wis.
LaVell, John, Wells. Minn.
Lemon. Walter D.. St. Paul. Minn.
LeHew. William H., Rantoul. Kan.
Lichtenberger, Warren H., Washington.
Kan.
Lienhardt. Alphonse. Leavenworth. Kan.
Lindstrom. George H., McPherson. Kan.
Linzell. John, Chicago. 111.
Lloyd. Stanley W., 8gt.. Leavenworth.
Kan.
London, Roy F., Stillwater. Minn.
Lopez. Jose B., Penasco. N. M.
Lowry, Frank N.. Corp.. Co. Runner.
Howard. Kan.
Lucas, Higinio. Los "Vegas. N. Mex.
Lucas, Mike. Park Falls. Wis.
Lucero, Hignis, Los Vegas. N. Mex.
Lyons, John w.. Kansas City. Kan.
Martinez. Juan M., Cerro. N. Mex.
Maxhomer, Carl J.. Chestnut. HI.
Maze, Alvah R., Annamarlah. W. Va.
McCafferty, James O., Sgt.. Leavenworth,
Kan.
McClatchey, Oliver R., Kansas City, Kan.
McDonald, Alonysius, Brooklyn. N. Y.
McGinley. Benjamin. New Hampton, Mo.
Mclntyre. Frank. Edwardsville. Kan.
McKelvey, Joseph.. Co. Runner. Chokio.
Minn. . „
•McPeron, Ralph E., Mulberry. Kan.
Miller. Benjamin J., Tempe. Kan.
Moffit. Clyde, Sgt., Minneapolis. Minn.
Monaco. Antonio, Stockton. Kan.
Moody. Frank H.. Co. Runner, New York,
Mooney, William H., Cook, Ottawa. Kan.
Morse. Fred E., Flagner, Colo.
Morton, Raymond G., Corp., Elk Falls,
Kan.
Nashby, Clarence 8., Oakland Minn.
Naylor. Harrinson Reed, Reg. and Brig.
Runner. Cherryvale. Kan.
Neal, Ernest M., Corp.. Medicine Lodge. Kan.
Nehring. Alex., Nye. Wis.
Nelson, Herbert E., Gordonsville. Minn.
Nelson, John R., Lost Springs, Kan.
Nicodemus. Charles M., Madison. Minn.
•Nikolai. John E., Chicago, 111. mmmt
Nimmer, Otto A., Milwaukee. Wis.
•Nordyke. Ray, Ottawa, Kan.
•Osner. Omer T„ Kingman. Kan.
Ostasiewskie, Frank, S. Superior. Wis.
Owen. Ray A.. Co. Runner. McPherson. Kan.
Owens, Homer W., Lincoln. Mo.
Paffenger, Donald C, Oregan. 111.
Peet, Groucher. Corp., Leavenworth. Kan.
Pennock, Lester A., Girard. Kan.
Perkins. Ralph, Corp.. Howard. Kan.
Perry. Charles .H, Chipawo Falls. Wis.
Peterson, Emil G., Amery, Win.
Peterson, LeRoy, Gushing. Wis.
Peterson, Peter A., Co. Runner. Hudson,
Wis.
Poliska, Louis W.. Esmon. HI.
Porter, Elmer E., Cherryvale. Kan.
Pulver. James F., Sioux Falls. S. D.
Putman, Willard W.. Reg. and Bn. Run-
ner, Leavenworth. Kan.
Regimental Directory 353rd Infantry
d J., St. Paul. Htm
axd H., Corp.. Co. :
w. _.._«n Q.. Oconta. Win.
Raynor, William E.. Co. Runner. Say-
Taylor. Paul E
Vamdestlne
i Valkenbur
Corp.. Ottawa. Kan.
Menipje. Dumie B.. Sterling. III.
Tibsey. Howard 11 Corp.. Tipton. Kan.
•TornBden, Albert H.. Leavenworth. Kan.
Troesler. William L.. Parsons. Kan.
Troute, Ovtd E.. Corp.. Kuuu City.
Trultt, Thomas W,. Quenrmo. Kan.
Tubbs. Sewart D.. Kontevldo. Mlmi.
Tuinquinl. Alfred, Srr'nnton. Km.
Cmholli, Corlelt. Tongonoxle. Kan.
- .<_.. ™ " J Martii«w. Wi..
.. Sgt,. Ban tout. Kan.
Ernest. Corp.. Ottawa.
Cambridge. 111.
Shivner. Eddie. Olrard. Kan.
Snuler. Newell W„ Selden. K
Shepard. Bernard. Co. Runm
Siebreoh't. Max J„ Corp., Wi
Skagga.' Hsrrj I) . Sgt.. Tonro
Smith. Cecil P., Batt. Runner.
Smith. Loisn 9., Cofteyville.
Stiff. 'Andrew, iiti
I. John E., Parsons. Em.
the, Paul M.. Leavenworth, Kan.
. Chas. W.j Set.. Paola. Kan.
StoutrCecH*J _
Stout, Graver C, PHUburg, Kan.
Stulginski. A., doquel, Minn.
■Swan. Ernest A.. Liberty. Kan.
Siweda. Louis, Co. Runner. Oooul
Tafoyh. Silas. Dixon. N Hex.
van ieie. Ajoys, ^am
Virginia. Paul, Omaha, kid.
Vitt. Arthur. Louisville, Ky.
Yoleht, John H., Sgt.. Leavenworth. Kan.
Waota. altx. Alexander. Chicago. 111.
WaeTTia^Wiillani, Rec. and Bn. Runner.
•Wagner, George. Olne. Kan.
Wshbj. William 1„ Oahkoah. Wis.
Wall, Claries M.. Corp.. Garden City. Kan.
Ward. Roy B., Oaawatomle. Kan.
Webster. Villi am A.. HcPherson. Kan.
Welch. Lloyd. Sgt.. Oswego. Kan.
Werly. August H.. Corp.. Leavenworth.
Wesolowskl. Alexander. Denver. Colo.
West berg. Edward. Chicago. 111.
WighlmanT'BWard a.7*Sgt.?"wellavl]le.
Wiles, 6tU M.. Sgt., Los Angelea. Calif.
Wilson. Joseph W.. Dixon. Ill
Winpingcr, W. E., 9gt Ottawa. Kan.
Wobat. Albert C. Canyon City. Colo.
Wollnrd. Lester E.. Corp.. Buffalo. Ho.
Wolefeld. Henry. Aurora. III.
Wood Ernest C. Hens Sgt.
Wood. John E„ Bugler, Co, Runner.
Howard. Kan.
Toung, Donald A., Corp.. St. Paul. Minn.
Company C, 353rd Infantry, American Expeditionary Forces
Bailey. Goonm R.
Breco. Frederick
Chaw. Er-klne H.
Crump. Clay K.
Cuahlnr. John B.
Lockwood, J. W.
Nu«d.C. J.'
Miller. David B.
Moore. Robert L.
Ooley, Orley
Sterireg, George '
William.. Krretl
1st Lieut.
1st Lieut.
Major
im i.iput.
Lieut. Col.
2nS Lieut.
Cant.
Cnii Lloil.
Major
1st Lieut.
2nd Lieut.
Slid Lieut.
jiuuaca Plain. Bo.to
Toledo, Ohio
Springfield. "Mo.
Webeter Grove, Ma.
Humtiird, Win.
Waahlnilnn. D. C
ClllcUD. Ill-
Kan™ Cltv. Mo.
43 W. 18tS St.. New York. J
A. G. o., Washington. D. C.
mder Donald 1
C lilies mi tli. Jacob h
a P.. Milwaukee. Wi».
" Cook. Lincoln Con-
. Pittsburg Kan.
__ , r. Pittsburg. San.
Bamrord. Cjruii P. Emporia. Kan
■"• " 1 H.. Allison. Kan.
Harachak, Thuu
Beaaley. winian
E.. Pittsburg, kin. '
IleSerT'Henrj^J., Milwaukee. Will
Begler, Leo M.. Leavenworth. Kau.
S»l.i.n|ef .j— '(• I ■■'aj » II"
•Seine. Weelej A., Leavenworth. Kan.
Bendlln. AJIred E.. Laoon. III.
•Benedict. Joe. Frontenac. Kan.
Bennett. Ror B., Oberlln. Kan.
Bora-horn. Wilbur J.. LJbertjnllle. 111.
Bergman, Clarence C. Loe Angeles. Calif
Croker.
Darellus
•Dlckan
•Bryant. Wllllan. „.. — _
•Buck Henry. Pittsburg, Kan.
Rultman. Prod C. Harvey. 111.
•Burttett. August C. Emporia. Kan.
' Biirllnrame. William P., Pittsburg. Kan.
Burwrll. WllUain R-. Set.. Jarblo, Kan.
Caffrey. Thomas R.. Mechanic. Mt. Hope.
Kan.
Cabill. Joaeph J., Set., Bonner Springs.
'-'—--*-, Gilbert C,. uifbiu. >
Arthur 1.. Foley. 1
Donald P.. La Crot
<™™m. Frank, put-*-—
"Pooler. Edward, Lei
■Duncan. John.
•Ebbs. Harry H.
Hartford. Kan.
I.a Crease. Wis.
Pittsburg. _Kan- lr
Duncan. John, Hunhori
'Ebbe. "* "' "' ■ '
•Edler, uiarfince >.>., i-eiivtnwortl
Endtcott. John S„ Pi. Scott. Kan
•English. Burham T., Leavenwoi
Erard. Earl. Independence. Kan.
-Parrel, Joseph. Pittsburg. Kan.
•Falllders. Hugh II., Eldorado. K
•Fellmau. Alphanae J.. Leaven*
•FeMeo] Henry N„ Pittsburg. Kai
■r'r.tk, Benjamin. Parkerrllle. Kan
Ferguson. Roy A., Topeka. Kan.
Fickle. John V. Dodge. Okla.
•Field. Robert E.. I-™.™ M.
Fingeraon, Henry J
FogarT" ■-' ' "
■Forrin. 'wifliam't
•Fovulfcjr, Groi "
■Franke. John
Kan.
■Pranaon, Swen, Esstnn. Kan.
'"- -— "-"-, Henry E.. ~ ! '
Frederick. Henry E.. Chios
Freeman. Klrby E. Eldorsuo. nw,
Frllch. Leonard. Smith Center. Kan.
Tome'. Edwin L..
■;, Ben J ~
.. Independence. Kan.
Regimental Directory 353rd Infantry
Hartmai). Ray' «.. Co. Run
Harvey." Frank D.. Ladyam
Harvey. Victor H.. Ladyso
. III.
Lontliowski. Frank. Lawrence. £
Loaey, Perrr P.. Dlrnton. Kan.
Loudin. Old. BuehannoD. W. Va.
Na*hvilli
'J Earl B_ Si.Lciiia!
n. Joan B.. Mora. N. —
•Maeere, Ooonre L, Leavenwortb.
Shell Lake. Win.
Maee.*Jnan"B.!"Mora. ti. M,"
Madera. G&one L, Leavenwortu
Madden. Hurry, Wichita, Kan.
Amiii. Howard I... St. Louie. Mo.
•Martin. Ckarlea 6.. Emporia. Kan.
Martin. James F., Corp.. Klnrman. Kan.
•Marilnei, Arthur. Taos. N. X.
Mavity. Charles W.. Fairfax. Kan.
Msyofl, Bert J.. Corn.. Olathe. Han.
McAndrew, Joseph M. h Corp.. SL. Louis,
•Me Anil:
McBee. '
.. Central Falls. B. I
Lamond, James, Chicago. I]
•Lane. Ray, Gridley. Kan.
I.arsen. Hsmw A.. Hutchinson. Kan.
£ TlfonTaa it., Mechanic,
i!« "chenter L.'. lenith. Kan.
Leedy. William L.. Com.. Nee* City. ]
Lehman. Myron M., Set.. Elgin. III.
■Ummlt, Fred H.. Leavenworth. Kan
aughlin.
•Ostorlclt, Leo. Frontenac, Kan.
Ovcrtn.lt. Jolui i;.. Wiuriolti. K.in.
Ozunas. John. Waukeean. HI.
Page. Irwin E.. Sgt.. Hutchinson. Kan.
Parker, Ernest. Corn.. Mound City. Kan.
Parsley. Cyrus M„ Louisville. Kan.
Paraona, David E., Hutchinaou. Kan.
Partrldre. Ray O.. Hulchlnson. Kan.
Paulman, Henry F„ Pannes City. Nebr.
Payue. Lloyd A.. Hutchinson. Kan.
Phi Hi D6. At fin. Bugler. Hodieman. Kan.
Phillip*. Mi leu J., Corp.. While Rock.
Utah.
Peterson, Paul. Corp.. Linwood. Kan.
Powers. Holland W., Corp., Ottawa. Ki
(Juicier. Willi am (I., Kansas City. Kan.
Qulnn. Peter J.. Pittaborr. Kan.
Ramon. Louis, New Orleans. La.
Company C, American Expeditionary Forces
Randolph, Jellerson C. Prairie View.
Ray. Clarence C Wellington. Kan.
Ray. Bugs. Aurora. 111.
Bar, Willie C. Cookeville. Tenn.
ReeU, Frederick A.. Corp., Leavenworth.
Richards, Edward S.. Corp.. Chicago, 111.
■Hiehardflon. Charles. Corp.. Pittsburg,
Rierjer. Francis F.. Corp.. Leavenworth. 'Tlmmone. Walter F.. Bonner aprinn.
1, John P
Soiilnn
Elynski. —~. ^.~-
Soraplnaton. Joseph. PltlBburr. Kali.
D -—ahl. lve. «mbey. Ill
■„ John. Tales Cenlej
•Tope, Ebert W.,
Toraen. Gilbert C.
k J.. Almena.*Kan." Townsend! Lesley R.. St. Louis.
RobSs^i"' Claurin^A^ "ummiS', Kan! Towoj-end, Cllfforil H., McLou'tb. Kan
Root. Jacob A.. Springfield.
RySIki. Leo.T
Soraplnaton. J — ,,.-. - -.
Schmahl. lve. Qmbey. 111.
Schumacher, Qeorge C .
Schwyhart. Harrison. Wellington, Kan.
Sorter, Benhard. Hartford, WiiS.
Seesert. Emi! C.Horioon. Wis.
Seejrerl, Arnold R.. Horieon. W1b.
•Selchenine. Edward C, Leavenworth.
Shaw, Joseph E„ Set., Wlnfleld. Ban.
Shaw. Andrew D., Louisville. Kan.
•Shaurtmessy, John. Leavenworth, Kan.
Sheets, Harry C. 9ft.. Lincoln. Kan.
Shiner. Fred H.. Corp.. LaCrosM. Kan.
Shirley. Merril H . Mess 8st.. Emporia.
£'E.''waWo" r Kan.
Smiin, Mjiclr II., (li Franc-la, Kan.
•Smith, Samuel L.. Miller. Kan.
•Smith, William II.. Little River. Kat
•SnopkowBki. Janies, Leavenworth. F
■SnopkowosJ, Joe, Leavenworth, Kan.
Sowers. Earl H.. Atchison Ean.
•Stanlford. Robert C. Leavenworth.
•Stanwlx. Leonard A., Tonganoxle, I
Steele. Jessie L.. St. Francis. Ean.
stevms. Clyde W„ Sgt. Bmlib "--•--
Company D, 353rd Infantry, American Expeditionary Forces
Do nil eld. Piul J
Hunter. Vernon
Powell. M. A. *
Shepherd. Morion B.
Slmpaou. Georf* A.
Tucker,' Jamee H.
ADDRESS
.," Sprlnt-fleld, Mo
Cllillerolhe. Mo.
Columbun. Ohio
6330 Berlin St..
6403 Greenwood. _
230 8. Washington St.. Dm re
Uwnnni, Kan.
Cambridge, N. Y.
Minneapolis Minn.
Shawnee. Okla.
Indians. Pi.
Brooklyn. N. Y.
West Moreland. V..
Belolt. wis.
Cleveland. Ohio
Medicine Lodge. Kin.
Chicago. III.
Jacksonville, Fla.
1641 Highland. SI., Portsmouth.
Dowty. Clunm P.. Moreland, Kan.
■oyle. John H.. Leoti. Ran.
ninlah, George w\, Bdln'. Wis.'
^-ham.Arley. Warren town. Mo.
'■11, Waller L_ Belleplaine. Kan.
'ley. Roy W„ Independent. Kan.
:. Ray B.. Sit.. Mulvane. Kan.
niradwn! Harry. Cook, Sugar Creek.!
an. Harold 1... Corn La Cygne. Kai
— dkamp. Prank W., Lincoln, Kan.
old man. Olio. Fonlana. Kan.
"■■■-■— — Corn., Eldor.do. Kai
-.. H1U City. Kan.
laherty. Jams* J.. Cincinnati. Ohio
Waveriy. Kan.
'risks], John C , Topeka. Kan.
'ord. Robert, Marysrllle. Kan.
ord. Roy E.. Corp.. Rfliforrt. Kan.
'rlncer. Karl P.. Corp.. Topeka. Kan.
;™3ick. Waller, lei Sit.. Kent. V -
3lck. Waller.
Fuller. Almoii. Corn!. MaTdeol
-.,. ... . "orpcc
.ill. Waller .
Glflfben. Ed
QifUIand. Roj
Gilmpre. Benjamin H„ Corp., 1
Chancy. Banner L... Co. Runner.
Scholten. Mo.
Cherry. William V.. Mardeld. Mo.
Clary. Solomon. Oeawotomle. Kan.
Com won. l.lnyd, 1st Sgt., Topeka. Kan.
Conrad. Clifford V., Oakley. Kan,
Cook. Dee. Fulton Kan.
Cook. Marlon 0„ Bogue. Kan.
Cotlle. Samuel H.. Corp.. RoaBTllle. Kan
Courtney. Joe 1.. Corn,. Louiaburg. Kan.
Creajer, Erneet T.. l>t 3«t., La Cygne.
,K
Da Tin. Lark In E
Dels-nan, James
Diamond, Jam<
n»hi- »Md. E. .. ..
ar. Ladago., Indli
Corp./Oenoa Junction.
EMherVille, 1
Dodd. Edgar. Ladago, Indiana
Doerlna. George F.. Corp.. Colby. Kan.
Doud, Leslie. Lorn-dale. Okla.
Company D, American Expeditionary Forces
Johnson, Oscar. D.. Silver Lake. Kan.
Jones. Anil E., Columbus. Kan.
Jordan. Elwood W., Sup, Sgt.. Naukato.
Korman, Ignatius, Chiesro. 111.
Kennedy. Garnet L„ E annul City. Kan.
Ken nedy, William O.. Pauls, Kan.
Settler. Fred. Corp.. Paola. Kan.
Kempff. Theodore G„ Milwaukee. Win.
Klsller. Walter K.. St. Mary's. Kan.
Klabundle. Paul A.. Oshkosh. Wis,
Kllngenber. George, Carlton. Kan.
Knaua, John G%. Corp.. Burn", Kan.
Knecht. Leo M.. Loulsburg, Kan.
Knausman. Theodore. Corp.. Burna. Kan.
Knowles. Clyde C, Srt.. MrPherson. Kan.
Kroeger. Ernest Q.. Ellin. Kan.
Lafferty. Barney. Srt., San Francisco,
Larson. Edward J.. Litchfield. 51 tan.
rjs&" . . . '
Lease George W.. Ottawa. Kan.
Lee. Geoixe It.. Ottawa. Kan.
Lllbman. Daiid. SherranL 111.
Lindsay. Ralph C. Corp.. Hulvane. Kan.
Lint-quest. Ofaf B., Roekford. 111.
Lockard. Carl A.. Corp.. Wllllard. Kan.
London. Henry D.. Stillwater. Okla.
Long. Charles H.. Genoa Junction. Wis.
Lowe. Sidney. Independence. Kan.
Ludlow. Ray A.. Winona. Kan.
Lynch. Charley. Corp., Tecumseh. Kan.
Ma ucli enter. Dwight. Mech., Paola. Kan.
" James 8.. Spies. N. C.
. William, rfayetta. Kan.
er, George, Eldorado. Kan.
1, Ralph E„ Shawnee. Okla.
la Brunei. Manuel. Taoa, N. M.
Masoner. Blmer K., Co. Runner. Corp..
Fontana. Kan.
Mathews, Herbert A... Madison.Kan. Secrest.' Richard. Wellsyllle. Kan.
Maunu, Abel N„ Hecla. S. D. Sharits, Joseph B„ BuKton, Kan.
May. Arthur. Verndale. Minn. Shea. Thomas E., Concordia. Kan.
MeAnally. James J.., LaCyrne. Kan. Shoemaker. Ray E.. Glrard. Kan.
MeBrlde. Charles A.. Corp.. Henry. 111. Shoop, Albert L . Carney Okla
"„ '.. Harry, Wellington. Kan. Shuns, Jacob. Lamed. Kan.
McCoy. Ellsworth. Kan. Slbert. John, Hardy, Nebi
WcClenHhsn, Robert D„ Idana. Kan. Slaybough. Fioyd F„ Chi
— "-nsld, Louis E.. Drer-' **- "'— ■ ~- ' " ■
McMinn. Aabury w' Fontana. Kan, Smith, Leonard P., Hutohinsoi..
McPolin. Frank J., Philadelphia. Pa. Smith. Roscoe, Corp., Asbury, J
Meyer. Otto C. Chicago. III. Smith, Riley I.. Maple Hill. Ka
Meyers, Raymond J„ Carboni " " " " " '
Michaels. James M.. Scranton.
Mlddleton. Albert H„ Burling
Middleton. Arthur, Elgin. 111.
Miller. Charles A.. Scammon. ..... „„...,
Miller. Charles D. Pituuurg. Kan. Spear, Ralph
Miller. Clifford V„ Hill City. Kr" """ ' " "'-
lernvale. Kan.
Sobiak. Fran
„„„. ....... Blewardson, vbuuw «.. v»nv, .»„
n Pedro. N. M. Stlnson. William E.. Indianapolis. Ind.
. . jrd S.. Burlingame. Kan. Stltt. Da.i-' K "'— " "--
Moore. Edward T.. Paola. Kan. Stogadill. ,
i. Claude S.', Srt., Liberal. Kan.
Millar, 'rank. Winona. Minn. Sterr. Alvln
MUdrnler, Joseph S„ Norton. Kan. Sobiak. Frai ,
MoJitor. Richard^ WUlowdale. Kan. Blewardson. James^B.^ Colby. Ki
Montgomery.
Straney,"WilUam H. "Dodge CityVkan"
Statin. Dim. Aiwood, Kan."
StraDb, John J.. MarysTllle. Kan.
Slurdlvsn, Epha. Belleville. Kan.
Stnde. Alfred. Cook. " J " —
O'Connor. John S.." Sears. III. ' Sutton, Harry J., Libel
O'Donnel, James A... Clay Center, Kan. Bwanson. Wayne B„ Co nunnor,
Ohlemeir, Bert H„ Bunker Hill. Kan. Kansas City. Mo.
Oldham, George T.. Topeka. Kan. Swearlngton. Ernest B„ Bossville. Kan.
Olson. Bert G.. Russell. Kan. Sweely, Byron P.. Emporia. Kan.
Olson. Emll E„ Cumberland. Wis. Swan. William H„ Meeh.. Topeka, Kan.
Owen. Henry. Fort Scott. Kan. Taggart. Jesse E.. Ottawa. Kan.
Patterson. Charles L., Hutchinson. Kan. Taylor, Ralph C. Srt.. Topeka, Kan.
Patterson. Edward E., Cook, Oakland, Kan. Templelon, William B„ Seymour. Mo.
Paul. Alfred. Cicero. III. Tesch. Emll W.. Genoa Junction. Wis,
Peacock, Frederick. C Wichita. Kan. Thomas, Guslave B„ Corp, Co. Runner.
Pedenon. John K. Fertile. Minn. Dorrance, Kan.
Perea, Jose. Santa Fe, N. M. Thompson, Alfred. North Crystal Lake. II
Peters. Clifford C, Hutchinson. Kan. Thompson. Jesse E„ Colma, Wis.
Peterson. Emll E.. McPherson. Kan. Thompson, William Cross. Kan.
Peterson, Herbert O.. Mess Sgt.. Paola. Kan. Tobey. Sidney C. No rt olivine. Kan.
Regimental Directory 353rd Infantry
Wamero. Hairy. Maretta. Kan.
Watwn, Luqlan. Bndnwrt, Neb
Weeki. Frank. Oaborn Kan.
White, Guy B„ SihuIiuit. Kan
Interior of Church, Lironville.
Company E, 353rd Infantry, American Expeditionary Forces
•Bowie. Robert E.
Cannon. Peler L.
ChrtslODh, Charles D
Chrlatiaaqr. Herbert
Dunn, Charles E.
Oerteinen. John Jr.
QloTsr. Rodney C.
Greenwood. Albert
*Imbiie, Georn H.
•Kile. Eaton it.
Motrin. FrancU M.
•Moore, Charlen L.
Morrison, Lama R.
Mooher. Albert F.
Portman, Milton C.
Smead. Burton A.
Shaw. Charles A.
Wataon. Wlllla
LAST KNOWN UNK
Pilteburrh. Penn.
Denver. Colo.
i Humbolt St.. Denver. Colo.
Wttahinpion, lad.
Bally. Franklin. W., Blull City.'
•Ooctewell, Guy K., Hutchinson. K
■Cole. Prod E.. Harper Co., Kan.
Coleman. William A.. N. R.
•Coomes. Charier C, Gretna. Kan.
Cooper. Oeorre E„ Claremorc, Ohla
Cooper Raymond H.. Blr-" **— "-
Cope. Cllnlnn C. Corp..
. n O.. Mulberry, Kan.
Craig. Leo H., Corp.. Emporia, Kan.
Ci'une, ,l™sie I... Mcpherson. Kan.
•Crook. Oren B„ Cloud Co.. Kan.
Crow I. Frank. Ri']<
Crowe]]'. Cli
Crowl. Krar
Cunningham! Robert 'N..
Czameka. John. St. L-
i. Daley. George A.. Chi.
•Beaver. Harlan. Ssbj
ley. Kan.
284 Regimental Directory 353rd Infantry
Company E, American Expeditionary Forces
Ralph, 'Moreland. Kan. ' Sickler. Henry w'„ Derby. Kan.
:. Sam.'ptttaburf. Kan.
, Rudolph. Ptttpiburr. Kan.
•Mayer. Dolbert M.. Centralis.
iyon, Lee I,
l, Fred I...
_ WtlllamE
Sen. o*™r W.. Mulberry. Kan.
•Neltael. Albert R.. N. ft.
Neleon, Harry. MeFhenion, Kan.
Sei™, John (V.. Stark. Kan.
NuImjii. Rutland W.. Burlinrame. E
Nelaon. Samuel I... Hayward. Kan
Nilson. Dean S., Corp.. Santa Fe. I
"Niiiia. Joeeph. Crawfurd Co.. Kai
—-dell, John A.. N R.
Nilaon. Dean S., Corn.. Santi
•Nixaia. J. ' ' J "
Nortel! , J<
Norwood. Jaeolb R., Com.
Ole-wlLi. Meoyati
Lid. Clifford B., Hutchinson.
Fred. Cook, siendon. Mich.
Pltkenpau*h. Edward W.. Cook.
— ifllipaburi-. Kan.
Pino. Jnw A., Corp.. Klo Amba. N. M
•PilU. John i .. Minneola. Kan.
Piwmiii, Charles. Topeka. Kan.
"1'runcr. Harry K., PhJMpeburg. Kan.
Purdy, Vern H.. Pittuburr, Kan.
gulllen. John E.. Corp.. Ashland. Kan
Quarto. Charier D.. Hniler Pittstmrr.
Rabe. Hfnrj
s.'a„., _.. ... ...
isey^ Willi am IT. Ottawa. Kan
- — on. Kan. •Tolberl, Bam V.. Moscow. Kan.
Reed. Cecil B.. Stafford. Nebr. Torkelnon. Clarence. N. K.
......... m ,„.„ . „,_..._„.....,. W,.. „..,. ., „ .. „ . ._. . (j^
" ft!***"
Rudolph D.. Clyde. I
TBS. miiiam u^ boowtbii vo.. ahii. "'rrOHOOn. William Y..
elft. Rudolph W„ Appleton, Wis. •Trotter, Ray, Harper, ami,.
where. Martin H.. Corp.. Rosette. Kan, Troup, Leonard A., Galeeburg. Kan.
ell, Claraii-e H., ToDfka. Kan. Tucker. Earl E.. Topeka. Kan.
" ' ■ ' " "- ■*■"■ •Turner, Martin P.. Eldorado. Kan.
o.Kaii.
Reynolds, Arthur B... Klrwln. ,
Lire. Cash K.. Corp.. Anthony. Kan. •Vandenydt
Van Lant, Gay. N. R.
Van^Ordstrand. Court K.. Ret. Runner,
William J,. Nemaha Co.. Kan.
Roe-era. Coral O.. Jasper, Mo.
Rorers. Edward J,. S|t.. Clyde. Kan.
■Roibal, Joe. Overbrook. Kan.
Romerio. Eugene. N. R.
Lommel. Fred W„ Waten-llle. Kan.
Romjae. Roy L.. Gretna. Kan.
Kunyen. Leunard C. Sgt. Sup.,
•Saloskj. Leo M.'. Nemaha" Co.. Kan.
Sargent. Donald M.. Eldorado. Kan.
Sauldes. Jim. Oconto Co.. Wis.
Scarbrourh, Mark. Troy. Kan,
Schad. Louis. Heron Lake. Minn.
•Scbaurer. Lawrence J.. Philllpeburf , 1
Sehelfler. Rudolph D.. Burrton. Kan.
Scherer. John H.. Corp., Florence, Kan
•Schmidt. Allen, Wichita. Kan.
SrJinlder. William F.. Garnett. Kan.
Schurnnan. Adam B.. Bison. Kan.
•ttchulte. Bonavent J.. W»n« Kan.
Scolt^ Homer A.. Wfabltj
Wltheltt. Nathanli
Sehlt. Albert. N. R." Wrirtt. War
Senlcr. Ray, Clearwater, Kan. Zane, Roscoe a., rnnocuoa, u
•Senna. iKjminich. N. R. Zdunek. John. Corp.,,Cudahy. V
Septer, Fernando C, Loian, Kan. Zlorfuas. Edwin W., Milwaukee.
•Shaffer. John J„ N. R.
Company F, 353rd Infantry, American Expeditionary Forces
LAKT KNOWN *A.\K ADDSE8S
2nd Lieut. 1S41 Lincoln St.. Denver. Colo.
2nd Liout. London, Ohio
2nd Lieut. Garfield St.. Glenn F.1K H. T.
2nd Lieut. Chsrtenon. W. Va.
CauL A. O. O.. Waahlnaton. D. C.
Cant. Lowell, W. Va.
2nd Lieut. Cambridte. Una.
2nd l.ieut. Greenlaai. San.
1st Lieut. Joulln. Mo.
Norwood. Ohio
Mt. Sterlini. T"
Company F, American Expeditionary Forces
Downa, Oscar B.. Galena. Kan. _ D
Doaer, Otis V.. Set.. Odnnlllc Kan.
'Dime. * Tpn QT 9p BnrJlnrame. Kan.
■Duncan, E. H„ Lyndon. Kin. •
DnrmU. Home K.. Oakland. Kan.
Bean, Clarence C,, Broolon. Wis.
Elua. Fmtartck, Pluabun. Kan. ,
Eliln. Alfred T.. Garwood. Mo. I
■Ra*)e. Thomaa F., y™»r. Kan.
-Bnlcaton. John E.. Wichita. Kan. I
Enlinan, AuroM. Walertown. Win.
Erfekaon. Frederick O.. Sit.. Goodland. Kan. r.
Ererbart. Fraiik, Belleville. Kan. ■
■Erman. Waller L., Ptttstturr. Kan.
Feck. Brneat. wauaan. Wis'*'
Feeler. Walter Lee. Newton. Kan. I
Flacher. Robert. 1
288
Regimental Directory 353rd Infantry
Ranallo, Henry M., Cumberland. Wis.
Reiswig. Philip H.. Hillsboro. Kan.
Reynolds, William H., Corp.. Bunkie. La.
•Rice. Esty, Pittsburg. Kan.
Richardson. Jay, Lawrence. Kan.
Richey, Thomas J., Severy, Kan.
Rieger. Alfred, Corp.. Kansas City, Kan.
Riemann, Charles E., Millerville. Mo.
Rieley. William H.. Sgt., Protection. Kan.
•Roberta, John W., Kansas City, Kan.
• Robinson, Arthur W., Chetopa, Kan.
'Robinson, Chester S.. Oatville. Kan.
'Robinson, L. F., Wakarusa. Kan.
Robinson, Paul, Alma, Kan.
Robinson. Leonard F.. Wakarusa. Kan.
Robell, John W.. Corp.. Fairibault. Minn.
Rooney, Wm. J.. Corp., Scranton. Kan.
Ruble, Claude. N. R.
Runnels, Arthur, Sumrall. Miss.
Russell, Arthur L.^Peabody, Kan.
Ryan. Samuel M.. Winneconme. Wis.
Sailor, Roy V., Derby, Kan.
Sauer, Jacob C, Abilene, Kan.
Saylor. Arthur L., Newton. Kan.
•Scheffler, Alfred, Newton. Kan.
Schlieman, William. Chicago, 111.
Schmitt. Frank, Gorham, Kan.
Schoeppell, Adam J., Corp., Clearwater. Kan.
Scholts. Raymond L.. Abrams, Wis.
Schryver, Charles. Minneapolis. Minn.
• Schweitzer. George F., Em a ton, Kan.
Scott, Foster J., Sgt., Olivet, Kan.
Seifert, James E., Anthony, Kan.
Seikman, Edward. Miami, Kan.
Sherrill, Thomas H., Altavista, Va.
Shields, Edward J.. Cumberland. Wis.
Shipley, Francis J.. Corp.. Wichita. Kan.
•Show alter. Frank J., Oatville. Kan.
•Simak, Milan, Chicago. 111.
• Simmons, Clyde G., Carbondale. Kan.
Slarterly, Thomas, Clinton. Mass.
Slaughter, Milq, Ellis. Kan.
Smith, Albert F., Kansas City, Kan.
Smith, Edgar W., Corp., Barker, Kan.
Smith, James E.. Byers, Kan.
Snyder, George D., Emporia, Kan.
Sonars, Noble S., Plymouth. Kan.
Spidel, William E., Corp., Burlingame, Kan.
Stark, Charles A.. Co. Runner,
Anthony. N. M.
Steffen. Fred. Moisnee. Wis.
•Stockman, Harold E., Kiowa, Kan.
•Stone, Gilbert L., Merriam. Kan.
•Stull, Frank J., Brownell. Kan.
Sullivan, Walter W., Leavenworth. Kan.
Swan son, John E.. Chicago. 111.
•Tanner. Arthur L., Wier City. Kan.
•Teter, Joseph, Pittsburg. Kan.
•Tew. Ernest G., Ness City, Kan.
Tevelekeo, Pete J.. Kansas City. Kan.
Thompson, Thomas J., Sgt.. Oatville. Kan.
Tierney. Michael. Wichita. Kan.
•Tilford. Albert O.. Moscow. Kan.
Timm, Erdmann W., Corp.. Crystal Lake. 111.
Todd, Bruce H., Co. Runner. Salina. Kan.
Toms, Abe. Aurora. 111.
Travis, John M., Minneapolis, Minn.
Trimble. Troy L., Marionette. Wis.
Ulm., Walter E., Corp.. Emporia. Kan.
Van Loeche, Theophiel, S. Bend. Ind.
Vermillion. Robert M.. Atchison. Kan.
*Vigola. George E.. Osage City. Kan.
Vododk. William. Corp., Dilly. Wis.
Vogan, George E., Corp., Utica. Kan.
Vogan. Henry L.. Sgt., Utica, Kan.
Volgelsberg, Mathias. Salina. Kan.
•Voss, Louis J., Norton, Kan.
Walden, Walter F., Co. Runner. Alto. Tex.
Walden, William G.. Salina. Kan.
•Walker, Joseph L., Wichita, Kan.
•Walker, Everett L., New Ulysses. Kan.
Walters. Theodore W.. Graham Station. Calif.
•Wands, William W., Lenora, Kan.
Ward. Michael J., Mankato, Kan.
Ware. Floyd L., Sioux City, Iowa
Warren, David A., Vaasar. Kan.
Warren. Rees C, Corp.. Escondldo. Kan.
Watson, James D., Wichita. Kan.
.Weber, Charles, Bn. and Brig*. Runner.
Phililpsburg. Kan.
•Weil, Marshall W., Carbondale. Kan.
Weiss. William, Kansas City. Kan.
Wenski, Constantino M.. Kansas City. Kan.
White. Harrison A. Quenemo. Kan.
•Wick. Theodore. Utica. Kan.
•Williams, Ivy, Ness City, Kan.
Wilson, Clyde G„ Kansas City. Kan.
Wilson, James H., Kansas City. Kan.
Wilson, John T., Norvorne. Mo.
Wintle, Harry, Pittsburg, Kan.
Wlxon, Jacob M., Corp., Pasadena, Calif.
Wolf, Martin A., Cheney. Kan.
Woodford. Mark M., Burlington. Kan.
Woods, William C. Co. Runner.
Marionette, Wis.
Wookey. Glen B.. Sgt.. Powells. Nebr.
Wright, Charles W., Kansas City, Kan.
•Yager, Clarence, Wathena, Kan.
•Yost. James C, Vassar, Kan.
Zdainowich. Alea, Pullman. 111.
Zierfnss, Edwin J., Milwaukee. Wis.
■—>-
SNu;
%
Il.nV'
AMV^an ^r.iM-
5>V
1
m
■Hi
I--" 1 - I
Hi
Company G, 353rd Infantry, American Expeditionary Forces
LAST KNOW* BANK
Regimental Directory 353rd Infantry
i, Harvey B., Corp..
an. 'Leddinston. Georre W.. Mineral. Kan.
•Leerett. Archibald. Wichita.' Kan.
Lehman. Elmer E. Neopet. Win.
Leopold. John F.." Jordan, Montana.
Loiter, Clyde, Con).. Topeka, Kan.
Lav undo v.-nwi. Frank M.. Chicaro. 111.
•Lewln. Jiuik, Kansas City, Kan.
111. Llvlnnton, James W.. Okelo, Kan.
Looka». Harry V.. Palmer. Kan.
•Lockard. James W., Arkansas City. Kan
Kan. Lokolski. Michiel. Juieau. Kan.
Lon», Clyde. Manhattan. Kan.
Londo. Lew Ik, Mamallque, Mich,
i. Lossy. Karl H.. rjniyernlly Plate. Neb.
Ludlnrton. Arthur I., Grand Island, Neb
Lund. Earl A.. Amery. Wla.
n. Lynn. Aurusl w.. Rosalia. Kan.
Lyons, William M.. Chicaro. HI.
Lyons, James. Chloaro. 111.
Hon*, Wong- D.. Tucson. Aria. Maaa. Herbert Q., Merril. Wis. _
•Hover, Rimer E„ Corp.. Sedan. Kan. 'Madiiln. Francis W.. Atwood. Kan.
•Hudson, Herman P.. Baiter 3r,rinira. Kan. Marten. Arthur I„ Elfin. IU.
•Hunsaker. Everett L.. Atlanta. Kan. Mahaffie. Earl p.. Olathe. Kan.
'Hunt. Joseph F., Corp., Arkansas City. Mahaney. Claude jr.. Cam.. Birchtrre. Ma
>■-■- 'Mahair Jsn— * ="—'-— «•--
hinga, James B . Arkaneaa City.
'. Faulkner. Kan. Marchieli
. .... .... can. m.
•Manley. Homer W.. Winiield. Kan.
Hutti. Theodore F. .Juneau. Wis. Manning. Lloyd E., Paxleo, Kan.
Intel. James M„ Corp.. Faulkner. Kan. Marchlell. Frank. Chicago. III.
Inrraham William K.. Galena. Kan. 'Marshall, Horry W.. Hewon. Kan.
'Ireton. Robert W.. Winfield, Kan. Marten. Fred W.. Oneio. Kan.
Isaacson. Peter M.. St. John. Aria. Marxieula. Emidlo. Chicaro, 111.
•Jaoobson, Paul B„ Waterrille. Kan. MaaLen. Orvll J;, Mahaska. Kan.
Jenkins, Aleaaiider, Konnw City. Itun. •Hdycr. Albert K.. 91, Oeorae. Kan.
i. John T.. Dulut
oom, Clarence B.. Topeka.
•McCartney. Frank B.. Arkansas City. Uu
•McClarren. Charles O.. Lenta. Kan.
McClean, Corwln F.. Wellinrton, Kan.
McClure. Carl C. Sa^.TBaiter Sp'rtnrs. Km
•McCullooi. Jay. Wlnfield. Kan.
McCullourh. Kay S.. Bellaire. Kan.
Company G, American Expeditionary Forces
foDonald. Cleo. Com.. Westmoreland. Kan. Shatter.
I, David B.. Bark
Shea, Charles p., Hastings.
•Shield*. Jess A.. Columbus
Hhideler, Fiord Q ; ._Corp.. Mineral. Kan.
Smith, Claytc
. vJliSnej.
Miichell,
Miu-hell.
Mil.-hell,
Wis
Mwr^mar
H 01 "***^
■•
•Mora'an. George V., Blue R.-ipkls.
■Morris. Harry 0., Onega, Kan.
Mcinpr, Harry M.. Salem. Ho.
Muntlay, Talmam M.. Cedarvale.
Xeator, William J.. Cook, MarysYil e. Kan
•Nichols. Ronald D., Onaga. Kan.
Nielajid. Prank H., Handcook. Mid
■O Donnald. Thomas W„ Onaga, Kan.
Olson. Otto. SI rum. Win.
•Packark. Grant L.. LabetlB City
PadEctl. Albert. La Salle. 111.
■Parka. Clayton I.. Fillsburg. Kan
. Co-
Parrett. Joseph P.. Campbellsport
•Patty. Leroy H.. Qalena. Kan.
• Pa tteraotK Charles E.. 3p„ Paola
Kan.
.... — -j.. Mineral.
Americas, Kan.
Weir Citf, Kan.
rinm K»n.
City. Neb.
rj'anri j., a^mmet. * —
William it.. Emm.
Emmet. Kan.
.1.. Emmet. Kai
;srb<i]]. Iriiac. Kansasjaty. Kan.
ton. Charles P.. Bailer 'Springs
i-> u uum, Harold E ..Minneapolis. Mum.
•Payne. James M.. Burden. Kan.
Peterson, Clarence 0.. Maple Groire. Wis,
■Phelps. Harry I)., Sal.. Rock. Kan.
I'lcklum. Charles E., McCook. Neb.
■Pixley, Oren R.. Stockton. Kan.
PTeta. Claude C.Cook.. Manhattan. Kan.
•Prewett. Ralph. Weir City. Kan.
Prultt. Jess A.. Sgt., Galena. Kan.
Prucklah. Kdward, Corp.. St. George. Kan.
rmi!'!** inwnh V Corp.. Manhattan. KaJ
Weir City. Kan.
•Rpyif!' li*U V k^slii"Franei»co. Calif.
•Reym. Clare A.. Baxter Spring*. Kan.
•Ri-jbortnon', Emry's.. Riley. Kan.
'Robinson. George. Columbus. Kan.
Rooks. Charlea E„ Corp.. Boulder. Colo.
anchex. Benjamin. Mora. N. Men.
.™n^l, Herman PV, Set. WheatOD. Kail.
Sclithder. John. Weimer. Ark. Kan.
chowaJur. Marcus M.. Bat.. Halstead. Kan. Young. Waller W.. Amery. Wis.
ctiupB, William I"., Mctamora, ill. Youngbauer. Edward. Corp.. Clequet.
ohmi5l. Albert C. Jr.. Elkhom. Wis. Zima. Anthony H.. Emmet. Kan.
Scliuchart. John W., Watervllle. Kan. Zinunerman. Joe. Chipewa Palls. Wir
rlfert. Prank J.. Kansas City. Kan, •Zocbert. Oscar. Wausau. Wis.
entetf. Peter. Chicago. III. "Zoeller. Henry J.. 91. George. Kan.
Company H, 353rd Infantry, American Expeditionary Forces
Bennett. John W.
Csv«ioii*h. Jes«
Coviiulon. John W.
Dorfmeier. V. Z.
•FraneheLn, L. W.
Goebel William R.
Johnoou, Sebastian K.
LflWiB. J. C.
Louis. Gilbert N.
Meyers, W. M.
Reeaa. Tom
Rlee, Leo-lard M.
Scanlon, Jinn E.
Solver. Freri M.
•Sutton, Raymond C.
Wlckeraham. J. W.
Aekerman. Ce
* Allen. Charles H.
. Tlurllnglon, Kan.
., Good land. Eon.
PearTi'.. Goodland. Kan,
.. Ssrt.. Columbus. Kan,
Anderson, Pllmmi
Anthony. Dewey, i
Armatronr. Jamen :
Anhiey. Sheridan L
•Atchison. Hrury W.. AgricfllB, Kan.
•Badenhoop. William P.. Herinjton. Kan.
•Baghl ay .Joseph C„ Elkhart, Kan.
•Baker. Thomas A.. Culllaon, Kan.
F.arnow. William M.. Corp.. Aliceville, Kan
^Barrett. WIIIInb. P.. Weir .City u Kaa.
Iroquois Hotel. New York City. K.
Saratoga Spring*. N. Y.
Esmond, Va.
45 Rlverdale St.. Daylon. Ohio
Wheeling-. W. Va.
Tyrone, N. Mci.
Lytlon Bldj.. Chicafo. 111. .
t. 3t. Lonis, Ho.
Columbua. Ohio
r 81., THIln. Ohio
K. B. '
Li'IO (iromwood St.. Pueblo. Colo.
ri41tl Colfax Blvd.. Denver. Colo.
£940 Highland Place. Indian apo lie. 1
i. John
Elmqulat. He ... .
•Eml*, John 1... <;™ii,
ni City. Okie
idarquet tc. Kan .
'-■nd. Kan.
in. John.' Cook. Grantsbur*. Wis.
i. Frederic* M.. Columbua. Kan.
•p.jii-i iw- ' W-e-ui..'. Ean
Camden, otto O., 8rt„ Galena.. Kan.
•Chambei'lain. Leon E.. Pratt, Kan.
•Chapman. Prank P.. Council Grove. I
•Chaslaln. Willard. Coats, Kan.
Chamber. Prank A.. Sedan. Kan.
Chainple. Fred J.. Morristown. Kan.
Cbrtetraeon. Peter. Pottle. Kan.
Claypool. Homer C..' Corp.. PltteburtT. I
Company H, American Expeditionary Forces
Grover. Boyd. Webster. ]
Hattmin. Auiust, Gleni
•Hankoy. Louis. Preston
Hanson, l'hllilp E.. Edn
Hart. Wllllam_D..^Corp.
Karri*, CI mil
Haalauer, Jen. .... _„
•llnjoen. Thomas I.., Ri
Hoy nee, David R., Bailey vi:
- —Jm*
, Kan.
Kail.
A.. Corp.. Abilene. Kan.
nas L„ Rueland. Kan.
. R.. Baileyvllle. Kan.
. Paul J.. Sgt .^Plains. Kan.
Henninr, Harry W.. Rosedale. Wia.
Henrikson. Hans W.. Chicago. III.
Henry. Bert a Athol. Kan.
HerkTn"' John "*"' EaMoVian ™'
•Henulmi, Warren H.. Lebanon. Kan.
Hlnes' Guy H.i Goodwill. *w. Vi.
■Hodapp. Albert R.. Leavenworth, Kan.
•Hoeme. Henry. Preeton. Kan.
•Holbrooke Roland B,,. Pi-all. Kan.
Llewellyn. Clarhdale. Art*.
•Loran. Jesse G.. Lebanon. Kan.
'Logan, Roy. Smith Center. Kan.
Loveali. Louis' Fh«rstaff P Ariz". *"'
Losar, Andrew A.. Sit.. New Ulysses, Kan.
oser-h
•Hosier." H
■jx,
Smith Center.
Houllberr.
Archie
J'., 'nu
in. Ka
•Humrick.
Frederick O .
Id lem an," Charles
i ■<.
. Leb'i
uion. ;
•I tin man,
•laom, Br
jD8 ?P n -
.. w l V
» T ™' , £ r,h '
Jan.es. Jb
Jenkins.":
McKenzie, Ralph W.. Corp., Columbus,
MoKimmens, Wilder D„ Wameea, Kan.
Jones,' Charles'O.. Huriington. Kan.
•Jones. James, Stockton. Kan.'
•Jones, J. P.. Columbus, Kan.
Jones. Noel. Camp Verdi. Arte.
Kaiser. Lester S., Corp.. Wichita. Kb
Kristen. Arthur C. Pesthiro. Wis.
KellyT^SlTani' P. B 8si DiSSi. Calif.
McMillon, Archie S.. Topeka. Kan.
McWhitney. Stephen W.. Plains, Kan,
■Meek, Fred C, Pratt. Kan.
KeAUiater, Luther. Cook. Saffort. Ariz.
fdl''haleki. Adam, Chlcagn. 111.
Miller. Alerander H.. Corp.. Sallna, Kan.
Miller. Prank J.. Chanute, Kan,
Milter. Ira A.. Corp., Baiter Sprints. Kan.
•Miller. Noah G.. Sawyer. Kan.
Miller. Roy P.. Smith Center. Kan.
Miller. Vincent S.. Sgt.. Louisville. Ky.
Miles. Harry B.. Carbondale, San.
Miles, Gilbert H.. Carbondale. Kan.
'Mlshler, AkHiso L., Baxter Springs. Kan.
•Mitten, Frederick P., Miltonvsle. Kan.
•Moeller. Eugene C. Goodland. Kan.
•Mueller, Rudolph. Preston. Kan.
Moran. Arthur. Kansas City, Kan.
More, George J„ Klncade, Kan.
Mork. Melvln. Avery, Wlncnnein.
Mounts, Omar. Wakefield, Kan.
Muoller, Henty, Corp.. Taylor Ridge. III.
•Murphey. Orfn J.. Pratt. Kan.
•Mustgrove, Cortle J,. Culllson. Kan.
Neasie. Coakley T.. Corp.. Pratt. Kan.
Nelson. Prank J.. RoecXlo, Kan.
Nltcband. William.
WS.V
Lawaon. 'John S
•Linen, Samuel C
Norton, Oscar L., Scandia. Kan.
•Norrls. Charles F.. Pratt. Kan.
O'Keefe. Arthur, Kansas City. Mo!*
•Omsbee. Earl. Smith Center. Kan.
Overhoits, Edward R.'. Kansas City, Mo.
Papat. Anthony. Bn. Runner. Louiabur*.
Parker. Milton. WatervtHe. Kan.
Parr. Lester. Corp.. Rossvllle, Kan.
•Payne, 'Lewis, Garden City. Kan.
•Pearson, George W Cullfson, Kan.
Peltier. Cyril". Clyde, Kan.
Perrelt, Emll. St. Joseph. Kan.
Peterson. John D„ Beatrice. Neb.
Pllkenton. George R.. Hadden, Kan,
Pitchford. William T.. Tuscon. Aria.
•Plummer, Harry C, Columbus. Kan.
'Post. David. Bellalre. Kan.
Regimental Directory SSSrd Infantry
ElH, Jamea B.. PilMbDrr. Kan
Wulf, Alfred J.. _..
Wurat, Jowph. ChitM",
York. Cluirl™ P., Piatl,
Youngham. William, 91,
uXee. WU,
Company I, 353rd Infantry, American Expeditionary Forces
DorlmelM-; Vlryil Z.
Hewitt. Jaroco S.
•Lu.-hlenberc, Curl O,
■Prealon", Prank D.
Van Frank. Fred H.
Wellington. Marcel lus B
Zlpoy. Frank J.
Maker. Vli-tur B.' Corp.'. Great Bend. 1
llakly. Fred 0.. Byara. Okla.
V.. l-orai, Kan.
IradShaw "Salnh'O.. Corp..
Mo.
Corp
amphS'.
'adley, Leo I
-■-■--w. Rain'
EMIT, Wich
:riice."ChBri» X.'. fstslrt.. Mcpherson. K
Brundage, Raymond. Kelso. Kan.
runs. Phillip. Corp.. Aplinjton, Iowa
uek. Frank W.. Garlleld. Kan.
ullock. Arole. L. Cook. Sun City. Kan
uniBarner. Harry, Pltlsbiirr. Kan.
utter. Abner. Stockton. Kan.
Wtaflefd P^Altamon".' Kan.'
onn B.. Co. Runner. Council Oro
.'"Muriel J.. Holly, Colo.
. Henry c. Runnymede. Kan.
es. Ralph E.. Lancaster. Kan.
i, Ray A., Midco. Minn.
Alonio C. S^t,. Alohison. Kan.
oersr, jonn i.. Liejevan. r\
Loren W.. Corp.. McPhen
11a. Mathew V.. Chicago,
in took, Clarence. Atchison
-NK ADDRESS
110 Kan ton Ave.. Lynch burr, Va.
A. a. O., Waahlnijlon. D. C.
Greeley. Colo.
1471 Oak' St.. Columbua. Ohio
N. R.
5637 Van Velum Ave., St. Louis. Mo.
Bramwell. W. Va.
New York. N. Y.
Beloit. Wis. *""
Cincinnati. Ohio ■
Seneca Hotel, Columbua. Ohio
c-o Atlas Powder Works, Wilmington. Del.
Columbus. Ohio
Windsor. 111.
400 Equitable' Hldr.. Denver. Colo.
92* N. 3rd St., K. Grand Forks. Minn.
Connor. James W.. Cheney. Kan,
•Coombs. Harry L.. SB.. Olnthe. Kan.
Corner. John 8., Atchison. Kan.
~- " "~vton M.. Kinwa. Kan.
I, Allen. S. D.
Comwoil. Se»
Crabtroe. M&~vniWL, .
Culklns. George a'. Bugl'ei. * .va-—--
•Cummins. Owen. Dover. Kan.
Curren. Charles A.. Aberdeen. 3. D,
•Curtis, George F.. Grenola. Kan.
Davenport. Thomas B., Atchison. E
pew. 'Henry V.
•Dilley.
Kansas City. Mo.
H.. Herlngtt
Kk-
«r, Arthur. Lincoln, 1
Corp.. Alcl
.. Atchison.
Echert. Aleiander. Corp.. Alchllson. Kan.
Elliott, Frederick P.. Co. Runner.
Indianapolis, Ind.
Kmmtri, Jesse L.. Hem. Kan
Engleborn, Phillip J.. St. Louis. Mo.
Erlckson, Matt. Byars. Okla.
Erwln. Michael E.. Eagle City. Okla.
•Eshom, Frank. Cummin gsv II le, Kan.
Evans. Morris. Manhattan. Kan.
•Everen. Henry. Hayfleld. Mlna.
•Farley, Albert' J.. Atchison, Kan.
•Kler
.. SKI..
. Kan.
. Medlord. Wis.
'Garland. Sylvesl
J.. White City. Kan.
Gaston, Charles W.. Seneca. Kan.
Geli ton. Leroy. Menominee Falls. Wis.
Gerety. Nicholaa G., Corp.. riorKmvllle. Knn.
■fiilwon, Walter S„ Lancaster. Kan.
Glim l ad. Charles. SO., Lancaster. Kan.
Gigs tad. Harry. Lancaster. Kail.
•Gilbert. Ottle. Emporia. Kan.
Glllaspy^ James T.. Osa»e Cilt Kan.
Glass; Wilbur E *' Parker"™ an." 1 '
•Golden. Reed H.. Sgt.. Lawrence. Kan.
•Graves. Fred D.. Atchison. Kan.
Griffin. Hiram C, Clay Center. Kan.
•Guild. Roy B.. Auburn. Kan.
Regimental Directory 353rd Infantry
Paul. Minn. 'Levi*. Kay. Hardtner. Em.
lerson, Kan. Lane. Ru, Burlington. Kan.
E._ Huron. Kan. "Llnde. William C. Wnlle City. Kan
Loekart. Waller L„ Plttaburc. Kan.
. Lody. Charlie. Poynetts. Wis.
LoBl. Joseph. Chicago. 111.
Loner. Alfred B.. Dawn. Mo.
Loreni. Joe. Bet., ■•-■-■— "—
•Lull. Albert B„ ..
■Luiz, Herman G-..
•Mackay. W "
Mader. Will
•Lull. Albert B . Atchison. aKn.
i. Re*. Runner. Medicine Lodfl
Mall. Antlione. Sit.. Rosedale. Kan.
Malone. Clayton, 9«t., Liberal. Kan.
Marlstt. Harry o.. Sit.. Alta Vint*. Kan.
Mmrowinkle. Lloyd. Co. Runner.
Kansas City. Kan.
MrClure. Fred, Sud. art., Tooeka. Kan.
"" " -■-*■ "Villinm C. Great Bend. Kan.
~" Atchison. Kan.
•MoCunnfck '
Can. McDonald.' Aaron 1
MrXee. William H . 'Cedairale. Kan
Company I, American Expeditionary Forces
', Fred II., Monrovia, Ban.
Robinson. Henry H.. Co. Ki
Los Anrelen. Cain
Kodonhaugh. Ernest.
Rodriuuex, Manuel. '_.._-. -.
Ruehl. Mathla* Corp.. Hopkhu. Minn
Rogers. Clyde J. Elfcwort 1 - **-
ihington. D. C.
Elmer E.. Alrhlaon.
n. Henrj - " "
Anrelen.
Ca»;ker""city. Kan
Corp., Llndsborg. San. 'Tabor. Charln Lee. Atchison, Kan.
•KoweV Clyde a". Atchison. Kan. Tesre, Daniel. Corn.. Farthin'glon. Kan.
•Rubd. Anthony C. Catherine, Kan. Teachner. William C, Chieero, 111.
a-'azar. Jose I!.. BprlntWrlUB, Am. Thoman. Roy a,. Mech,. Bunker Hill. K
' " ~ " ' ' J - •Thornsii. Qeorae B., Ruahville, Mo.
Thomas, Anthony. Faribault. Minn.
Thompaon. Michael, Scandla, Kan.
Thomlon, Vom 1... Ccntralia Kan.
Jjjood^Kan. Tomanok. Frank F.. Reg.Runner. Gov
Bchreiber, 1
dchrlek. Fret. .... _. -
Schroedar, Joseph. Fedoria. Win. *Vanrhn. Jamee Ft.. Kiowa. Kan.
Schroeder. Otto F.. Ell
Sqhroeder. Oeorre G..
Schater. 'Daild d. Burr_Ort. K.
SchmaneklJ Arthur
ilpfi R..Cori£ Fi
Emll. MSr~
d W.. SKI.
_. .oser- "'
:~ "Urban J.
Swalona. Edwa . .
Sewell. Robert T . Alburquerque. I
•3haw. Chsrlee D.. Crawford. Kan
Short. Orin L.. Blue Kaplds. Kan.
Siu. Albert R.. Hayee. Kan.
Skabalsky, John W., Florence. Win.
•SkaCTB. Herachel. Medicine Lodge. Kan.
•Slater. Louis M.. Topeka. Kan.
•Smllh, Charles ii Kanapolis. Kan.
Smith, Frank J.. Wlnkelman, Arte.
•Smith. Peter E„ Mech.. Praiiieylew. Kan
Smith. L. L.. Snowllake. Aria.
Smith. Leslie A.. Corp.. Sabetha, Kan.
Smith. Robert A., Corp.. Presoott. Ariz.
Snodmas. Orie. Corp.. Ellinfham, Kan.
Soudera, Vernon JI., V "" " —
Company K, 353rd Infantry, American Expeditionary Forces
NAME
LAST KNOWN KA.
Bowler. John F,
2nd Lieut.
Chase. Erskln It.
lit Lieut.
Crofut. John L.
Davis, Charles O.
lKLIeut.
Furlonr. Harold A.
G laser. Hu(o TO.
and Limit
•Gunby. Fred W.
If! Licui.
R
Major
Hewitt. Junes S.
Huated, Elbert E.
Cant.
ami Wfut
■Jonee. OrriR R.
K
2nd Lieut
Jr..
lit Lieut.
McDonald', Allen C.
•Monnn, H' ran els M
•Parrinh, Robert E.
•RS'raartrSinsell A.
1st LlSSt'
Smith, Francis T.
'Jnd Lleui
■stnme. Paul I,.
Major
1st Lieut.
•Wheat. Alonao E.
Abdo. William C. Mankato
Kan
ADDKE88
Sprlnifleld. Maes.
saiS Wiuihlnrton St., To:
Kantian City, Mo.
S60S Benton Bird.. Ki
2 SO W. Grand Blvd.
Brooklyn. N. Y.
Detroit. Mich.
Cblllieothe. Mo.
Lytton Rld«\, Chicafo. m.
Bramwell. W. Va.
434 TO. 3rd St.. Junction City. Kan.
Bo (talus
\dani*. Ham J.."lst Sit., New tirlean
■-* -31s. John C.. Easlon. Kan.
naon. Harold W.. Chicago.
nnon. Max. Mesa Sit.. Wet
I, John A.. Ransom. Ban.
i. Clarence E.. Oswi
i. 111.
•Barns. George E.. Hays. Kan.
•Barrand. Lawrence W., Leona. Ban.
•Barton. Harvey L.. Ellsworth. Kan.
•Beard. Orley B.. Mound Valley, Kan.
Bessley. Edmund A.. Parsons. Kan.
•ltccn. .lames F„ Elx City. Kan.
^Behler. pinion; Severance. Kan.
Company K, American Expeditionary Forces
Paler. EmmtH it., Sit., Bendena. Kin.
Tmih. Burl P.. Cheiopa. tan,
Fouta. Ellin It.. Hudson. Km.
French. Leo M.. Flint. Mich,
Funk. Ralph E.. Bugler. MillonTale. Kan.
GallouD.^LloTd.^.^LlnaHn Center^ Kan.
;Loe. Howard.
■. William'.' Corp.!
„ CoUyar. Kan.
Com!. Carfollton.
(lolTiiiER." 'HFnfy"0.! Atohison. ' Kan . '
Grei-ory. Jacob A.. Oxford, Nebr, (De«
•Habbart. Joseph H,. Wilson. Kan.
■Hftt'ltler. I.lnyd. Parsons ,Kan.
•Halllnr. Aurust W., Leona. Kan.
Hammill. Arthur C N. E. Minneap
•Handlln. William B., Geneaeo. Kan.
•Hancock, Walter D.. Severance. Kan
Haney. David P.. Weatileld. Wis.
Howard. Richard. Kanheim. Fa.
•HUfKc. Fred H.. Mound Valley. Kan.
•Hueke. John F.. Mound Valley. Kan.
Hudson. I-eonard M.. Kanapolls. Kan.
Jennings. Charles R.. Chicago. 111.
Johnson. Samuel A., Sri.. Troy. Kan.
Johnaon. Nelson R.. Humboll. Aria.
•Juhnaon. Charles. Kanopolls. Kan.
Johnson. Harold, Mech.. Mellen, Wla.
Jolinnten, Paul B.. Delphua. Kan.
■Jul™. George W . Hartford. Kan.
Joyce. Amnio, N. R.
■Judd. Seih v.. Wathena. Kan.
Kalupy. Slanisb. Princeton. Wis.
•Keek, Carl. Blair. Kan.
lldorado Springe. Wo.
Regimental Directory 353rd Infantry
wHncheksartiw. Cwl. cEicwr
Wmrd T« F.. Chmule. Kan.
Waterman, Wl 1... Cuba. Ks
Wmtwfid. Cwirgt! Whealon. ill.
WeitMl, Ownr v.. Brooklyn. Wis.
Whiiini. Clarence M .. Lens. Wis.
Company L, 353rd Infantry, American Expeditionary Forces
LAST KNOWS' RANK ADDBES8
Seaman, Waller L.
Cant.
Gardner. Masn.
Bodle. Davis P .
ana Lleul.
Cabot. Artt.
chrintoph, cbarMi a.
r-'redorteluitown. Mo.
Cooper, William S.
192 eth St.. Ambridge. Pa.
Colorado Springs, Colo.
•D'Amour, Fred E.
■2nd Lleul.
Gillratimp, Charles O.
Gardner. Ward A.
let Lieut.
Wonstnr Orove. Mo.
■2nd Lieu I.
Madison Ave., Memphis. Turn.
•McCave. Mark M.
Salem. Oregon.
•Prindle, Marshall E.
Qlondale. Calir.
Reese. Thomas M.
Mineral Ridge. Ohio
• Reynolds, Leonard T.
Rice. Leonard M.
1st. LiCUt!
3001 Wash, Blvd.. Chicago. III.
Sohutt. Robert K.
■1350 Von Verson Ave.. St, Louis. Mo.
•Slnnatt. Lawrence J.
Cleveland. Ohio
Smith. Royal If. Q.
Id Lieut!
Gorham. Maine
•Tenant. Alvin J.
Tubbs. Loll F.
2nd Lieut.
Independent*, Wis.
TJnderhM. Robert M.
Lonr Branch. N. J. „ ,_ _
Webster. Thomas M.
l»t Lieut.
Alner. Car A Foundry Co.. New York. N
Acker. Franklin D„ Watertown, S. D
Acker. Joseph N.. Watertown. S. D,
Alfred. Eugene D.. llea\eiii*oi-tli. Km
Allen, Alfred C Sherman, Tex.
Alley. James F.. Loot). Eon.
Anderson! John A., Wichita. Kan.
Arnold. Solomon S\. Frankfort. Kan.
Atenclo. Alberto. S«„ Fort Garland.
•Atwood. Charles H„ Sgt.. Fall Rlvei
Barnes, Roy I).. Esriton. Kan.
■Baly. Lee, Parsons. Eon.
Baiter. Fred M.. Corn.. Stockton. Kan
Banter, Roland. Geraldlne. New Zeali
Beck. Sunt M.. Stanley. Minn.
Becker. Floyd, "Mlnne
Robert A.. Chetopa. Kan.
osiii, David F.. Hutchinson. Ean.
•Berry. George A„ Emmas City. Kan.
• B el l i Rot C. Severly. Ean.
Billings, Dean R.. Maplehlll. Kan.
Billings, tieorge E., Cherryvale. Kan.
BlnKeeli, Albert, Oketo, Kan.
■Bird. Chester A.. Stockton. Ean.
•Bitsko. Mh-hael K..'' Mound" Valley! Kan
Blaekman. El lie R.. Mlllsville. Wis.
Block. Edward L., Milwaukee, Wis.
Blom. Guslave. Chicago. III.
Bonn, William, Genoa Junction. Wis.
naa A.. Weir City. Kan.
nrecune, neater F.. Mound Valley, Ean.
Breunele. Carl E., Hanover, Ean.
Brelt, Joe M„ Hays Ean.
Brewer, Charles C. Denver. Colo.
Brooke. Vers B„ Perkins, Okla.
Brown. George W.. Aurora. III.
Brown. Merrltt L.. Codell. Ean,
Brown, William A.. Beittle. Kan.
Brules. Charley, Olathe. Kan.
[•■»•* ley l"usi-i P Kuis>« Ean
•Bunnell, John G„ Elodrado. Kan.
Brumater. William C " " —
Fii-hfrk, John R.. Eliioradi
Butler, "* ■ ■ '
Cabutii
Butler. Frank A.'.' Jackson, Wl
By rum. Dow L., Corp.. A led a.
•Csidwi
'Ljnwii, ban. vol Cairo, nr.
Colt. Marlon E . Set.. Valley F
302
Regimental Directory 353rd Infantry
•Gardeis. dm F. PliUnTme^Ko.
•Gales. fcyen.o. D.. Sgt.. Oak Pu-k. 111.
•Gebbardt. Albert J., Corp., Minneapolis.
•Gebweller. Charles F„ Chippewa Falls.
•Oervala, Alphonae, Farro, N. D.
Glaier. Fred. Altamont. Kan.
Glllee, Joan. Boyd, W<-
'Qleue. Herman, Mi
- _ „ Corp.. Chieas-O. 111.
Killing worth, William. Ash Grove. Mo.
Klllmede, Daniel J.. Denver, Colo.
■Kirk, Henry H.. Parsons. Kan.
Kirkbrlde. Emmnm W.. Cunninstiam. Kan.
Klettle. Theodore, Rlpon. Wis.
Knapp. Henry P.. Chicaco. IU.
Knoebber, Frank H.. Set.. Pail™. Kan.
"Koch. Charley, Parsons, Kan.
•Xoerner. Frank. Mumror, Kan.
Kopp, Waller C„ Srt., Harvey-vl lie. Kan.
Kreulacr. John. Corp.. Hiawatha. Kan.
•Kroecer. Henry F.. Bills, Kan.
•Kucinakl, Mucislaw, Kenalnnon. HI.
Kukula. Charlea A.. Claflin. Kan.
■Kuakutee, Peter. Tarpon Spring™. Fla.
Runs, Frank W.. Co. Runner. Chieaco. 111.
Labundy, Ernest V... Darlen. Wis.
Lauber. Emll. Tales Center. Kan.
Lautr, Herman P., Milwaukee. Wla.
•Leddlck. Leon W.. Pontiac. Mich.
Lcfever. Earl Bf .. Corp., Anthony. Kan.
•Leil-bton. Samuel D., Dhrhlon. r»—
Lelker, Fred ' " — vK3-3Z .
•Lelker, Pelt
Lewiu. Arlliu
•Lloyd, John C„ Corp..' Dirh ton, Kan.
Loean, William H . Sjrt.. Eakrldse. Kan.
I,ongnerker. Claude, Columbus. Kan.
•Loth. Phillip J.. La Crosse. Wia.
Luckey. Clyde M., Co. Runner. Harper. Kan.
LukovJch. John. Cobrui. Russia
Lyons. Article O., Corp.. Paxic
Madden. Harry %., Men Ski..
... .... Harry J.. K. It
Humphries. Jenae M„ Haya.
•Hunter, (■'red, Labette. Kai
Hyde. Adrian T., ColleyTlllc
Hyde. Harry. af™,i:,„,f v;„
Maunan. Henry' A,. Vermillion.
■Jackson, Lloyd R. "
■Jacoble. Lee M. *
Sjt„ Beulah, Kan.
... Hartey K.. Cadotl
GeorsM V
Wis.
.. Mech., Anlhon
•Johnson'. Clyde E.. Rocklord'. II
Johnson. Thure K.. Superior, W
Johnson. Elliot O.. CoHeyville. 1
Johnson. Waller M„ Oregon. W
•Johnson, Emil. Toulon, 111.
•Johnson. Le«ter, Douplaes. Ka
Joiner, Oscar, Corp.' Galnsyille.
•Jones. Floyd R„ Parsons. Kan.
•Jones, Jesse B„ Enterprise. Ka
■Jordan. John W.. Blaekwell. C
•Jortngual. Blcbard J-. Thlel R
Karls. Michael J.. Sit.. Dresden. 1
"Koenui*. Jcsaa R„ Webster. Kan!
-Keller. Jobn. Hays. Kan.
Kelley. Jesse P.. Johnston. Kan.
Keller. Lee D.. Elk City. Kan.
Kemp. Everett w.. Hiawatha. Ka
Master, Weaver L.. 8ft..
•Mathews. Herbert W., Whitewatnr. Wi«.
Maxwell, Charles. Chalons "—
. Burllnrame, Kan.
Wn" — •""
'"iil'-i
McGulrc. William A„ Corp.. Slerllna-. I
McKean. Gerald A.. Espon. Kan.
McKinney. Eiley E.. Colony. Kan.
■— "- L.. Haya, Kan.
i. Mariette. Kan,
•Men iher. Joe
Georie. Pfelf Ji
: , 'Kan. '
. Robert' R.. Di«-hiorr. Kan
nuih Bend.
Arnold H -
Wufiam V
>e. Cltlford
Nelson, Elmer J„ Atwater. Minn.
Nelson, James If.. Ardmore. Okla.
•Newby, Bertie. Montana. Kan.
■Nickel, Charles P., Chetopa.Kan.
Miholay. Irl C. Scrauton. Kan.
Nolan, John L„ Corp., Wichita. Kan.
O'Donnel. John M.. Corp.. Cummer field. I
Oelburer, Edward, alley. Kan.
Olaon. Everett A.. Edna. Kan.
Ollphant. Charles W.. sit., Chenyvalt. I
Company L, American Expeditionary Force*
Overholser. Everett W.. Belleville. Kan.
Pablo*, DemetriO L,, Phoenix. Aril.
■Paleoske. Ed, McFarland. Km.
Paloiitler. Orel B- Cook. Gamelt, Kan.
■Patterson. Curl F.. Kliunuan. Kan.
•Payiit. Charles D.,Osweio. Kan.
Peck. Fred. Clyde. Kan.
Pedretll. Benjamin. Clarkdale. Aril.
•Peerv. Edward J„ Corp.. Osare Clly. Kan.
Fennel. Merlon C, N. Libert. Ind.
'Perry. Harry E.. Parson*. Kan.
•Peterson, Herman H.. Alma. Kan.
"Fotrttis, Anion. Homestead. Kan,
Phillips ' Henry 6., Corp.. Washburn. Wis.
•Porter,' Clifford H.'. San Francisco.' Calif.
Prater. Roy L.. Co. Runner.
1 Priem. Ralph fi..' Columbu*. Wi*.
•Preuas, Arthur R., Elroy, Wis.
Proctor. Harry. Corp. St. Loui*. Slo.
ff-rr.ii *«rrlu e ■■'
Prout. Kiel. Portland,
■uifii
Bnenilar. Byrl. if., Denver. Colo.
Stackhouse. Clyde T„ Yuma, Colo.
•Stein, Lyman. Hay*. Kan.
Stein kirchner. William. Newton. Kan.
Stinson. Archibald a.. Kansas City. Kan.
•Stone. Charles E., Hays. Kan.
""""'" T *" — r P., Corp.. Paxico, Kan.
i, Milton ft, Corp..
MurH]l_C
Milwaukee. W
.. .. .Klnrman. Wis.
Qulnley. Henry Blua Rapids. Kan.
Belle. Frederick Al Corp.. Tescott. Kan.
•Retneke. Emll C. Alta Vlala. Kan.
•Ret Ike. Leo C. Alma. Kan.
•Rhode*, Howard, Barron. Wis.
Rive. Frank R , Corp., Alma. Kan.
•Rleck. Albert J.. Lake Clly. Minn.
•Ruil. Frank A.. Marysvllle. Kan.
Rliiuto, Louis. La Junta. Colo.
•Roar*. Robert, McFarland. Kan.
Bobbins. Harry L., Corp.. Attica. Kan.
Roberta. Georre O.. Sauna* City. Mo.
Robnon. Adam A.. Yates Center. Kan.
Rodrli-nei. Jack v.. 'Selerman, Aria,
."dre^'leaf. Kan. w.
Santo. William T.
■San torn. Guise —
E.. Sat.
N^Web
s, Chics,
■bster, Kan
o'. 111'.
t. William T„ Aurnata. Kan.
Srhlnffrt, Alnheu* G.. Sgt.. Defiance. Ohio
•Schmidt. Henry N„ Maryaville. Kan.
■Schoenbencer. Frank. Haye. Kan.
•Schreckler, William. Cook. Pitt-burr. Kan
Schrelber. Jacob B., Sit.. Wameio. Ban.
Scully. John C., Chicago. 111.
•SelawoiiLTik, Alexander. St. Paul. Minn.
Senne. Edwin E., Alma. Kan.
■Wsltrip. Roy. Paraoaa. Kan.
■Wanklyn, Albert L.. Frankfort, Kan.
'Ward. Roy E.. 1st art.. Anctula, Kan.
Wasln(rer. Paul J.. Busier. Munj'or. Kau.
— — anberj. Christopher J., Maryaville,
ihley, Franktyn K r . ..
[lemeyer. Charlee. Marysvuje. a*ji.
h, Anaa'las N*.. ShcHMiohen'. Kan.
. Harry W.. Sit.. Maryaville. Kan.
T.twtby, Ivers Jr.. Rosewood, Minn.
White. Floyd S.. Corp.. Hardin. Colo.
•While. Has, Oswero. Kan.
■Whltesell. Wlnfleld S.. Caldwell. Kan.
Whitmer. Henry A.. Sit.. Wilson. Kan.
Widmer. Earl. Si"
•Shively. Roy L.. Scran ton. Kan.
•Slebeti thaler. Harry L., Merriam, Kan
•Simon*. Cuy R., woods ton. Kan.
Simpson. Harry E„ Jenninn. Kan.
•Sitek. Joe. Overland Park. Kan,
Sitlerle. Clemens. Denver. Colo.
SUfrle. Lynn E„ Corp.. Bolivar. Mo.
Smith, Albert. Edna. Kan.
•Smith, Ewald E.. Fond du Lac. Wl*.
•Smith. Frank A„ Watklns. Minn.
. Wl*.
•Wieae, 1
•Winer. Henry A., Vassar. Kan.
. Wilcox, Albert. Chicago. 111.
•Wilcox. Charles K.. Corp.. Walluku Mi
Hawaiian Islands
•Williams. Tom. Quenemo. Kan.
Wilson, Ernest. Corp.. Ashland. Kan.
Wilson. Frank L., Eldorado. Kan.
•Wilson. Roy E., Snioer, Minn.
•Wilson. Walter E„ Paxico, Kan.
WlniBte. Charles R.. Anthony. Kan.
Wlnkenweider. Frederick A„ Baffler.
Wyre, Bumey II., Corp.. Eskrldie.
Takes. Herman A.. Lake Geneva.
... ._.._ " pin „ *--
Biltrld
Zlecer.'jobi
nc* W., Eskrldie, Kan.
Lisle, ill.
j la* J., Eskrldie. Kan.
A.. Frontenae. Wis.
H., Cook, Plttsbun. Kan.
Cmmpakt M, 353m> Ixpaxtwy, Amemmcam Exreamoauzr Tm
EaM «r»od Pork*. JCina.
Clark. Willi ki L.. PraU. Km.
(lirtt Samuel C-. Corp.. PmMI. Ka
Cleocin, Ben W.^TatMa-Jtan^
ConwelT'p
■OoppUB. John Q.. Itjiroart. Si
Conoiio, Natale. Oii^mo. ID.
Crabtra. Charl™ T.. Colorado Sprtafa. Ooto
•Croan. Hino B-. Mound ClUr, KlD.
Crowder. Charts. H.. Crippln Cn*. Cnk>.
Cuechlara. Tour. Kanaa* CnV. Mo.
•Cummlnn. William W.. Jtarlr.ille. Km.
■Cnnnlncbmm, Bobert L-. Cook. BUaworth.
■Daily. Frank. Hill City. Kjui-
DailK. Juh P.. Laramie. Wjo.
Duir. Fluid E.. Wakeener. Em.
De Bell. Mlnhael. Anrada. Colo.
Do Lultll. Charleii E.. S*l . Dayton. Ohio
■Dement. Walter, Concordia. Kan.
Deii Boer. Frank. Corp.. Sbcborcaa. Wi».
•Dannun, Benjamin A.. Waahlnrton. Kan.
Depperacjldt. Seraphlne. Corp.. Gnuntleld.
•Frederich. Noah. PhJJIJnabnr*,
•French, Harry, Meade. Kin.
Company M, American Expeditionary Forces
•frost, limes t K Sroolmi. Kan.
Fuglt. Richard. Fountain. Colo.
Gahaaan. Van A.. Waverly, Kan.
■Gamble. Roy B.. GreenBburg. Kan.
•Garver. Bay P., Klncade, San.
•Get fell. Andrew, Greenlee (. Kan.
Glllam. Floyd, Coutors, Mo.
•Gllson. Carl E.. Hoxle. Kan.
Gisick. Henry. Bison, Kan.
•Golden. Bills G„ Corp.. Ashland. Kan
Goodwin. Albert. Msntaka. W. Va.
-Gray. James G., Klrwln. Kan.
Gray, Wallace E., Utlca. Mont.
Graykowaki, Frank N., Milwaukee. Wl
Grimmer, Clifford R„ Corcoran. Calif,
Grove. Kenneth. Corp.. Parker. Kan.
Guslin. Jeaae S.. Hanover. Kan. -uhui. oruiur j.. mi^-;
Hani, Oscar E.. Cambridge. Wit, Leonard, Paul C. Corp
■Hale, Roy, Pratt. Kan. 'Llckteig, Philip. Park.
Hamilton, Lon Q„ Cook. Pratl. Kan. •I.lndholm. Elmer C )
Link, AdplphJW.. Co, R
., Chippewa Fails, Wis.
Hewitt. Harry, Mou
Ho If. too J.. Gulnler, Kan
lolt William R„ HJawortr
Hork
Hrouda. Charles! Hanover. Kan.
luber. Paul N„ Oberlin. Kan.
Hueschen, Erich P.. Sylran Grove.
Hulgan. Roy, Parker, Kan.
Hull. Frederick L.. Corp.. Hill City, 1
Hunter, Roy C„ Corp., Lincoln. Kan.
Hutchinson. Albert B., Rochester. I
Iraci. Pblladoplio. New York, N. Y\
Jackson. Bronce, Srt.. Barnard. Kan
■Jackson. Charles H., Boicourt. Kan. mtumr. ™»
' ' d, Clifford V.. Set.. Mound City, Kan. Mils, Lewi
j«ua, Bert L.. Hanover. Kan.' Mitchell. Arden'H.,
Janlltell. Joseph P.. Trinidad. Colo. Montgomery Wlllli
■ "innings. Jesse T.. Mound City, Kan, Moore, Ralph W„
t. Edgar. Sallna. Kan. •Moorehead. Mario
ineon. Cart H., Osage City, Kan. 'Morris. Vemer D.
meon, Clarence E„ Studley, Kan. Mounce. William H
inpiin, Clifford, Rockford. III. 'Muir, Harry A., I
June. James ai.. Lai^ritci. wii, neff. Oliver R. t Nevada.
Enrich. William H.. Cherokee Park. Colo. Neil], Alton H.. St. Johr
■Kearns. George E.. Green leaf, Kan. Nelson. Martin. Norway
'Reefer. Thomas S., Canton, Kan. Melson. Carl, Virginia. 1
Keefer, Jacob W.. Tampa. Kan. Nelaon, Clarence R.. Br
Kelly. Thomas J„ Chicago. 111. Nelson. John Jr.. Chlca
', Guy H.. Pueblo. Colo. 'Nelson. Oscar d„ Poyslppl,
— au- Q„ 1
Newlti. Frank. 1..
Nyherr. Hjali
ffTfaUL Kan.
Klngry. James'A.. Fadonia. San. 'Page, Verr L„ Clyde.
Klrlakos, Xenophone. Chicago. III. 'Parker. George W.. Greenleaf, Kan.
KltU. Ernest F., St. Joseph. Mo. Parli. Harry X.. Sgt.. Ellsworth. Kan.
Blenk. Frank, Wakccney, Kan. Parrent. Albert J. . . t .
'Kloppenberg, William G.. Hanover. Kan. "Parsons. Lynn P.. Hlinlci
•Klozcnbugher, Isldor A., Linn, Kan. 'Partridge, Clarence S., Ph
Knapps. Joseph. Leavenworth. Kan. 'Patterson, Emmett L„ Bi
Knox, Robert. Rock Springs, Wyo. 'Patlon. Hi — " "' ■'
Eobus. Walter M.. Dulutb. Minn. Paulson. Ca
Sgt.. Tennis. S. D.
306 Regimental Directors 353rd Infantry
•Pe»«. William W.. Orimmol. Kan.
■P*OB]n.. Ro, H.. Wichita. Kan.
l-etemiarin. John G.. Sweet Snrinin Mo
;i>n™.cn T.. iiiii cu, K™ n "
Wade. Luther E.. Ellilon. Mo.
•WnjTier. Roy j.. Hill City. Kan.
■Walker. Kred A.. Norton. Kan.
■Wal kins haw. James H.. Quintcr. Kan.
Wallace. Georfn J., Pardeeville. Wis.
Wallace. Rueaell R.. Colorado 3Drin<s. Colo.
Waziioiiis. John S., RocMord. 111.
■WeatherfonJ. William. La Crane. Kan.
' Wej»7wilK!m V^l^hfield. Wia.
.. Mon(ell 0j _Wl*.
. Willian
- — *... ] .„„.
.. Com.. Oaawt
Rollinintone. J
,. - — ami. Aril.
iiburt- Carl A.. Lomira. WU.
^Minn 6 '
ml*£ MfaniirArit.
"--' A.. Lomira. W_.
., Waahinrton. 1
".'"'Eitwrn"™' Mound Cil/™
.. Raj M., Dunlap
Headquarters Company, 353rd Infantry
name
Atkin*. Moses D.
Abbott. Harry C.
Ball we?, Raymond A.
Benning. Lloyd H.
Biggs. Clyde H.
Blackinton. George W.
Brown, H. P.
Butler. Charles E.
Craig. Ira N.
Cranz, C. F.
Dahmke. Fred A.
Dienst. Charles F.
Dolan, Wm. H.
Eades, Carl A.
English, George H.
Hanlett. J. C.
Hunter, Vernon D.
Keim, Thurman E.
Leedy. Harold G.
Masseck, Clinton
MoCollum, John
Melvin, Robert L.
Nixon, James G.
Noves. George B. Jr.
Peatross, J. L.
Piatt. William P.
Scott. Richard M.
Shepard, Martin B.
Sichterman, Artie J.
Seller. Vincent H.
Snouffer, Ira N.
Turner. Courtney S.
Wood, Frank M.
LAST KNOWN RANK
ADDRESS
Capt.
1st Lieut.
1st Lieut.
1st Lieut.
Capt.
Lieut. -Col.
1st Lieut.
1st Lieut.
Capt.
2nd Lieut.
Major
Capt.
1st Lieut.
Capt.
Lieut.-Col.
Capt.
Capt.
Capt.
2nd Lieut.
Major
2nd Lieut.
1st Lieut.
1st Lieut.
2nd Lieut.
Lieut.-Col.
Capt.
2nd Lieut.
1st Lieut.
Capt.
2nd Lieut.
1st Lieut.
Capt.
Capt.
Ackerman. Henry G., Corp., Menlo Kan.
Adams, Clarence C, Corp., Chetopa, Kan.
Adams, Earl J.. Independence, Kan.
Adamitas. Michael J., Chicago. 111.
• Addison, William H., St. Louis. Mo.
Adkins, Zatto C. Co. Runner Blair. W. Va.
Adyllotte, Alfred L.. 3C1 Musician,
Manhattan. Kan.
•Albers. Joseph A., Grimmel. Kan.
•Albreicht. Dick C, Natoma. Kan.
Aldrich. Charles T.. Sgt., Ottawa, Kan.
Allen, Thurman R.. Shreveport, La.
Anderson, Frank H., Ellington, N. Y.
Anadell. George H., Jamestown. Kan.
Atkinson, Elijah M., Corp., Hoxle, Kan.
Ayersinan. Steul, Coal City. 111.
•Baber, Walter. Caldwell, Kan.
Baldwin, Marion S., Gem. Kan.
• Barber, Silas, Mound Valley, Kan.
Barcu*. Charles, Co. & Reg. Runner.
Columbus. Kan.
Barnes. Frederick H., Sgt.. La Crosse. Kan.
Barnes. Samuel E., Sgt., Manhattan, Kan.
•Barrett, William H., Weir. Kan.
• Barton, James L.. Hugo ton, Kan.
• Barton, John H., Chetopa. Kan.
•Bauer, Frederick F., Kansas City, Kan.
Baustain, Bryan W.. Lucas. Kan.
•Baxter, Charles A., Gorham, Kan.
Beamer, Leon R., Eldorado, Kan.
•Bear, Earl D., Brewster. Kan.
Becker, Walter H. W., 3C1 Musician,
Sylvan Grove, Kan.
Beeler, Vernon, opeka, Kan.
Bell. Keith T., Chetopa, Kan.
Benedict, Joseph. Pittsburg, Kan.
Bennett, Oscar N., 1st Sgt.. Oswego, Kan.
•BenU, John J., Kansas City, Kan.
Berquist, Allen A„ Kansas City. Kan.
•Bigger. Taford W., Topeka, Kan.
Bird, George T., Reg-. Runner, Jackson, Tenn.
Bingham, Harry H., Sabetha. Kan.
•Bodmer. Albert E„ Paradise, Kan.
•Bohannon, Fred F\, Waco. Kan.
•Bohn. Ernest C, Chetopa, Kan.
Bohnenblust, Alvan A., Mech.. Riley. Kan.
Bonnawitz, Lavern L„ Corp., Topeka. Kan.
Blackmann, Elgie R., Neillsville. Wis.
Bleistein, Floyd A., Denver. Colo.
Bonnell, Frank P., Denver. Colo.
Boolkin. Morris, Chicago. 111.
•Boone, William N., Sgt.. Dodge City, Kan.
7020 El wood Ave.. Rogers Park, Chicago. 111.
Chicago, 111.
115 N. Delaware St.. Indianapolis, Ind.
Pueblo, Colo.
Canyon City. Colo.
205 W. 9th, Flint. Mich.
Holden, Mass.
Sturgeon Bay, Wis.
A. G. O. Washington. D. C.
c-o Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
Omaha, Nebr.
Boise. Ida.
Lynn. Mass.
Lowell. W. Va.
1016 Grand Ave.. Kansas City, Mo.
Bert rand. Colo.
Schiller Park House. Columbus, Ohio
2651 W. 29th. Denver. Colo.
Plattsburg, Mo.
The Weirs. N. H.
N. R.
East Street, Georgetown. Mass.
Cleveland. Ohio
Port Chester, N. Y.
Rolla, Mo.
Junction City, Kan.
2848 Gaylord Ave.. Denver, Colo.
Hillcrest, Beloit. Wis.
Atlas Powder Works, Wilmington. Del.
Elizabeth. N. J.
Fort Wayne. Ind.
Atchison, Kan.
Coldwell, Ohio
Boss, Lyle H.. Fort Scott, Kan.
Bourne. Bert A., Delphos, Kan.
Bradley. James, Sgt., Chicopee. Kan.
Bradley, Orrie Z., Corp.. Wichita. Kan.
Bradley. Owen. Arkansas City. Kan.
Bradshaw, Merril C. Denver, Colo.
Brancato. Matteo. Kansas City, Mo.
Bressell. George M., Bunker Hill. Kan.
Brewer, John L., Cook, Gem, Kan.
Briant. Ray, Corp., Matheson. Colo.
Brit ton, William, Bn. Runner. Weir. Kan.
•Brooks, Ade, Hays, Kan.
Braugh, Oliver A., Parsons, Kan.
•Brown, Clifford S., Fort Scott. Kan.
Brown, Jerry I., Kechi. Kan.
Brown, John W., Wakeeney, Kan.
Brown, Peter L., Bn. Sgt. Major. St. Louis.
Mo.
Brown. Lee I., Syracuse, Kan.
•Brownlee. Kenneth W., Troy, Kan.
Bruner, Elmer R., Olivet. Kan.
•Brunton, Joseph T.. Cambridge, Kan.
Buchan, Thomas, Wilson. Kan.
Buhler, Julius W.. Springfield. Mo.
•Bunce, William R., Parsons. Kan.
Bunnel, John J., Eldorado. Kan.
Bur fiend, Earl F., Corp., Denver. Colo.
Burkett, August C, Sgt.. Wichita, Kan.
Burkett, Paul J., Pleasanton. Kan.
Burkholder. William Mi» Anthony. Kan.
Burnett. George H.. 2C1 Musician. Omaha,
Nebr.
•Burns, Lysle, Winfield. Kan.
•Bushell, Ernest E., Gorham, Kan.
Button, Joseph M.. Rosedale. Kan.
Cain, William, Atchison. Kan.
Caldwell. George M., Oswego, Kan.
Capps. High B., Gretna. Kan.
Carter, James L., Salina. Kan.
Carter, Percy C, Leoti. Kan.
Can-others. Frank L.. Enid. Okla.
Casey, Hal.. 1C1 Musician. Beloit. Kan.
Casper, Oscar R„ Dorrance. Kan.
Chabasol, Edward D., Augusta. aKn.
Chalmers, Robert B„ Topeka. Kan.
Chambers, Homer F., Hoxie. Kan.
Chantelois, Arthur, Iron River. Wis.
Chappee, Perry, Greensburg. Kan.
Chelf. Floyd E., Leoti, Kan.
Choquette, Lawrence J.. Home, Kan.
•Clark, Arnold B.. Lincoln. Kan.
•Clark, Clarence P., Topeka. Kan.
Regimental Directory 353rd Infantry
QlnnrlrJt. Rudolph, Corn.. Puntlae. Kith.
•GlilUaple. Griefs T.. HuRoton. Kui.
Glover, Spencer. Wagoner. Copeland. Kin.
Goodwin. Our 3.. Concordia. Kin.
Greenfield. Benjamin. Broni. N. Y.
Grtapby. Albert R.. 3C1 Musician. Fulton.
Groff, Junes I... Bays, Kan.
•Bensehel. Sylvester J.. Kansas City, Kan.
Besler. Jess C.. Corp.. Kiowa. Kan.
Hedge*. Asa H.. Her. Runner. Kanaaa Civ.
Heldenrelch, Charles E.. Story. Ind.
Bill. Carl F.. Fort Scott. Kan.
Hilton, Ernes! J., Corp., Kansas city. Md.
Hitchcock, Stanley S.. 3Ci Muslcdu.
Highland, Kan.
Holding. Edwin. Reg. Runner. Concordia.
Holoman. Marvin L.. Bronson, Kan.
Flollnun. Frili K.. Burden
ie. Kan
57.' 3C1 Musieh
.,, .,., <• - "■
Franken. Fi
French, Clyue. <. i.nuhji"i>-. i\j...
Fuller. Walter K.. Arkansas City Kt
"bIcKu.
!°'lxiuls A
loyd O..
Clyde, Columbus. Kan.
■"liter V... Arkansas City Kan.
!tay J. H —
unaa' L..
- (Jrecnlest. Kan.
. Bn. Sgl.. Major,
■Oiibert."HarTy~J.', Moscow. Kan,
■Jill, Ernest A., Mollne, Kan.
Glllham. Ro«er R.. Ellis. Kan.
Headquarters Company, American Expeditionary Forces
KlndsJ, Pare. Topeka.
King. Churl es S.. WaL
""-'- i.*pf«l. Pan™*!
""'Ei. 6
kS^I, J '
. MCI Musician. Ottawa.
T., Kan™ City. 1
e, Stable Sgt.. Lun
•Lake. Hutt B.. Galena. Kan.
Lamoree, Levi P.. Gornam, Kan.
•Laney, Steward B.. Abilene. Kan.
Latiti. henry J.. Kaunas Oily. Mo.
, ......... HKH-rt R ._ !„[ set. /Lawrence. Kai
1 G., Anthony. Kan.
I.antron. Egbert L., Mobile. Ala.
Laahmlt. William E.. Anna. Kan.
•Leavel. David C., Emporia, Kan.
Lemon. Levi L.. Hill City. Kan.
Leonard, Harry w.. Jeanette. Pa.
•Leonard. 011b. Kinsley, Kan.
Letecb. John H., Bunker Hill. Kan.
•Lewia, Robert E.. Color Sgt.. Klnaley Kan.
Lobmeyer. George. Corp.. Creigblon, Nc"
Lollar. Lionlel £., Band Sergeant. Cheti
Lungstrom. Harry L,, Enterpriae, Kan,
London, Henry D„ Stillwater. Kan.
Long. Vernon W .. Lamed, Kan.
Longatrelh. Guy ¥.. Corp.. Colony. Kan
Kan.
Bn. Sit. Major. Fort Scott
.-, Wcai Hammond. 111.
Monnhucer. N
Mania. Earl. Thayer. Kan.
Marshall. Robert W.. Liberal. Kan.
Martin. Cal C. Roeeland. Kan.
Mathews. James, Brad Corp., Weir, Kan.
Maurer. Elmer J.. Rusaell Springs. Kan.
-Msxfiold. John W., Syracuse, Kan.
Mayer. George ." " ^ '
Meek. Trod C., :
Mpver. sown
McGlnley. William A
McGlnty, V -'■■ "
McKibben, I
.ughly, James B„ Bn. Sri. Major.
McGimy. Manln B.
Dodge'City. Kan.
MONautfity. ft—
Glrard. Kan.
Nahrung. Carl
ajKy^xi
.. Chlca
L. Oa] '
Chics
. III.
Musician
in^Elex"" We"l™' Kan .
_ ..tm:h wander, Vlctc- ™
Bloolaa. Samuel R..
.... ._._ . Srt J,.
Muryl ft
Lehigh. Kan.
.. Kansas Clt- "■-
Set., U. 3. /
„ .... Mcpherson.
Lennle J.. Bn. Runner, (
Nktscti wander. Tlctor H.. Hojile. Kan
Htcolaa. Samuel R.. St. John. Kan.
Noll, i John J.^Sgt.,. Parsons. Kan,
Olson. Arilii
Olson ' — '
Osboi
Kan.
Oalemdorl.
L an ham.
V.. Brewe
•Owlngs, Roy B„ Syracuse.
Packard. Grant L., I-abette
•Parke. Clayton
•Pattenon. Emu
Paltlnaon, Thom
Percy, Fay W.. Peoria. 111.
*»£■
' i, Kan.
Pitta. Ray 3.. Jetmore. Hi —
Ptppert, Joseph K.. Laramie. Wyo.
Piper, Olav. Douglas. Kan.
Plnmlsy, William L.. While Clly. J.~...
•Porter. Walter C. Vaesar. Kan.
'I'nol. Francis A.. Welleville. Kan.
Popklnn. James R„ Band Corp.. PUlnbiirK.
•Pnrtr
ill, Edwin L..
i. Runner, Bird City.
0., Webb City. Mo.
n T.. Cook. Wavcrly.
■Rose.' Glen 0., Par
310 Regimental Directory 353rd Infantry
•Ryan, Meu-ij-. Colby. Kan. Swestwood. Louis S.. WUllamab
•Rynlker. Frank A.. Kiow- "— - "' .-.»-— - ™...._ r
Salley. Orlin D.. 3C1 Hue
Samuels. Frank E . Wichita. Kan. Taylor. Herbert R.. ZC1 Musician. Plata.
it City. Kui. Thomas. Ralph E.. Columbus.
uenuin, j.iimbcrt N.V Maiter. El
* T °C^io!
Sauter. Edward A.. Parsons. Kan. ' Thompson, Arthur R., Srt., Os»e»o.
" Henry, Greeley. Colo. Thompson. Norda T.. Paola. Kan.
Schinahl. jtw, __ _ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
ReV ™S jt" 'Major. *Denrer.
Schmidt." Herbert K.. Bluff City. Kan.
'. Fred J., Cook, Parsons. Kan.
Ralph E„ Sit.. Edna. Kan.
m. Jacob, warden. Wash,
invii. Howard M.. South Mound. Kan.
Trenton. Georre L,. Trero. Wla.
Tumor. Henry W.. Kinsley. Kan.
rnderhill. Silvester J*.. Set., Ellis. Kan.
Usher. Martin L.. Band Corp.. Scanunon.
■SuitmaKle. licirfii
Machine Gun Company, 353rd Infantry
Jut Lieut.
CapL
■init Lieut.
lut Lieut.
2nd Lieut.
Hem per. Ralph L.
Ux, William J.
I'aiwhal. Boykln
Postin. William R.
Robertaon. H. H.
Sprlnnate. Raymond a
Sutton. Daniel T.
Von Sam. Thomas
Wade.' Ernest G.
9 Union St., Salem. '
a Fe. N. Mtoi.
Anderson. Judd W. F.. Corp.. Oralis. 1
Andrew". Georgo A.. Sgt.. Lancaster. ]
Anthony. Edgar R.. Arnold. Pom.
Armour. James W,. Farmlnrton. Kan.
^ Armstrong. Edwin. Cenlralfa. Kan.
* Augustine.
Bad. PI. ■■
■Bsird. L
"'"■ert R.. ,
, Leaven* or....
■Berry, Henry, Osara City. Kan
Bates. Almon J., Saylesville. R.
Dora. Percj' D., Kansas City. Mo.
Delwller, Frank, Ottawa. Kan,
■ Deutwher, Gustav, Ransom. Kan.
Dodauii, Charles. Bilrltngame. Klin.
Doremue. Bert E.. Ludell. Kan.
, Placlde a., Trinidad. C
"Albert* R.!' Josephine
• III
Becker. Edwi
■Ball, Clyde V.. Kansas City,
Bellairs, Clifford E.. Sgt.. Wi
. Fulton. Kan.
■. Kan. *FalrchUd. /
,, Junction City. J
d S.. Cook. ;
Blatli, Jame
■Blair. Mor
•Blake. Da-
Boldl, Fred — — .
Boll IE. Andrew. Kills. Ki
Bosob. Paul J.. Appleton
Bow*. Peter G.. Ar«>i»t,.,
Boyce. Ernest R.. Cc
•Bradley, Aubrey
•Browne. John f
•Burner, Jeaa W
-" 1, Willlu
i, Juan "
Runner. G
.. Kansas Clly.
J E.. S»t.. Kingman. Kan.
-Calve
. Earl R.. Otla»
Clark.
•Cloud'. AM P.'. Wichfli
•Cloud, Kenneth G., Sgt., i
Coleman. Vernon G.. Corp,
■Collins, Alex L.. Kansas C
•Con ley, William C. Fort
Conway. Edward F . Newt!
•CiilP. Bu — .,
Cunningham. Guy,
fSillen. Harry E.. Sgt
Gray, Charlea L„ Corp.. Canton. Kail.
•Greenwalrt. Fred. Fort Scott. Kan.
Gribben, Christopher A„ Bugler.
Kanaas City. San.
Griffith. William S.. Sgt.GalTa. Kan.
"Greuttmacher. Walter Jr., Beaver Dam.
■Culp, Hubert^B
Cyr. Robert 'w
•Daily. Pra-'-
Paiim. Hem
nm..
Davidson, John. to.
Albert R.. La Salle.'Colo.
Regimental Directory 353rd Infantry
•Johnston, Roy
"---ty. Jacob V.
ry. Clarence'"™'. Pawnee Stat
.. Kansas City. Kan.
■Judy. Jn<''
Cane. Hubc__ _.. _...
larmeris. Louis. Kan
tame.. Anthc"- "
ClUTitBtttV. Jul
Keens. John
.. Pawnee Station. Kan.
t. John. Kansas City. Kan
.eelle C. Deltas. Kan.
, Arnofd R.'. Belle^Plalhe. Kan
Clarence A.. Fontana. Kan.
lilo. Victor C, Corp., Duluth, 1
inky. Frank V.. Woda'. Kan.
.. MeKeea Rock*. I
'Murray. John R.. Eliinghan
•^^en*, Heary B.. Car bond ate. ikan.
m. Albert, Corp., Lexington. Nebr.
— *-■■- ^wcock. Wis.
,. Corp.. Abdlngdon. m.
"-- 'alo. Kan.
., Atchison.
i. Co. "Run
-. Carbalo.
aonias. C i
r. Gliffot
sv'flle. San.
Chicago. 111.
•Pearmm, Raymond C Courtland. Kan,
Penniman. Edward D . Srt . Fort Scol't. Kai
"■-■■' " =.. Sri.. Logan. Km,
P^tPwalL
rchail C..
S*t, Kan
. Leedey. Okla.
■Planinac. Nick
Pool. Luther
n. Kan.
Pratt fjosopl
C h"b
T.. Ch
sain. 111.
Prucss. Leor
!rd
— _.. Fullon.
•Qulnn. Russell I).. Kansas City. San.
Rasoue. Edward E., Boicobel. Wis'.
Redding. Louis M . Goodhue. Minn.
•Redmond. Raymond C, Lyndon. Kan.
■ileum. Clare A.. Baxter Springs. San.
•aietirheek. Frank A.. Qrlnnel. Kan.
'Rings. Cheater A.. Collyer. Kan.
•RltlBT. Ray W.. Garden City. Kan.
•Roberts. Edward H.. Mount Hope. Kan.
-'■-"----i. Andrew J.. Lewlo, Kan.
Robe
, Altn
.. Sit., Topeka. Ban.
Roehm. William. Blue I
■Rum me] (anger! William J.. Greely.San.
Rontke. John J.. McCrackso. Kan,
•Roubouffh. Ralph. N. R.
Ross. I-conard A.. Bird Cily. Kan.
Ruth. Elmer J.. Seymour. WIh.
■Ruble,' Louis r"'„ Fullon. Kan.
•Runklc. Fred X.. Fort Scotl. Sao.
•Runyim, Oren C. Fort Scott, Kan.
•Kulhrouff, Albert C-. Retl'leld. Kan.
•Sandowal. Nick, bawsori. N. Hex.
Sandow. Julius C. Wesllield. Wis.
Sapp. Prate F., Co. Runner. Galena. San,
Schamm. John, Necb.. Wakeeney. Kan.
i. ■Sherser. George F.. Kansas City, Kan.
•Sehtnvers. Harry Chicago. Ill,
•SeCnUi, Jacob J.. Plymouth. Wis.
iVhiimitM'li. Edward J.. Antiro. Wi».
K„ Otuwt
•Mclnlyie. Richard M.. Kaunas City. Kan.
•MoKtnley, Robert H.. Wakeeney. Kan.
McNcary, Hugh B„ Weir City. Kan.
MrNell], Lloyd R., Lane. Kan.
•Maxwell, Jeans A.. Devon. San.
Miller. Clarendon I., Topeka. Kan.
Miller. Henry E., Grldley. Kan.
•Miller, Jacob, St. Francis. San.
Miller. Joe A.. Argentine, Kan.
•Miller. Ralph. Fullon. Kan,
Mitchell, Hugh A.. Sgt.. SI. Francis. San.
•Montgomery, Homer T„ Michigan Valley.
. Atchison. Kan.
•Seymour, Edgar W.. E
•Shswrer, William E.. i
Shorthlll. Ruin S., Topeka.
•Shuert. Floyd C. Fullon. Kan.
Shunter, Earl E„ Corp.. Anthony. E
Shimlcr, Clayton F., Anlhony, Kan
■Slmmonda. Fred C. Wichita. Kan.
smith: Charier B . Welunitton.' Kan
•Smith. Raj- W.. Hsruigton. Kan.
Smith. Edward F„ Culver. San.
Smull, Cbarlea W.. Co. Runner. St.
Stahlberr. Eli. Dayton, Minn.
Stanv.li. Leonard A.. Corp.. Torn
Kan.
•Starnes, ClolllnH. Leavenworth, r
•Steele. Christer. Devan. San.
•Slegeman. Albert, Hone. Kan.
Machine Gun Company, American Expeditionary Forces 313
.-..,, _ ,;on. Win. Walker. Samuel L„ Chetopa. Kan.
Earl L.. Leavenworth. Kan. •Wa»»ent*nr. Chriatopher A.. Mar
■Stlrer, Karl
• Smith heinler. _.... -.. ......
Slrirmin. Michael ft., Sedan. Kan.
SulSva^fculrene v'.'. HoltSn.*Kanf
Sutton, Harold S.. Liberal. Kan. '
Swain. Claude. Sst.. Port Bcolt. Ki
Swanaon. Per E.. Co. Runner, Fort
Taylor. William E., Corn.. Da 3ota,
■Terry. Lawrence D.. Gmioln, Kan.
TUberr. Benjamin R . Dwinhl. Kan,
Tlaoher. Adolph T.. Beaver Dam. \
Thompson. Jamea W.. Eldorado. Ki
•Titus. George. Anthony, Kan.
TYottin. Henry. Kaukauna. Wus.
•Trotter. Ray K„ Attica. Kan.
•Turner. Albert. Atwood. Kan.
•Uriah, William, Scran ton. Kan.
Varmilli.in. B«n. Oaawatomle. Kan.
v f r E . Frank W.. Walertown. Win.
VUF, Albert R„ La Qranm. 111.
Supply Company, 353rd Infantry
LAST KNOWN ka.
aDDUn
Boole. Da via P.
:Md Lieut
Bowler. John F.
2nd Lieut
Sprlngllekl. Mass.
aS High St.. Saxonvllle. Maxa.
Brown. Herbert A.
Capt.
Brown. Harold F.
Holden. Manx.
Dunn'. 57k. E.
Is? Lieut.
Kaunas City. -Kan.
Boise. Ida.
Davii..' Charles 0.
l-l I-icul.
Fanl... Carl 11.
Coluln%'us. U 6hio
Johnson. Scbaatln K.
2nd Lieut.
Cant.
1(122 lath St.. Denver. Colo.
■Matthewa, Lawis P.
l.t IJPUl.
Cleveland. Ohio
■McGrfldy. John J.
1*1 T.L..--L11.
Morgan, Francla
Raven nwood. W. Ya.
Noyee. George S.
Port Cheater. N. Y.
Capl.
Junction City. Kan.
Smith. Frank Allen
Allen. Ipvio R-. Topek
. K
John R., N. R.
•Arkle. Rnford W.. A
Ire. Alcid. Concordia. Kan.
Arm-trong. Cliarlci. B
ea. Ran.
Green.
Bailey. Jesse- J.. Seneo
Bailey. Franklin w.. E
Banker, Louis W„ Sal
! Kan!
•HiK'fcn
berg. George w.. Hound Ridge.
on, Andrew J Galva, Kan,
Baker. Allen J.. Wain
1'itl
bunt, Kan.
Hacaln
nd. John A., Llndsborg. Kan.
Baldwin. Che-ter O.. D
•Deal. Bethel G.. Atw
'od 1
Kan
go, Alvlu D., McDonald. Kan.
Heal nor
niton. 1)0 M.. Wagoner. Jenning)
•Hinmewltr, Frank E.
City. Kan.
Km
Belch, John. Phoenix. Art
Betterton. Walter H.. Ware
er Hyker Ark
Hegne'r
."ciarenceW., Llndsborg 1 ! ' Kan .
Bingham. Irwin, Wlch
Can
Brew. Harry. Wichita. Kai
•Buehrs. Ernest H.. McPl
C.iinrell. Uwis W.. Wagone
CftrpenlnvWitliam. r-
Casey. Leroy T.. Wagoner. Cawl
Choate. ,' "
Clm'ldsui
■Clawcr. _ _.._
Combs. Turner. M
Cook." Pete ».. W
•Courtwright. Alb
•C™wr.°Joliii ft '
•Crider. George P.
Holcomb. Elmer H. L.. Cook. Wakeeney.
•Horvat. George. Kaunas City. Kan.
Horton, Spencer J.. Wagoner. Topeka. Kan
BMpjaa*. John, Sugar cTty?'Colo" '
Hugheem. WIIIIh A.. Wagoner. McDonald.
Kai
C.r,,--.
Walter P.. Argentine. Kan.
•HunUa. Steve
K
W
Ci
ty. K
lie. Wyo.
•uavi
er."™
Dawao
. Lloyd A.."c"*™IWl('vilic. Kim.
Iraci. 1--J1
Wa
r York. *"
Downey. Frank it.. :■>•*■ Turk. N. v.
. Leonard C.. Sgt.. Junction City.
■Jnhc. CI
udn
K„
Kan
City.
Mo.
Kan.
Jn)i»„.jii.
.Id*
It.
. Calvert.
Blmirk Clay. Set.. Harper. Kan.
Eh rile
. Herbert. Sgt.. Marlon, Kan,
i. Kan.
■Mm
Jarattj H., Mfidiwin". Kail.
laon. Kan
Feldkamp, Frank W„ Wagoner. Lincoln. Mo
i.;i;'ina
an, Andrew J.. Bonton. MaaH.
Belle. Kat
r. Leroy T„ Norton. Kan.
[I*rt K„ Clarita. Oklft.
Jutm B . Fall River. Kan,
•Frial
Cheater L., Meade. Art*.
Hrneal E ., Falun. Kan.
i, Kan.
Fuller
Earl C. C.mndl. Ida.
■Gaeduert. Gualav R., McPherson. Kan,
Gates.
Joseph E.. Wagoner. Leavenworth
.. Kan.
r. Kan.
Oasar I... Toronto. Kan.
Mmrtri! 1... Wagoner. Flahcr. Kan
i. David P.. McPherson. Kan.
Supply Company, American Expeditionary Forces
315
Landel, Dalhousie, Wagoner. Kansas City,
Kan.
Larson. Luther M., Wagoner. Marquette.
Kan.
Larson. Oscar R., McPherson. Kan.
"Leatherman. Noah, McPherson. Kan.
Leat. Frank W., Mech., Kansas City, Kan.
Letsch, John H., Bunker Hill. Kan.
Liethen, John H., Mech., Appleton. Wis.
Llljestrom, Elmer, Lindsborg, Kan.
Lickty, Lewis D., Jewell, Kan.
Linde, Ralph S., Cook, Rosedale. Kan.
•Loche, George, Franklin. Nebr.
Loeffler, Gustav, Rice, Kan.
Llouia. Edmond, P., Wagoner. Mound Ridge.
Kan.
Logan, Franklin W., Oberlin, Kan.
Lysell, Oscar F., Marquette. Kan.
Lyons, Claude E. F., Wagoner, Phoenix,
Ariz.
•Mahorney, Fay, At wood. Kan.
'Makings, Weaver C, Atwood, Kan.
• Marco tte. Arthur, Concordia, Kan.
Masterson, Edward J., Columbus, Kan.
'Mathes, Walter L., Trousdale, Kan.
Mahan. Michael, Kansas City, Kan.
McMahon, Clarence A.. Kansas City, Kan.
McAlavy, Herman H., Mech., Lincoln. Kan.
MeCluer, Arthur. Baxter Springs. Kan.
• Meyer, Herman, Herndon. Kan.
• Meier. Fred, Hutchinson, Kan.
• Miller, Arthur L., Kiowa, Kan.
Mishler, Vernie S., 1st Sgt., McPherson.
Kan.
Miller, Clyde E. F., Wagoner, Phoenix. Ariz.
Moffit, Glenn G.. Sgt.. Hutchinson, Kan.
Moore. John. Wagoner, Leavenworth, Kan.
• Moore, Thomas J., Norcatur. Kan.
Moorhead, Marion C.. Elkhart, Kan.
Morgan. James L., Wagoner, Concordia. Kan.
Morgan. Myron V., Wagoner, Glate, Kan.
Morris. Earl P., Trinidad. Colo.
Moses. William A., Wagoner, McLouth, Kan.
'Montgomery, John M., Sgt., Bangor. Me.
Munson. Edward A., Cook, Belleville. Kan.
•Neufeld, Peter T„ McPherson, Kan.
•Neufeld, Jacob H., McPherson, Kan.
•Nick. Peter, Kansas City. Mo.
• Novak, John, Seneca, Kan.
•Ogle. Oscar O., Piedmont. Kan.
Oliphant, Harley F., Wagoner. Wautoma.
Wis.
Oliver, Stonewall J., Wagoner. New Ulysses,
Kan.
Opperman, Morris D., Baxter Springs. Kan.
Orthman, Frederick C, Wagoner, Atwood.
Kan.
•Owen, Earl, Topeka, Kan.
•Palanowich, Pete, Atchison. Kan.
Paraskevopoulos. C. H., Juneau, Wis.
'Patrick, Steve, Kansas City, Mo.
Patterson, Leonard U., Wagoner,
Neosha Falls, Kan.
Perkins, John N., Wagoner, Mullinville. Kan.
Perry, Forrest J., Wagoner. Aurora. Kan.
'Peterson, Alfred. Wagoner, Jamestown.
Kan.
•Pet tick, Louis, Wagoner. Kansas City, Kan.
Peterson, George M., Wagoner, Manhattan,
Kan.
Pfannkuch. John. Phillipsburg. Kan.
Phillips, Leo J., Kansas City, Kan.
'Piatt. George, McPherson, Kan.
•Play ford, George L., Oberlin. Kan.
Portella, Joseph D., Globe. Ariz.
•Portschy. Math, Herndon. Kan.
Puertz, Frank J., Wagoner. Garden Plains,
Kan.
Raber. Dannie L., Wagoner, Tully, Kan.
'Raliiey, Ray A., McPherson. Kan.
Reedy, Charles W., Wagoner. Norton. Kan.
Reed, John E., Concordia, Kan.
Ribble, Albert E., Wagoner, Culvert, Kan.
Robinson, Charlie B., Atchison. Kan.
Ronan, Karl T., Wagoner. Klrwin, Kan.
'Rodger, Harold, Reg. Army
Rodriquez. Jack V., Seligman. Ariz.
Ruffner. Fred J., Beloit, Kan.
Ryf, John J., Wagoner, Russell, Kan.
Salazar, Jose B., Wagoner, Springerville,
Ariz.
Samson, Arthur J., Wagoner, Ludell. Kan.
Scatnahorn, Charles F.. Wagoner,
Colorado Springs. Colo.
Sanders, Lawrence E., Wagoner, Coldwater,
Kan.
Sclinick, John H.. Wagoner, Lost Springs,
Kan.
Schneider, Ulrich. Wagoner, Mullinville.
Kan.
Scott. Fred. Wagoner, Havens, Kan.
•Schroeder, Francis, McPherson. Kan.
Schoenecker, John J., Wagoner,
Sedgwick Co., Kan.
Schnider, William F.. Neosha Falls. Kan.
Shick. John A.. Wagoner, Norcatur. Kan.
Shipp, Leo G., Wagoner. Inman. Kan.
•Shell, Everett G., 2nd Lieut..
Medicine Lodge, Kan.
Shrader, Guy V., Wagoner, Concordia. Kan.
Shurtz, Horace B., Sgt., Beloit, Kan.
Shaw, Arthur D.. Canton, Kan.
Smith, Ralph W., Wagoner, Jamestown.
Kan.
Snowdeen. Luther A., Wagoner. Flatwood,
Mo.
Spoonemore, Loren J., Wagoner, Oberlin.
Kan.
•Spangler, Harry, Garden City, Kan.
•Snyder, Frederick A., Kinsley, Kan.
Spotts, James, Wagoner, Mound City. Kan.
•Steinke, Louie F., Oberlin. Kan.
•Stucky, Gerard B.. McPherson, Kan.
'Stichler, Louis W., Jamestown, Kan.
'Streeter, Phillip. Atchison. Kan.
'Stead, Joseph F.. Ottawa. Kan.
Stovall, Stanley A.. Sgt., Beloit. Kan.
Sullivan, J. P., Corp., New Ulysses, Kan.
Sylvester, Roy J., Wagoner, Elsmore, Kan.
'Tacha. Frank W., Sgt., Jennings, Kan.
Taylor, Alfred, Wagoner, Scandia, Kan.
•Travis. Ray S., Topeka. Kan.
Terry, Oscar B., Wagoner, Harper, Kan.
Tice. Glenn, Wagoner, Dresden. Kan.
Thayer, Frank. Wagoner, Mankato. Kan.
Tholen, Frank. Wagoner. Oakley. Kan.
Tholstrup, Alvin L., Wagoner, Jamestown.
Kan.
Thomas, Earl J., Wagoner. Kingman, Kan.
Thompson, Michael. Scandia. Kan.
Trigg, Benjamin, Corp., Green Forest. Kan.
•Tris&ell, Archie L.. Ulysses, Kan.
Tournade, Max J., Wagoner, Haviland. Kan.
Ufford, Eljer D.. Oberlin. Kan.
Ukson, Joseph E„ Luray. Kan.
Viapiano, Cosmo P., Buffalo, N. Y.
Wakefield, John F., Wagoner, Canton. Kan.
Walbach, Clyde B., Wagoner, Sylvan Grove.
Kan.
'Warren, Holland J.. Kansas City. Kan.
•Watts, Walter, Topeka, Kan.
Weaver, Walter H„ Wichita. Kan.
Wellman, Joe A., Leavenworth. Kan.
Westfall, Paul J., Achilles, Kan.
White, Orel E., Wagoner. Agra. Kan.
'Wharton, Robert S., Kansas City, Kan.
Whitaker, Geo. F., Sgt., Paola. Kan.
•Willis. William R.. Oberlin. Kan.
Willoughby, Frank. Wagoner. Payson, Okla.
•Woody, Lloyd W., Wagoner, Wellington.
Kan.
Woerpel, Frederick W., Wagoner. Rexford.
Kan.
Wright, Aaron A., Wagoner, Hays, Kan.
Wright, Horace, Sgt.. Winfield, Kan.
'Wright, Jesse I.. Concordia. Kan.
Wells, Francis L., N. R.
Vorhies, Owen K., Wagoner, Stockton, Kan.
York, Edwin T„ Mound City. Kan.
Zeuch, "Victor H., Leavenworth. Kan.
Regimental Infirmary, 353rd Infantry
LAST KNOWN RANK
Albright. Fred C.
Curvy. Mark R.
Wax. Charles il
Salem, a. I).
M in noapo 1 1 n , M inn .
Louisville, fcy.
Council Grove. Kan.
Chicago, lit.
Meany. Francis
McCaskoy. p. J.
Maxwell. Albert c.
Mooring. 8. W.
Miller, George C.
O'Doanel. F. W.
Heed. WII1U c.
™lnun'B
Vamer Harry M.
Ambler. Pa.
Warsaw. N. Y.
Kansas City. Mo.
A^r.Lew'La
Puker, Charles F.,"Munde.
•Ball. Otto. Muiiden. San.
Belne. Wesley A.. Leaven*
Bell. Clyde V.. Bgt.. Kansas
Blvliis. Howard B.. Hulebl
yu-ee", Harold E.." Stuart.
"Bruoka. Cecil H„ Wheelin
Frederick C, St. Hairs, Kan. Henscl
Jeeubilck. William C..' Omaha. Nebr.
James, Lloyd B.. Hollenburg. Kan.
Jennings William H.. South Boston. Mass.
■Duure. William T.. Kinsley, Kaj).
•Evans. MoKinlcy. Sgt.. Denver. Colo.
•Elmore. Frederick. Wier'-- "--
-Fleming. Arthur. Norte
•Fair. Olio D., MeCune.
•Ferguson, Samuel H.. ALchil
GIger/i'ftUi A*' <
Hoi brook, Roll
•nSSf . i
Maddoi," Earl, fconcurdia, Kan
Ion. Magniwon. Elof, Meade, Nebi
Kan. McAnlls. Wm. ^ Clay Center
Neumann. Otto w.. Fort Morr.
Peterson. Lawrence A.. Greenli
Portell, Robert K.. Old Mines, no.
•Prada, Harry J.. Great Bend. Kan.
lng». PaTolka,' Tachtyj Yerdlgre,'Nebr;
RIckBTwn, Floyd. Bsllingham. Wash.
Roaentlekl, Lawrence J., Sgt., Memphis.
•Roeee. Karl. Pltteburf. Kan.
Rutherford. Robert S\, Sapulps, Okla.
Schmidt. George H„ Chicago, 111.
Scott. Joseph £.. Belle Plains. Kan.
Shepperd, Alqyuius. Philadelphia. Pa.
Skoog. Myer M„ Dululb. Mum.
Stuebinger. Walter, Atchison. Kan.
■Thomas. Lee R.. Baiter Springs. Kan.
Torn. Dewey M.. Higginsville. Mo.
*"- — '- *-*•- W„ Sit., Baxter Springs. Ran.
e H„ Qulnler, Kan.
Trtble. 'Gcorgi
Walker. Joseph. Molfne
•Wallace. Robert R.. Lm.iu.
•Wolls. Owen R.. Broclon. IL.
•Wheeler. Perry H., Ottawa. Kan.
Willis. Floyd M.. Henderson tIIIi. N.
Wilson. Charles E.J"renton, Mo.
Woodarrl. Eugene W.. Eudora. Kan
•Woods. Ylrgll. Jasonvilte. Ind.
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